Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0030305 (pancreatitis)
 16,014 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The adult respiratory distress syndrome has been associated with acute pancreatitis in 5-8% of patients. to determine, in a quantitative manner, the effects of acute, hemorrhagic pancreatitis on alveolar epithelial permeability, we studied two groups of dogs (group 1 - sham-operated, 7 dogs; group 2 - surgically induced pancreatitis, 7 dogs) and measured the flux of 10,000-20,000 molecular weight dextran and albumin (69,000 molecular weight), from the blood to the saline-filled lung. Following the surgical procedure (day 1), serum amylase levels increased significantly (397 +/- 70-1,268 +/- 95 dye units) in group 2 but not in group 1. Alveolar epithelial permeability (expressed as T1/2 time in minutes to 50% equilibration between blood and lung liquid) did not increase in either group for dextrans or albumin. We conclude that experimental acute pancreatitis does not cause an increase in alveolar epithelial permeability for molecular weight substances up to 69,000 daltons.
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PMID:Pulmonary alveolar epithelial permeability in surgically induced hemorrhagic pancreatitis in dogs. 616 83

Serial measurements of serum amylase, lipase and ionized calcium were made in a prospective study of 17 patients with acute pancreatitis. The mean serum ionized calcium was significantly below the normal range for the first 24 h and had returned to normal after 48 h. There was no correlation between serum ionized calcium and paired calcium corrected for albumin during the first 36 h of the study, but they were correlated for the remainder of the investigation. Serum lipase and ionized calcium levels were just significantly correlated over the first 3 days (r = -0.44; t = 2.3; P less than 0.05; d.f. 22), but failed to reach correlation over the whole period of study (r = -0.34; t = 2.0; d.f. 31). These data establish a significant drop in directly measured ionized calcium early in an attack of pancreatitis, which is not seen in the paired corrected calcium values. Furthermore, the drop is correlated with serum lipase, although this is weak and other factors must be involved in the hypocalcaemia.
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PMID:Ionized calcium in acute pancreatitis and its relationships with total calcium and serum lipase. 616 29

Acute haemorrhagic pancreatitis was induced by intraductal injection of a bile-trypsin blood mixture in 22 dogs, with a 100% mortality in 4 dogs given supportive therapy alone. Control animals survived without ill effect. The remaining 18 dogs were given supplementary intravenous aprotinin (400,000 KI units) at varying times after onset of acute pancreatitis. 10 given this treatment starting 1--6 h after induction of pancreatitis survived without appreciable morbidity. A 9- and 12-hour delay in starting aprotinin therapy was associated with a 25 and 75% mortality rate, respectively. Monitoring of serum (and urinary) amylase, serum calcium and albumin is documented.
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PMID:Effective aprotinin therapy in canine experimental bile-trypsin pancreatitis. 616 8

It was felt that the apparent specificity of the amylase-to-creatine clearance ratio (ACCR) in several previous studies of pancreatitis might reflect a failure to utilize adequately ill control subjects. The ACCR and the renal clearances of beta 2-microglobulin (B2-m), similarly related to creatinine (BCCR) as well as the urinary concentration of albumin, were compared in 27 patients with acute pancreatitis, 8 with a perforated peptic ulcer and 7 with mild biliary colic, during the first 5 days in hospital. Acute pancreatitis was graded as mild (6), moderate (14) or severe (7), using a combination of clinical data, diagnostic peritoneal lavage and multiple criteria. Further assessment of the severity of the acute illness was obtained from measurement of C-reactive protein (C-RP). Lowest C-RP levels were found in the patients with mild pancreatitis and biliary colic, and highest levels in the patients with severe pancreatitis and perforated ulcer (P less than 0.002). Similarly, ACCR and BCCR levels were significantly lower in the two mild groups than in the two severe ones (P less than 0.01 and less than 0.002 respectively), although plasma amylase was raised only in patients with pancreatitis and plasma B2-m was similar in all groups. Electrophoresis of urine showed dense bands of tubuloprotein in patients from both severe groups. Urine albumin was higher in severe pancreatitis than in perforated ulcer (P less than 0.1), perhaps indicating a more specific glomerular lesion in pancreatitis. Thus a rise in amylase clearance appeared to be related to the severity of the acute illness, and may be a component of a non-specific tubuloproteinuria. In this study patients with a perforated peptic ulcer had increases in ACCR similar to those seen in patients with severe pancreatitis, and we are therefore doubtful whether ACCR has any role in the clinical diagnosis of pancreatic disease.
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PMID:The amylase-to-creatinine clearance ratio--a non-specific response to acute illness? 617 75

Partial pancreatic duct obstruction due to gallstone migration has been suggested as an important step in the pathogenesis of gallstone, pancreatitis. Since gallstone migration often follows a meal, pancreatic secretory stimulation is also present. Utilizing the isolated perfused canine pancreas, an experimental model of gallstone pancreatitis was developed by partial obstruction of the main pancreatic duct and secretin stimulation (POSS). In control glands (n=6) perfused for a four-hour period, gross appearance remained normal, weight gain (8 g) was minimal, and mean amylase (875 Caraway units/dl) remained within normal limits. POSS glands (n=9) became markedly edematous during the perfusion period, with significant weight gain (47 g) and hyperamylasemia (7200 Caraway units/dl). Steroid-treated (n=6) and Trasylol-treated (n=6) POSS glands became edematous, and mean weight gain and hyperamylasemia were similar to those seen in untreated POSS glands. Glucagon-treated POSS glands (n=6) became edematous, but mean weight gain (24 g) was significantly decreased compared with that of untreated POSS glands. Mean amylase elevation was unchanged (8536 Caraway units/dl). POSS glands treated with albumin (n=6) remained normal in gross appearance, mean weight gain (12 g) was minimal and mean amylase (3120 Caraway units/dl) was significantly decreased compared to that of untreated POSS glands. The failure of Trasylol to ameliorate the injury response and the effectiveness of albumin were interpreted as evidence against enzyme extravasation and for capillary injury as the initial step in the pathogenesis of gallstone pancreatitis.
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PMID:Experimental gallstone pancreatitis. Pathogenesis and response to different treatment modalities. 617 93

The presence of alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor (alpha 1-PI) in pure human pancreatic juice was demonstrated. Its concentration was measured using the radial immunodiffusion technique and compared to transferrin and albumin concentrations. In normal pancreatic juice the mean alpha 1-PI level (expressed in percent of total protein) was 0.21 +/- 0.02, whereas the mean levels of the two other serum proteins were 0.14 +/- 0.01 for transferrin and 0.90 +/- 0.07 for albumin. These levels increased significantly in the juice of patients with chronic calcifying pancreatitis. The serum origin of alpha 1-PI present in pancreatic juice was demonstrated by the good correlation existing between alpha 1-PI and albumin as well as between transferrin and albumin. In addition, in each case the alpha 1-PI level was found to be higher in secretin-stimulated juice than in cholecystokinin-stimulated juice. A similar pattern was also found for albumin.
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PMID:Alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor in pure human pancreatic juice. 640 77

The influence of colipase on the turbidimetric measurement of the catalytic activity of pure human pancreatic lipase (EC 3.1.1.3) and of sera from pancreatitis patients was studied. A deoxycholate-stabilized triolein emulsion served as substrate. It was found that the activity of the pure, colipase-free lipase is strongly inhibited by deoxycholate, and can be blocked completely if normal serum, pure human albumin, or the globulin fraction of normal serum is present. The inhibition by serum is competitive. This finding largely excludes the existence of a specific lipase inhibitor in human serum and explains the non-linear response of activity to the amount of serum added, a frequently observed problem with various turbidimetric lipase methods. A high molar excess of colipase (greater than 250-fold) completely abolishes the inhibition of lipase, irrespective of the inhibitory factor studied. Sera of pancreatitis patients, when measured turbidimetrically without addition of colipase, exhibit elevated lipase activity only if they contain colipase. However, the activity measured is not a function of the serum lipase concentration alone but of the molar ratio of colipase to lipase. Since this ratio varies considerably and is usually too low to ensure complete activation of lipase, erroneously low or even false negative results are obtained. For this reason it is strongly recommended that an excess of colipase is used in turbidimetric lipase assays. It therefore also appears important to study the influence of the serum colipase level on non-turbidimetric lipase methods.
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PMID:Influence of colipase on the turbidimetric determination of pancreatic lipase catalytic activity. 661 42

Wound healing has been investigated in 373 patients undergoing surgery for obstructive jaundice and 760 anicteric patients undergoing cholecystectomy. Reduced wound healing manifested by a higher frequency of wound dehiscence (3.2 per cent vs. 0.5 per cent) and incisional hernia (10.3 per cent vs. 1.8 per cent) was seen in the jaundiced patients. The factors related to this reduced wound healing have been analysed by univariate and multivariate analysis. The independent factors related to wound dehiscence in the 373 jaundiced patients were: an initial low haematocrit (less than 30 per cent), an initial low plasma albumin (less than 30 g/l], a history of pancreatitis, a malignant obstructing lesion, and postoperative wound and/or abdominal sepsis. Haematocrit, albumin and postoperative wound and/or abdominal sepsis were also independent factors for incisional hernia. A raised plasma bilirubin was not of independent significance for either wound dehiscence or incisional hernia. It is concluded that reduced wound healing occurs in jaundiced patients and that this is due to the associated features of poor nutritional status (manifested by low haematocrit and low albumin) and malignancy and not to the raised bilirubin per se.
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PMID:Wound healing in obstructive jaundice. 670 75

Lactoferrin and albumin concentrations in pure pancreatic juice were studied by radial immunodiffusion in 81 patients. Lactoferrin concentration (% of total protein) was specifically increased in patients suffering from chronic calcifying pancreatitis (mean +/- SE: 0.169 +/- 0.024) and no overlap was observed with patients suffering from other pancreatic diseases (0.008 +/- 0.001), organic nonpancreatic diseases (0.011 +/- 0.001) and without organic disease (0.01 +/- 0.001). Lactoferrin concentration was not found to be correlated with chronic alcohol consumption or pancreatic insufficiency. Albumin concentration (% of total protein) was increased in patients suffering from chronic calcifying pancreatitis (5.55 +/- 0.49) and other pancreatic diseases (5.45 +/- 1.02). These values were significantly higher (P less than 0.001) than the corresponding values in patients with organic nonpancreatic diseases (1.66 +/- 0.16) and patients without organic diseases (1.46 +/- 0.22). Measuring lactoferrin and albumin in pancreatic juice may aid in the diagnosis of pancreatic disease and in the differentiation of chronic calcifying pancreatitis, even in the earliest stage, from other pancreatic diseases such as pancreatic carcinoma or acute pancreatitis.
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PMID:Lactoferrin and albumin in human pancreatic juice: a valuable test for diagnosis of pancreatic diseases. 676 33

Fat necrosis and arthritis occur in some individuals with pancreatitis. The intraarticular free fatty acid concentration was found to be markedly elevated in 2 patients with this pancreatitic arthritis syndrome. Injection of free fatty acids into rabbit knees reproduced the inflammatory synovial response including intracellular fat globules within leukocytes. Free fatty acids exceeding the available binding sites of albumin appear to mediate the extrapancreatic inflammatory manifestations of this syndrome.
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PMID:Free fatty acids in the pancreatitic arthritis syndrome. 682 11


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