Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0030305 (pancreatitis)
 16,014 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In 21 female Beagle dogs an experimental pancreatitis was induced by injection of bile into the pancreatic duct system. Beside controls, dogs received 62.5 micrograms/h cyclic somatostatin (SRIF) a continuous i.v. infusion starting with a bolus of 250 micrograms 15 minutes before or 2 hours after bile injection. Following blood parameters were determined: lipase, amylase, blood count, minerals, glucose, insulin, gastrin, secretin and CCK. Two controls died within 24 hours, the others were sacrificed after 48 hours. All pancreata were examined morephologically. The controls developed all clinical signs of acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis, whereas all SRIF-treated dogs were in much better general condition. Lipase and amylase increased in all groups. In the controls insulin, gastrin and secretin remained unchanged and CCK rose slightly. SRIF-treatment diminished insulin, CCK and the test meal-induced increase of secretin. At autopsy the pancreata of the controls were nearly entirely apoplectic. The SRIF-treated dogs showed less damage of the pancreas and no severe hemorrhagic necrosis was noted. The beneficial effect of SRIF cannot only be due to an interaction with intestinal hormones. An additional direct protective effect on the exocrine parenchyma is proposed to exist.
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PMID:Effect of somatostatin on bile-induced acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis in the dog. 39 59

The effects of somatostatin (SRIF) and its long-acting analogue, SMS 201-995 on the prevention and treatment of acute pancreatitis were studied in rats. Acute pancreatitis was established by ligating the bile duct at the point of entry into the duodenum, thereby allowing reflux of bile into the pancreas. Administration of SRIF (4 micrograms kg-1 body wt IV followed by a 12 h infusion of 4 micrograms kg-1 body wt h-1) or SMS 201-995 (2 micrograms kg-1 body wt SC) at the time of bile duct ligation prevented the increase in the serum concentrations of amylase and lipase observed in control rats 12 h after bile duct ligation. Moreover, SRIF and SMS 201-995 administration prevented development of the histological changes consistent with acute pancreatitis observed in control animals. These results suggest that SRIF or SMS 201-995 may be of value in preventing acute pancreatitis following ERCP or after surgery on the pancreas. In rats with established pancreatitis, SRIF (IV bolus of 4 micrograms kg-1 body wt followed by a 24 h continuous infusion of 4 micrograms kg-1 body wt h-1) or SMS 201-995 (2 micrograms kg-1 body wt SC followed by a similar dose 12 h later): (1) significantly improved survival; (2) produced histological changes in the pancreas consistent with organization and healing; (3) prevented the accumulation of ascitic fluid; (4) reduced the serum levels of amylase and lipase. These results suggest that SRIF and SMS 201-995 may prove valuable in the treatment of established acute pancreatitis in man.
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PMID:Effects of somatostatin and a long-acting somatostatin analogue on the prevention and treatment of experimentally induced acute pancreatitis in the rat. 258 47

Beside its known hormonal activity, somatostatin exerts cytoprotective action. Thus, its favorable effect on the course of experimental pancreatitis, liver and lung lesions, and gastric ulcerations cannot be explained solely on the basis of hormone-mediated mechanisms. Cytoprotection is only observed when somatostatin is administered prior to toxin exposure or tissue damage, and the structure/activity of the substance is important in determining this effect. Thus, the non-hormonal biological effects of somatostatin can be summarized as follows: (a) Natural somatostatin-14 has been shown, in addition to its full endocrine effect, to block the uptake of toxic substances into liver cells. (b) Analogues with superactive cytoprotection may be devoid of endocrine activity. In turn, this effect is commonly found in the low-molecular derivatives. (c) Although the mechanism leading to tissue protection has not been clarified, stabilisation of cell membranes may play a role as well as changes in the aminoacid sequence.
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PMID:Hormonal and nonhormonal cytoprotective effect by somatostatins. 290 Feb 2

Because of its wide distribution in the organism, natural somatostatin (SRIF) demonstrates an ample spectrum of actions, involving mainly the central neuroendocrine system and the enteropancreatic area. In the former, this peptide may find its field of application in conditions characterized by excessive GH, TSH or ACTH secretion, depending on the central or peripheral cause of the inappropriate hormone control. The inhibitory effect of SRIF on gastrointestinal and pancreatic hormones may be useful in the management of tumors originating in this system and also in the treatment of inflammatory processes such as pancreatitis, in malignant diarrhea, and in gastrointestinal bleeding. A complex action of SRIF and its derivative on insulin release and glucose homeostasis may offer some advantages in the control of unstable diabetes. Dampening of organic functions in the upper digestive tract may also render SRIF and its analogues useful in the exploration of the gallbladder, gastric and pancreatic functions. The effect of such peptides on tissue growth and on the regulation of blood pressure are the subject of present investigations. Cytoprotection, an interesting aspect of SRIF application, is discussed elsewhere in this compendium. Finally, some comments on the possible use of SRIF as an additive to the conventional treatment of burns and sepsis close this review.
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PMID:Clinical applications of somatostatin. 290 Feb 4