Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0030305 (pancreatitis)
 16,014 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Surgical procedures can be accomplished successfully in patients with uremia provided certain principles of perioperative management are observed. Preoperative dialysis minimizes the biochemical derangements and improves fluid balance, hypertension and hemostasis. Drug schedules are adjusted in consideration of abnormal metabolism in renal disease. Anesthetic management is modified in recognition of potentially adverse or altered activity of anesthetic agents and neuromuscular relaxants. The lightest plane of anesthesia consistent with expeditious operative technique is maintained, since adequate tissue oxygenation is dependent upon increased cardiac output in these invariably anemic patients. Intraoperative hyperventilation sustains the usual compensatory mechanism for uremic metabolic acidosis in the conscious patient, thereby averting increments in serum potassium levels associated with increasing acidosis. Postoperative morbidity may include shunt thrombosis, infection, impaired wound healing, bleeding, pericarditis, pleuritis and pancreatitis. Hypervolemia and hyperkalemia are best managed by early postoperative dialysis. A period of nutritional support using intravenous essential L-amino acids and hypertonic glucose appears promising, especially when gastrointestinal dysfunction exists.
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PMID:Renal failure and the surgeon. 40 28

Coeliac plexus block, an established method of treatment for pain associated with pancreatitis and cancer, was used in neurosurgical patients with gastrointestinal dysfunction. The study was performed in 16 patients whose gastric reflux volume exceeded 600 ml per day for 3 consecutive days. Patients were allocated to a block group (n = 8) or a control group (n = 8). Coeliac plexus block was accomplished with a modified Moore technique using 50 ml bupivacaine 0.25%. In the block group, gastric reflux volumes for 3 days preceding coeliac plexus block and 3 consecutive days following coeliac plexus block were analysed. In the control group, gastric reflux volumes were observed over a period of 6 days. Mean (SEM) gastric reflux volume decreased significantly following coeliac plexus block from 770 (50) ml to 60 (30) ml (p < 0.01). In the control group, gastric reflux remained unchanged over the corresponding periods (730 (60) ml c.f. 670 (50) ml). The response of gastric reflux volume to coeliac plexus block suggests that the mechanism is related to inhibition of sympathetic activity in patients whose sympathetic drive is increased due to the underlying neurological disease, and possibly due to sedation withdrawal symptoms.
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PMID:Coeliac plexus block with bupivacaine reduces intestinal dysfunction in neurosurgical ICU patients. 846 Jul 66

Numerous surveys of athletes reveal high rates of exertional abdominal pain and gastrointestinal dysfunction. These complaints often are thought to be self-limiting and benign, and they may be mediated by physiological changes that take place in the gastrointestinal tract. However, when these complaints interfere with an athlete's training or competition, it is important to evaluate for underlying pathology. The goal of this article will be to briefly describe the relevant exercise-associated changes of the gastrointestinal tract and provide a differential diagnosis and a proposed mechanism of evaluation of exertional abdominal pain. The etiologies most frequently written about include exercise-associated transient abdominal pain (ETAP or stitch), reflux, diarrhea, ischemia, and musculoskeletal pain. Less common etiologies include cardiorespiratory disease, and rare occurrences of hypoferritinemia, congenital supernumerary ligaments of the gallbladder, cholangitis, and pancreatitis have been published as case reports.
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PMID:Evaluation of the athlete with exertional abdominal pain. 2022 Mar 53

Oxygen free radicals in excessively high amounts are all very reactive chemically and can impose a detrimental influence on living organisms by provoking "oxidative stress" that can damage major cellular constituents. The latter includes the cell membrane, cytoplasmic proteins, and nuclear DNA. Conversely, nitric oxide (NO), superoxide anion, and related reactive oxygen species (ROS) when present in low amounts play an important role as regulatory mediators in signaling processes, through which, paradoxically, many ROS-mediated responses can protect the cells against oxidative stress by induction of "redox homeostasis." Therefore, diseases associated with free radical overproduction are provoked by "blazed ROS productions" far beyond the host's capacity to quench. Free radicals have been implicated in the pathogenesis of diverse gastrointestinal (GI) diseases including gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), gastritis, enteritis, colitis and associated cancers as well as pancreatitis and liver cirrhosis. This article provides an overview of the role of oxidative stress in inflammation-based GI tract diseases, including reflux esophagitis, Helicobacter pylori-associated gastritis, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced enteritis, ulcerative colitis, and associated colorectal cancer. The challenging issue that ROS can contribute to diverse gastrointestinal dysfunction, or manifest dual roles in cancer promotion or cancer suppression will also be discussed for the opportunity to enhance understanding of inflammation-based GI diseases.
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PMID:Oxidative stress in inflammation-based gastrointestinal tract diseases: challenges and opportunities. 2241 52

Post-pancreatitis diabetes mellitus (PPDM) is a sub-type of diabetes of the exocrine pancreas that develops after acute or chronic inflammation of the pancreas. While pro-inflammatory milieu, glucose metabolism, and lipid metabolism in PPDM have been investigated, little is known about gastrointestinal function in the post-pancreatitis setting. This article overviews studies on epidemiology and impact of gastroparesis in the setting of type 1 and type 2 diabetes, with a view to estimating the possible burden of gastrointestinal dysfunction in PPDM. Further, the usefulness of quantifying gastrointestinal dysmotility is discussed. The gastroparesis cardinal symptom index has emerged as a standardized gastrointestinal dysmotility endpoint and its use in individuals after pancreatitis is justified.
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PMID:Post-pancreatitis diabetes mellitus: towards understanding the role of gastrointestinal motility. 2991 34

A 25-year-old female yellow-naped Amazon parrot ( Amazona auropalliata) was presented for an acute onset of lethargy, ptyalism, and regurgitation. Results of hematologic testing and plasma biochemical analysis revealed severe leukopenia and heteropenia with toxic heterophils and marked hyperamylasemia and hypoproteinemia, consistent with gastrointestinal dysfunction. Survey radiograph findings were suggestive of coelomic effusion. Results of a contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) scan revealed a tubular, irregularly marginated structure along the medial aspect of the duodenum, consistent with an inflamed pancreas. The bird died soon after CT imaging, and acute necrotizing pancreatitis and pancreatic coagulative necrosis were observed at necropsy. This report describes the use of a less-invasive modality such as CT to aid in the antemortem diagnosis of acute pancreatitis in a psittacine bird. Pancreatitis should be considered a differential diagnosis in birds with gastrointestinal signs and coelomic effusion visualized on radiography, and the observation of an enlarged inflamed pancreas in the absence of a defined pancreatic mass on CT.
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PMID:Acute Necrotizing Pancreatitis in a Yellow-naped Amazon Parrot ( Amazona auropalliata). 3020 9