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Query: UMLS:C0030305 (pancreatitis)
 16,014 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An analysis of acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP) after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) was carried out. The incidence of ANP was 0.5% (5/914) for ERCP and 0.5% (2/370) for endoscopic sphincterotomies (EST). All the five patients were obese, middle-aged or older women. Four had a suspicion of common bile duct stones and the fifth a pancreatic tumour as an indication for ERCP. Two had most probably a functional sphincteric disorder and the third was without clear pathological findings. In the remaining two cases the bile duct cannulation failed and repeated pancreatic duct cannulation occurred; while in one case the pancreatic duct was not cannulated. The four pancreatographies were normal and without parenchymal opacification. Symptoms of acute pancreatitis started within 6 hours after ERCP. The pancreatitis was severe by Ranson criteria and necrotizing by evaluation at laparotomy. All the patients showed bacterial growth either in bile, blood or ascitic fluid early in the course of pancreatitis (E. coli, Str. faecalis or Klebsiella pneumoniae). The possible pathogenetic factors of post-ERCP ANP are discussed.
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PMID:Post-ERCP acute necrotizing pancreatitis. 246 49

Fiscal considerations prompted comparison of cefotaxime (a third generation cephalosporin) with cefamandole (a second generation cephalosporin) for prophylaxis in the surgical treatment of the biliary tract. One hundred and eight patients who underwent an operation upon the biliary tract received three 1 gram doses of cefotaxime (54 patients) or cefamandole (54 patients) at induction of anesthesia and then one and three hours later. The study was prospective, blinded and randomized. The groups (cefotaxime versus cefamandole) were statistically comparable for age, sex, diagnosis, type and duration of operation and positive cultures. The most prevalent bacteria isolated from qualitative aerobic and anaerobic cultures of bile and the wall of the gallbladder were Escherichia coli, Streptococcus and Klebsiella. The incidence of bactibilia in patients with one of these conditions was: 75 per cent for cancer; 69 per cent for patients more than 60 years old; 33 per cent for jaundice; 58 per cent for pancreatitis; 60 per cent for exploration of the common bile duct, and 22 per cent for acute cholecystitis. Microbiologic agar diffusion assays of tissue from the wall of the gallbladder, subcutaneous fat and rectus muscle and samples of bile and serum obtained 30 minutes after the second dose of antibiotic showed a statistically significant greater concentration of cefamandole in the wall of the gallbladder. Otherwise there was no difference between the concentration of cefamandole and cefotaxime. The groups showed no statistical difference for temperature of more than or equal to 38 degrees C. on two consecutive measurements, postoperative wound and urinary infections, postoperative hospital stay and days in the intensive care unit and incidence of readmission within a month. Prophylactic use of cefotaxime in a three dose regimen provided no advantage in prophylaxis compared with cefamandole.
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PMID:A comparison of cefotaxime versus cefamandole in prophylaxis for surgical treatment of the biliary tract. 310 45

Modern cephalosporins are of considerable importance for the therapy of severe infections by multiresistant organisms. According to in-vitro-findings on ampicillin-resistant E. coli as well as Klebsiella spp., Proteus spp., and serratia spp., altogether 159 strains, instead of cefotaxime nearly always also cefotiam can be used. The two remedies are clearly superior to cephalothin. cefotiam is ineffective to Pseudomonas aeruginosa. But in this case also cefotaxime is clearly inferior to azlocillin. In 6 of 7 casuistic instances the clinical effectiveness of cefotiam could be confirmed with good tolerability. The contemporary establishment of staph. aureus in mixed infections of serratiastaphylococci proved as as particular advantage. A primary therapeutic failure referred to a necrotizing pancreatitis, when no causative organism was proved, in which case also cefotaxime remained without any effect. Despite the improved individual medical possibilities the control of the infectious hospitalism by critical administration of antibiotics and improved hospital hygiene, particularly strict non-infection, must remain the pre-eminent task.
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PMID:[Microbiologic and clinical significance of cefotiam]. 385 92

To evaluate the rationale of using antibiotics in acute pancreatitis and to determine whether the indication for their use depends upon the etiology of the pancreatitis, the records of 202 patients with acute pancreatitis were retrospectively reviewed. The incidence of abnormal body temperature, leukocytosis, bacteremia and the results of biochemistry tests in different etiologies of the disease were investigated. Pancreatitis was found to be alcohol-related (47 patients), gallstone-related (105 patients), idiopathic (26 patients) and miscellaneous (24 patients). On admission, 83 patients had abnormal body temperature and 146 patients showed leukocytosis. Bacteremia occurred in 20 patients. Of these, 15 had gallstone-related pancreatitis, two had pancreatic cancers and one developed bacteremia after endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography (ERCP). These 18 patients had abnormal biochemistry results (including high serum levels of direct bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyltransferase) and dilated bile ducts on imaging studies, indicating biliary infections. The remaining two patients with bacteremia included one alcoholic patient and one patient with idiopathic pancreatitis. The most commonly involved pathogens were Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. In addition, eight patients (4%) developed secondary pancreatic infections during hospitalization; the blood cultures of seven of these patients were negative on admission. Although fever and leukocytosis are not good predictors of infection in acute pancreatitis our results showed that bacteremia is common in patients whose pancreatitis is related to gallstones, ERCP or pancreatic malignancy with obstructive jaundice. We recommend that antibiotics be used only in this subset of acute pancreatitis patients.
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PMID:Bacteremia in acute pancreatitis of different etiologies. 854 31

We have performed CT-guided percutaneous needle aspiration in 104 patients with severe pancreatitis strongly suspected of harboring pancreatic infection on the basis of systemic toxicity and CT findings (Balthazar CT grade D or E). Of these 104 patients, 51 (49%) were documented with pancreatic infection. Gram stain was positive in 54 of 58 infected aspirates, and culture was positive in all 58. Klebsiella, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus were the most frequent organisms. Eighty-six percent of infected processes contained only one organism. Overall, pancreatic infection was documented by GPA within the first 2 wk in approx one-half of patients. There were no complications. The overall rate of infection decreased from 60 (1980-1987) to 34% (1988-1995) (p = 0.011). This change was caused by a reduction in the rate of infected necrosis from 67 to 32% (p = 0.015). The overall mortality rate remained at 20%. The mortality of sterile pancreatitis was not different from infected pancreatitis (p = 0.14). We conclude that GPA is a safe, accurate method of diagnosis of pancreatic infection. The rate of pancreatic infection appears to be decreasing. The overall mortality of severe pancreatitis among patients suspected of harboring pancreatic infection has remained unchanged because of the high mortality associated with both infected necrosis and severe sterile necrosis.
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PMID:CT-guided aspiration of suspected pancreatic infection: bacteriology and clinical outcome. 870 99

Acute cholecystitis is a common disease which may carry the risk of complications, including empyema, perforation, abscess, peritonitis and sepsis. Percutaneous transhepatic drainage of the gallbladder (PTGBD) with antibiotics can provide prompt decompression of gallbladder in acute cholecystitis and interrupt the natural history of the disease effectively. From July 1986 to June 1996, 154 patients with acute cholecystitis were reviewed retrospectively in Kaohsiung Medical College Hospital. The chief symptoms and signs were pain (98.1%), fever (57.1%) and jaundice (37.7%). WBC count more than 10,000 was noted in 116 (75.3%) patients. Associated diseases included empyema: 42 (27.3%), septic shock: 14 (9.1%), diabetes mellitus: 13 (8.4%), pancreatitis: 10 (6.5%), perforation: 7 (4.5%), liver cirrhosis: 6 (3.9%) and respiratory failure: 1 (0.6%). All of them underwent ultrasound-guided PTGBD immediately after the diagnosis was established. The symptoms and signs disappeared soon after this procedure. Bacterial culture was found positive in 104 (67.5%) of 154 patients in which Escherichia coli (51.9%) was the most common organism, followed by Klebsiella pneumonia (20.2%). After acute stage, 138 patients obtained the cholangiography via PTGBD tube. Gallbladder stones were only noted in 56 (40.6%) patients, gallbladder stone concomitant with common bile duct stone in 26 (18.8%), cystic duct obstruction in 25 (18.1%), acalculous cholecystitis in 21 (15.2%), gallbladder perforation in 1 (0.7%), choledochocyst in 1 (0.7%), and cholecystocolonic fistula in 1 (0.7%). There were 135 patients to undergo surgery after the clinical condition was stable. The operative findings included gallbladder stones only in 88 (65.2%), gallbladder stone concomitant with common bile duct stone in 34 (25.2%), acalculous cholecystitis in 13 (9.6%), choledochocyst in 1 (0.7%), and cholecysto-colonic fistula in 1 (0.7%). The postoperative complications included wound infection 8 (5.9%), UGI bleeding 3 (2.2%), acute renal failure 1 (0.7%) and acute respiratory failure 1 (0.7%). The postoperative mortality rate was 0.7% (1/135), which was much lower than those of previous reports, which not undergoing PTGBD initially. It led us to conclude that PTGBD, as an initial preoperative modality to treat acute cholecystitis, is effective in decreasing postoperative morbidity and mortality.
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PMID:Ultrasound-guided percutaneous transhepatic drainage of gallbladder followed by cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis--10 years' experience. 951 85

A 68-year-old man underwent cholecystectomy and choledochoduodenostomy for biliary obstruction and nephrectomy for a renal tumor. Based on clinical and histopathologic findings, autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) was diagnosed. The renal tumor was diagnosed as a renal cell cancer. Steroid therapy was started and thereafter pancreatic inflammation improved. Five years after surgery, the patient was readmitted because of pyrexia in a preshock state. A Klebsiella pneumoniae liver abscess complicated by sepsis was diagnosed. The patient recovered with percutaneous abscess drainage and administration of intravenous antibiotics. Liver abscess recurred 1 mo later but was successfully treated with antibiotics. There has been little information on long-term outcomes of patients with AIP treated with surgery. To our knowledge, this is the second case of liver abscess after surgical treatment of AIP.
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PMID:Pyogenic liver abscess after choledochoduodenostomy for biliary obstruction caused by autoimmune pancreatitis. 1707 69

We report a case of intrauterine Klebsiella pneumoniae infection that resulted in premature rupture of membranes and fetal demise at 20 weeks' gestation in a pregnancy achieved by in vitro fertilization. Postmortem findings included massive panlobar pneumonia, the presence of abundant gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria within the pulmonary air spaces and the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract, and fetal lung and blood cultures positive for Klebsiella pneumoniae. The placenta showed severe acute chorioamnionitis associated with a brisk fetal inflammatory response (umbilical cord and chorionic plate vasculitis). Marked pancreatic fibrosis was noted, indicative of a preceding necrotizing pancreatitis. In spite of this fulminant histopathologic evidence of intrauterine infection, the infection was clinically silent. This represents, to our knowledge, the 1st reported case of fatal intrauterine Klebsiella pneumoniae infection fully supported by conclusive fetal and placental histopathological evidence.
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PMID:Intrauterine infection with Klebsiella pneumoniae: report of a case and literature review. 1793 47

Lithiasic cholecystitis is classically associated with the presence of enterobacteria, such as Escherichia coli, Enterococcus, Klebsiella, and Enterobacter, in the gallbladder. Cholecystitis associated with fungal infections is a rare event related to underlying conditions such as diabetes mellitus, steroid use, and broad-spectrum antibiotic use for prolonged periods, as well as pancreatitis and surgery of the digestive tract. Here, we present the first reported case of a gallbladder infection caused by Candida famata.
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PMID:Candida famata-induced fulminating cholecystitis. 2447 28

An 11-year-old female with spastic quadriplegia was seen in the emergency room with abdominal pain, vomiting and anorexia. Labs revealed possible pancreatitis and signs of a urinary tract infection. A CT scan was performed to assess her abdominal pain and demonstrated circumferential air within the bladder wall. Following cultures being drawn, she was started on broad spectrum antibiotics. Her urine eventually grew Klebsiella Pneumoniae. Follow up imaging 2 weeks later demonstrated resolution of the air. Emphysematous cystitis is an exceedingly rare condition in the pediatric population, with this report representing the second case within the literature.
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PMID:Pediatric emphysematous cystitis: a report and review of a rare diagnosis in children. 2626 32


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