Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0030305 (pancreatitis)
 16,014 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The frequency of diabetes is much higher in tropical calcific pancreatitis (TCP) as compared with alcoholic chronic pancreatitis. We report 97 patients with tropical calcific pancreatitis and compare the profile of 21 patients without diabetes (called TCP for the purpose of this report) with that of 76 patients with diabetes, called fibrocalculous pancreatic diabetes (FCPD) according to the World Health Organization (WHO) study group classification of diabetes. TCP patients were a decade younger and had marginally higher body mass indices (BMIs) as compared with the FCPD group. Of the TCP patients, 13 had abnormal glucose tolerance tests (GTT) and the others had normal GTT. Immunoreactive insulin (IRI) responses to glucose load in the TCP group did not differ significantly from that of the control group. This study shows the existence of early stages of glucose intolerance in TCP.
Pancreas 1992
PMID:Clinical and biochemical studies in the prediabetic phase of tropical calcific pancreatitis. 155 37

A 68-year-old woman with papillary adenoma of the pancreas with excessive mucin secretion is reported. The patient was initially diagnosed as having chronic pancreatitis because of a history of repeated attacks of pancreatitis and localized dilatation of the main pancreatic duct. Four years later, endoscopic retrograde pancreatography showed markedly diffuse dilatation of the entire main pancreatic duct with amorphous filling defects of mucin. Excretion of mucin was observed through the enlarged orifice of Vater's ampulla. The patient was treated with distal pancreatectomy, and papillary adenoma with abundant mucin in the cytoplasm was histologically demonstrated. We describe unique clinical features of "mucin-producing pancreatic tumor" and discuss an important role of endoscopic retrograde pancreatography in the diagnosis.
Pancreas 1992
PMID:Papillary adenoma of the pancreas with excessive mucin secretion. 155 39

This study was undertaken to determine the involvement of endogenous cholecystokinin (CCK) in the regeneration of pancreatic tissue after cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis treated by the CCK receptor antagonist L364,718. Acute pancreatitis was induced in rats by s.c. injections of cerulein in gelatin (12 micrograms/kg) three times a day for 2 days with controls receiving saline in gelatin. Rats were then divided into four treatment groups: saline-dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) (SD), saline-L364,718 (SA), cerulein-pancreatitis-DMSO (CD), and cerulein-pancreatitis-L364,718 (CA). In the first experiment, rats were treated for 3 or 10 days with DMSO or L364,718 (0.1 mg/kg, twice a day). In the second experiment, rats were treated for 13 days with DMSO or L364,718 (1.0 mg/kg, twice a day). After the rats were killed, pancreata were weighed and evaluated for their total protein, amylase, chymotrypsin, RNA, and DNA. We found that destruction of the pancreatic tissue occurred after cerulein-induced pancreatitis and that regeneration of the tissue was in progress but incomplete after 10 days; the low dose of L364,718 did not prevent regeneration. After 13 days, regeneration was still incomplete but the 1-mg dose of L364,718 strongly inhibited spontaneous regeneration. These data suggest that endogenous CCK is an important and potent trophic factor in the regeneration process of pancreatic tissue following an episode of acute pancreatitis.
Pancreas 1992
PMID:Involvement of endogenous cholecystokinin in pancreatic regeneration after cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis. 159 50

Kinetics and distribution of i.v. human pancreatic phospholipase A2 (h-PLA2) were determined in intact and nephrectomized rats, and tissue localization of rat pancreatic PLA2 (r-PLA2) was studied by immunohistochemistry in experimental acute pancreatitis. The concentration of h-PLA2 and the catalytic activity of phospholipase A2 in plasma decreased exponentially in intact and nephrectomized animals after the injection. The initial 15-min half-life was considerably longer in nephrectomized animals, and higher h-PLA2 concentrations and PLA2 catalytic activities were found in plasma. h-PLA2 was localized in endocytotic vesicles and apical cytoplasmic vacuoles in proximal tubule cells of the kidney. The intensity of the immunoreaction decreased considerably between 15 and 50 min in these cells. No signs of tubular damage were seen by light microscopy. Neither immunoreactive h-PLA2 nor PLA2 catalytic activity was found in urine. r-PLA2 was observed in proximal tubule cells 15 min after an injection of sodium taurocholate (necrotizing pancreatitis group) or saline (edematous pancreatitis group) into the pancreatic duct. Signs of tubular damage were present in necrotizing pancreatitis, but tubular morphology was normal in the animals with edematous pancreatitis. We conclude that the proximal tubule cells of the kidney participate in the metabolism of circulating pancreatic PLA2, and considerably higher PLA2 levels persist in plasma in nephrectomized animals. Endogenous pancreatic PLA2 is detected in kidneys in acute pancreatitis.
Pancreas 1992
PMID:Pancreatic phospholipase A2 in proximal tubules of rat kidney in experimental acute pancreatitis and after intravenous injection of the enzyme. 159 53

The effect of repetitive inductions of pancreatitis by supramaximal doses of cerulein on pancreatic morphology and collagen content was studied in the rat. Pancreatitis was induced nine times at intervals of about 20 days; 3 days after the last injection of cerulein, pancreatitis was still observed, as indicated by pancreatic weight loss, increase of protein-bound hydroxyproline content, acinar-cell destruction, cellular infiltration, and deposition of collagen fibers. However, 6 weeks later, no differences in the parameters mentioned above were observed between control and cerulein-treated animals. Thus, repetitive induction of pancreatitis in the rat, according to the experimental protocol we used, did not result in pancreatic fibrosis.
Pancreas 1992
PMID:Repetitive cerulein-induced pancreatitis and pancreatic fibrosis in the rat. 159 61

Pancreas divisum (PD), a congenital anatomic variant consisting of a separate pancreatic ductal system, is diagnosed in nearly 10% of patients for whom a successful pancreatogram was obtained. The relationship between PD and pancreatic disease is discussed since 1976. Some authors, reporting a higher incidence of pancreatitis in patients having two separate pancreatic ducts, proposed the concept of relative outflow obstruction of pancreatic juice through the accessory papilla. Based on the literature data and on our own experience, this review asserts that there is no definite evidence for PD being associated with a significantly risk of idiopathic pancreatitis. Discrepancies between epidemiological series could be explained by selection biases leading to an apparent association of PD and pancreatitis. An objective assessment of accessory papilla stenosis in patients with PD is not clearly available to give consistent results. Although controversies persist with regard to the actual abnormality of PD and the presence of stenosis into the accessory papilla, several endoscopic and/or surgical procedures have been proposed in an attempt to correct what is thought to be a stenosis of the orifice of the dorsal duct. More than 300 patients have been treated until now with variable and unpredictable results, these treatments are not devoid of complications. We conclude that PD should be considered as a frequent coincidental anatomic variant having no clinical significance in the great majority of patients and not requiring systematic further therapy.
 ...
PMID:Clinical significance of pancreas divisum. 163 45

The present studies were done to evaluate the therapeutic potential of several antioxidants and free radical scavengers in three different models of acute pancreatitis. (a) Edematous pancreatitis with acinar cells necrosis was induced by seven hourly intraperitoneal injections of 50 micrograms of caerulein per kg in mice. (b) Hemorrhagic pancreatitis was induced by feeding a choline-deficient, ethionine-supplemented (CDE) diet in mice. (c) Hemorrhagic pancreatitis was induced by retrograde infusion of 0.6 ml of 5% sodium taurocholate into the pancreatic duct in rats. The following antioxidants and free radical scavengers were given at various doses intravenously, subcutaneously, or intraperitoneally before the onset of pancreatitis: Ebselen [2-phenyl-1,2-benzisoselenazol-3(2H)-one], superoxide dismutase, catalase, deferoxamine (Desferal), dimethyl sulfoxide, or allopurinol. The severity of pancreatitis was assessed at various times after its onset by determination of serum amylase and pancreatic weight (edema), by grading of histological alterations, and by determination of survival (survival determined in models of hemorrhagic pancreatitis). In general, free radical scavengers and antioxidants ameliorated edema and inflammation to a greater degree than necrosis and the increase in serum amylase. Superoxide dismutase (as did Ebselen in previous studies) exerted beneficial effects on survival in diet-induced pancreatitis in the absence of marked effects on pancreatic necrosis, suggesting that these beneficial effects are due to amelioration of extrapancreatic complications that often contribute to mortality in acute pancreatitis. None of the antioxidants had major beneficial effects in taurocholate-induced hemorrhagic pancreatitis. Thus, formation of free radicals may be important for progression and outcome in diet-induced and, to a lesser degree, in caerulein-induced pancreatitis but not at all in taurocholate-induced pancreatitis. Different models of pancreatitis may, therefore, involve different degrees and mechanisms of free radical formation. Despite the amelioration of edema and the beneficial effects on mortality seen for some antioxidants in some of the models, antioxidants and free radical scavengers appear to have only a limited potential for treatment of acute pancreatitis.
Pancreas 1992
PMID:Effects of antioxidants and free radical scavengers in three different models of acute pancreatitis. 164 91

A 72-year-old man with recurrent pancreatitis and a horseshoe-shaped anomaly of the pancreas is described. The diagnosis was made by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and computed tomography scan; laparotomy was confirmatory. The abnormal duct branched to the lower left from an enlarged Santorini's duct; a thin Wirsung's duct was joined at its distal portion to the junction of the abnormal duct. The anomaly was associated with a cystic dilatation of the common bile duct with stone and cholecystolithiasis. This anomaly is considered to be a variation of the dominant dorsal duct syndrome.
Pancreas 1992
PMID:Horseshoe anomaly of the pancreas. 164 93

Pancreas-specific protein (PASP) was compared with serum amylase in 95 episodes of acute pancreatitis with the diagnoses supported by elevated amylase levels. The etiology was typical for Scandinavian countries, with alcohol as the predominant factor, followed by cholelithiasis. PASP values were clearly raised in all patients, except in three cases found to have high salivary-type amylase levels, and one patient with recurrent alcohol pancreatitis. The rise of PASP levels were in general more pronounced than the corresponding amylase elevations, especially in severe pancreatitis. The elevations were generally parallel for the two analytes, but in 41% of the cases PASP levels remained elevated 2-11 days longer than the corresponding amylase levels. PASP was, however, eliminated from the circulation at a rate comparable to that of amylase. The serum range of PASP for 259 healthy subjects was 15-111 micrograms/L with 95% of the values within 16-98 micrograms/L. The upper reference level was set at 100 micrograms/L. PASP levels were also determined for 291 patients with disorders other than acute pancreatitis. Serum levels in patients with renal insufficiency (n = 12), primary biliary cirrhosis (n = 9), and diabetes mellitus (n = 17) were equal to those in healthy subjects. Eight patients of 173 with acute abdominal disorders and no evidence of pancreatitis had elevated PASP levels as well as 4 patients with prostatic carcinoma (n = 28) and 2 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (n = 16). PASP values were low in chronic painful pancreatitis (n = 15) and pancreatic cancer (n = 11).
Pancreas 1990
PMID:A novel assay for pancreatic cellular damage: IV. Serum concentrations of pancreas-specific protein (PASP) in acute pancreatitis and other abdominal diseases. 168 89

This study was performed to assess the effects of misoprostol, a synthetic prostaglandin E1 analog, on cerulein-induced pancreatitis. Per group of 10 each, male Wistar rats received either cerulein (2.5 micrograms/kg/h subcutaneously), cerulein and misoprostol (500 micrograms/kg intraperitoneally at 0 and 4 h), or saline. Rats were killed 6 h after the first injection. Misoprostol treatment significantly reduced interstitial edema and acinar cell lesions induced by hyperstimulation. Pancreatic amylase and chymotrypsin contents were increased by cerulein and returned towards control levels in the misoprostol-treated group. The lysosomal volume density and the pancreatic beta-D-glucuronidase activity were significantly increased after hyperstimulation. The two parameters were significantly reduced by misoprostol. A protective effect of misoprostol against lesions induced by cerulein hyperstimulation would be a consequence of a lysosomal stabilizating effect.
Pancreas 1990 Mar
PMID:Protective effect of misoprostol, a synthetic prostaglandin E1 analog, on cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis in rats. 169 Apr 20


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>