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Query: UMLS:C0030305 (pancreatitis)
 16,014 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) activity was assayed in plasma and in pure pancreatic juice from eight patients with carcinoma of the pancreas, 28 patients with pancreatitis, and 13 controls with no demonstrable pancreatic disease. Juice specimens were obtained via direct transduodenal cannulation of the pancreatic duct. The mean pancreatic juice CEA activities in controls, pancreatitis, and pancreatic carcinoma were 8.1 ng/ml, 18.6 ng/ml, and 309 ng/ml, respectively. Pancreatic juice CEA activity in patients with cancer of that organ was significantly higher than in those with pancreatitis or in controls. None of the 32 subjects with both pancreatic juice CEA activity less than 30 ng/ml and plasma CEA less than 2.5 ng/ml had pancreatic cancer. Three of the four patients with CEA elevations in both fluids above these levels harbored this malignancy. These findings suggest that combined measurement of CEA activity in plasma and pancreatic juice may help in diagnosing pancreatic disease.
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PMID:Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) activity in pancreatic juice of patients with pancreatic carcinoma and pancreatitis. 100 Apr 75

Serum RNase (ribonuclease) of normal persons and of patients with pancreatitis, carcinoma of pancreas, or other neoplasms was determined with poly(C) as substrate. Strikingly abnormal elevations occur in the serum RNase of patients with pancreatic cancer. There is no elevation in the serum RNase level of patients with pancreatitis. Average serum RNase values of 52 normal persons, 10 patients with pancreatitis, 30 patients with pancreatic cancer, 28 patients with breast cancer, 11 patients with lung cancer, 20 patients with colon cancer, six patients with stomach cancer, and four patients with liver cancer, respectively, were 104, 120, 383, 131, 173, 197, 194, and 152 units/ml of serum. Ninety percent of the patients with pancreatic cancer were above the level of 250 units of serum and 90% of all patients with varied cancers were below this level. In the presence of severe renal insufficiency, marked elevation of serum RNase was also observed. Serum RNase, because of its unique specificity, pancreatic origin, and its abnormal elevation in sera of patients with pancreatic cancer, serves as a reliable biochemical marker of carcinoma of the pancreas in the presence of normal renal function.
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PMID:Elevated serum ribonuclease in patients with pancreatic cancer. 106 80

The epidemiological patterns for pancreatic and biliary cancers reveal more differences than similarities. Pancreatic carcinoma is common in western countries, although 2 Polynesian groups (New Zealand Maoris and native Hawaiians) have the highest rates internationally. In the United States the disease is rising in frequency, predominating in males and in blacks. The rates are elevated in urban areas, but geographic analysis uncovered no clustering of contiguous counties except in southern Louisiana. The origin of pancreatic cancer is obsure, but a twofold increased risk has been documented for cigarette smokers and diabetic patients. Alcohol, occupational agents, and dietary fat have been suspected, but not proven to be risk factors. Except for the rare hereditary form of pancreatitis, there are few clues to genetic predisposition. In contrast, the reported incidence of biliary tract cancer is highest in Latin American populations and American Indians. The tumor predominates in females around the world, except for Chinese and Japanese who show a male excess. In the United States the rates are higher in whites than blacks, and clusters of high-risk counties have been found in the north central region, the southwest, and Appalachia. The distribution of biliary tumors parallels that of cholesterol gallstones, the major risk factor for biliary cancer. Insights into biliary carcinogenesis depend upon clarification of lithogenic influences, such as pregnancy, obesity, and hyperlipoproteinemia, exogenous estrogens, familial tendencies, and ethnic-geographic factors that may reflect dietary habits. Noncalculous risk factors for biliary cancer include ulcerative colitis, clonorchiasis, Gardner's syndrome, and probably certain industrial exposures. Within the biliary tract, tumors of the gallbladder and bile duct show epidemiological distinctions. In contrast to gallbladder cancer, bile duct neoplasms predominate in males; they are less often associated with stones and more often with other risk factors. In some respects, bile duct and pancreatic tumors are alike. The male predominance of both tumors, an association between cholecystectomy and pancreatic cancer, and other considerations have prompted the notion that the same biliary carcinogens may affect the bile duct, ampulla of Vater, or, by reflux, the pancreatic duct. Various epidemiological and interdisciplinary approaches are needed to further clarify the origins of biliary tract and pancreatic cancers, but nutritional studies hold special promise in laying the groundwork for prevention of these tumors.
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PMID:Cancers of the pancreas and biliary tract: epidemiological considerations. 110 53

To explore the feasibility of retrograde pancreatic venography, transhepatic portal catherization via jugular and hepatic veins was performed in 10 dogs. Coaxially introduced catheters were then used to enter individual pancreatic veins for retrograde venography. Appropriate injection technique led to detailed visualization of the pancreatic venous system without anatomically evident injury to the pancreas. The (readily avoidable) injection of contrast agent through catheters wedged into pancreatic veins caused parenchymal extravasation and hemorrhagic pancreatitis. The detection of pancreatic cancer in patients not approachable by arteriography and the intensified search for small islet cell tumors are possible indications for pancreatic venography when the safety of this method is further demonstrated.
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PMID:Retrograde pancreatic venography. An experimental study. 111 Sep 91

Chronic pancreatitis and carcinoma of the pancreas are being diagnosed with increasing frequency throughout the world. When both occur together, the question of their causal relationship arises. Secondary chronic pancreatitis following carcinoma of the pancreas is relatively frequent and can be proven histologically in at least 10% of pancreatic cancers. How often primary chronic pancreatitis develops into carcinoma is controversial. So far, there are only a few prospective clinical studies of chronic pancreatitis which cover this problem. We have followed 146 cases of chronic pancreatitis for an average of 8.7 years. Two thirds of our patients show pancreatic calcifications. Our series includes a family with congenital pancreatic insufficiency. So far only one adenocarcinoma of the head of the pancreas has been diagnosed in a 58-year-old male. Another 57-year-old male patient died from a solid metastatic carcinoma, probably of pancreatic origin. Therefore, the incidence of pancreatic cancer in our series is 0.7 and 1.4% respectively. However, 8 more patients suffering from extrapancreatic malignancies have turned up during the follow-up period: 2 cancers of the tongue, 2 colonic carcinomas, 2 bladder papillomas, and 1 bronchial and 1 gastric carcinoma. Our studies indicate that carcinoma of the pancreas probably does not occur more frequently in chronic non-hereditary pancreatitis than in the average population. A review of the literature suggests that there may be a higher incidence of carcinoma in families with hereditary chronic pancreatitis. The frequency of extrapancreatic cancer in our patients is remarkable. As pancreatic carcinoma is rare in chronic pancreatitis there is no reason for early aggressive surgery, e.g. pancreatectomy, in these patients.
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PMID:[Pancreatic carcinoma in chronic pancreatitis]. 114 57

To clarify the relationship between the diminution of the serum protease inhibitor capacity and the severity of pancreatitis, the binding capacity of serum protease inhibitors for exogenous elastase 1 (E1) was investigated by gel filtration, the elastase activity of the alpha 2-macroglobulin (alpha 2-M)-elastase complex was measured, and the relationship between these findings and the severity of pancreatitis was studied in 13 patients with pancreatic disease and 6 healthy subjects. When 125I-labeled E1 was added to the sera of healthy subjects, it bound to alpha 2-M and alpha 1-protease inhibitor (alpha 1-PI) with a mean ratio of 72:28. In mild acute pancreatitis (n = 5), the binding capacity of alpha 2-M was less than that in healthy subjects. In severe pancreatitis (n = 4), most of the exogenous E1 bound to alpha 1-PI (alpha 2-M vs. alpha 1-PI, 13:87). This diminution in the binding capacity of alpha 2-M correlated well with the severity of acute pancreatitis. In the sera of patients (n = 4) with pancreatic cancer containing much immunoreactive E1, the proportion of exogenous E1 bound by alpha 2-M and alpha 1-PI (25:75) was similar to that seen in severe acute pancreatitis. A significant inverse relationship between the binding capacity of alpha 2-M and the activity of the endogenous elastase bound to alpha 2-M was seen in various pancreatic diseases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Serum protease inhibitor capacity for elastase and the severity of pancreatitis. 128 Mar 65

The expressions of epidermal growth factors (EGF), epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR), and the c-erbB-2 oncoprotein were immunohistochemically examined in 25 cases of human pancreatic carcinoma and epineoplastic pancreatitis and in 10 non-cancerous/non-inflammatory pancreatic tissues. The positive rates of EGF, EGFR, and the c-erbB-2 oncoprotein in cancer tissues were 72%, 36%, and 28%, respectively. EGF was stained mainly in the cytoplasm and partly on the surfaces of the cancer cells. EGFR and the c-erbB-2 oncoprotein were stained mainly on the surfaces of the cancer cells and partly in the cytoplasm. The expressions of these 3 products correlated significantly with tumor invasion into the anterior and posterior areas surrounding the pancreas. In the EGF, EGFR, and c-erbB-2 positive cancer tissues, some stromal cells, that is fibroblasts and endothelial cells, were also positive. In the adjacent pancreatic tissues with inflammation, these products were noted in some ductal cells, acinar cells, fibroblasts and endothelial cells. No distinct staining was detected in non-cancerous/non-inflammatory tissues. The survival period for patients who tested positive for these three proteins was statistically shorter than for those who tested negative. These results suggest that the coexpression of EGF and EGFR and the expression of the c-erbB-2 oncoprotein are related to the existence of the invasion of human pancreatic cancer. Furthermore, an immunohistochemical examination of these three products is useful in forming a prognosis for pancreatic cancer patients.
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PMID:The immunohistochemical expressions of epidermal growth factors, epidermal growth factor receptors and c-erbB-2 oncoprotein in human pancreatic cancer. 134 73

Following partial pancreaticoduodenectomy for periampullary and pancreatic cancer, the complication and mortality rates are particularly high. Various approaches have aimed at improving the postoperative result, with less than complete success. The discouraging results of others, and our own dissatisfaction, led us to evaluate an atraumatic, sutureless method for management of the residual gland. Following head resection, the remaining pancreas is occluded with a fibrin sealant (Tisseel c, Immuno AG, Vienna) via injection into the pancreatic duct, which is then ligated and left free in the peritoneal cavity. Among 44 patients treated with this method, there were no perioperative deaths. Three patients developed local complications (2 fistulae, 1 pancreatitis) due to technical errors that presumably resulted in incomplete occlusion. Evaluation of patients after two to three years indicates that the endocrine function of the pancreas has been largely conserved despite ductal occlusion.
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PMID:Partial pancreaticoduodenectomy (Whipple procedure) for pancreatic malignancy: occlusion of a non-anastomosed pancreatic stump with fibrin sealant. 135 20

Expression of intermediate filaments (IF) is regulated during development and differentiation. The authors have studied the expression of vimentin and cytokeratins (CK) 4, 7, 8, 13, 18, 19 in normal pancreas, chronic pancreatitis, and pancreas cancer using monoclonal antibodies. Immunohistochemical assays were performed on fresh frozen tissue sections and on cultured pancreas cancer cells using the streptavidin-peroxidase method. In normal pancreas, acinar cells expressed CK 8 and 18, whereas ductal cells expressed CK 7, 8, 18, and 19. CK 4 was expressed by 5-10% of pancreas duct cells in all specimens of normal pancreas. CK 13 was not detected in any epithelial cells of normal pancreas or pancreatitis. CK 7, 8, 18, and 19 were homogeneously expressed in all pancreas cancers, whereas CK 4 was expressed only in 5-50% of cells in 10/16 tumors. Foci of squamous metaplasia expressed CK 13 but showed partial loss of expression of CK 7, 8, 18, and 19. Thirteen pancreas cancer cell lines examined showed homogeneous expression of CK 7, 8, 18, and 19; 2/11 lines expressed CK 4 weakly, and 6/11 expressed vimentin. CK 13 was not detected in any of the lines. These results indicate that pancreas cancer cells consistently express cytokeratin polypeptides characteristic of ductal epithelial cells and that this phenotype is retained in pancreas cancer cell lines. In addition, squamous metaplasia is associated with a coordinate change in the expression of CK polypeptides.
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PMID:Intermediate filaments as differentiation markers of normal pancreas and pancreas cancer. 137 55

We measured urinary levels of free L-fucose in healthy subjects, patients with benign diseases, and patients with cancer using an automated analyzer and a newly isolated L-fucose dehydrogenase, and evaluated the clinical usefulness of the results. The values obtained were corrected for urinary creatinine as micromoles per gram of creatinine. The cutoff value, set at the mean + 2SD for the healthy subjects, was 250 mumol/g.Cr. Patients with gallbladder cancer, bile-duct cancer, liver cancer, pancreatic cancer, or cirrhosis of the liver had significantly higher levels of L-fucose than the healthy subjects. The diagnostic sensitivity for these five diseases, taken together, was 68% (144/213). Specificity for the detection of cancer was calculated by use of false positives for patients with cholelithiasis, hepatitis, and pancreatitis: it was 73% (76/104). Diagnostic accuracy for these seven diseases taken together was therefore 69% (220/317). We compared the positive ratio of the L-fucose level with that of the tumor markers AFD and CA19-9. The positive ratio of an L-fucose value above the cutoff was higher than the positive ratio of either marker in bile-duct cancer, gallbladder cancer, liver cancer, and pancreatic cancer. The results suggested that the urinary levels of free L-fucose reflected the metabolism of sugar chains of glycoconjugates, and may be usefully clinically as a tumor marker.
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PMID:[Clinical assessment of urinary free L-fucose levels]. 140 61


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