Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0030305 (pancreatitis)
 16,014 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The main pancreatic duct in cats possesses a relatively strong barrier to the diffusion of bicarbonate ions (HCO3-). We studied some of the characteristics of this barrier by perfusing the duct with a solution similar in composition to pancreatic juice before and after exposing the duct mucosa to various test agents. The difference in net flux of HCO3- across the duct before and after exposure to the test agent reflected damage to the barrier. The barrier was damaged by infected bile, aspirin (pH 2.3), hydrochloric acid (pH 2.3), ethanol (5 to 10 per cent), and secondary bile acids. It was not damged by sterile bile, aspirin (pH 6.5), and primary bile acids. These data indicate that the barrier to back diffusion in the pancreatic duct has unique properties, different in some respects from the properties of the gastric mucosal barrier. Furthermore, the barrier is vulnerable to some agents thought possibly to have a role in the pathogenesis of pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer.
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PMID:The pancreatic duct mucosal barrier. 3 7

Cancerembryonic antigen (CEA) and beta2-microglobulin (beta2m) have been measured in cancer patients and patients with benign diseases. Of 168 patients with intestinal cancer, almost 90% had increasing concentrations of either CEA or beta2m or both. In 29 patients at different stages of pancreatic cancer there was a high incidence of increased values in the more severe cases. In 60 patients with histologically classified colorectal cancer the TNomegaMomega group of 19 patients had 47% and 42% of elevated beta2m and CEA respectively. A significant correlation of beta2m or CEA to extension of disease was noted. In benign intestinal disease like cirrhosis and pancreatitis both beta2m and CEA is commonly elevated. Of 26 breast cancer patients, seven had elevated CEA and five had elevated beta2m values before treatment. In the patients with extraganglionary metastasis almost 90% had high beta2m or CEA or both. Of 40 patients with uterine cancer, 26 were found to have increased values of beta2m or CEA or both. Finally, 140 colorectal cancer patients, 62 patients with breast cancer and 10 patients with uterine cancer have been followed longitudinally.
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PMID:[beta2-Microglobulin in cancer patients (author's transl)]. 8 77

Clinical observations on two cases of staphylodermia superficialis circinata are reported. This rare variation of superificial staphylococcal skin infection is identical with the "erythema necroticans migrans". As this cutaneous manifestation is highly associated with malignant internal diseases it must be regarded as a "cutaneous paraneoplasia". Out of 14 cases of erythema necroticans migrans, so far published this dermatosis occured in 13 patients suffering from pancreatic cancer. Association with pancreatitis was demonstrated in one case. In both cases herein reported the cutaneous manifestations were associated with a carcinoma of the pancreas and with cervix cancer. Extreme loss of weight, atrophic glossitis, therapy-resistant anemia and a slight diabetes are extra-cutaneous symptoms of this paraneoplastic syndrom.
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PMID:[Staphylodermia superficialis circinata. The 5th obligatory cutaneous paraneoplasia]. 19 72

Serum RNase (RNase I; ribonuclease 3'-pyrimidino-oligonucleotidohydrolase, EC 3.1.4.22) activity (mean +/- SD) with polycytidine as substrate was determined in normal individuals (24.9 +/- 3.0 units/ml) and in patients with pancreatic cancer (37.3 +/- 14.8), pancreatitis (38.5 +/- 12.6), nonpancreatic diseases (48.7 +/- 14.8), or renal failure (175.8 +/- 92.8). Patients with pancreatic cancer could not be distinguished from those with pancreatitis or with nonpancreatic disease, although the RNase activities in all of these differed from the activity in normal individuals. The serum RNase activities of four patients with resectable "curable") pancreatic carcinoma and two others with advanced pancreatic cancer without obstructive jaundice were normal. After total pancreatectomy, serum RNase activity remained in the high-normal range. The data presented here and data in the literature show that serum RNase cannot be of primarily pancreatic origin. The present study also demonstrates that measurement of its activity is not useful in early detection of pancreatic cancer.
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PMID:Serum RNase in the diagnosis of pancreatic carcinoma. 28 51

Bacterial infections of the pancreas and bacteremia may occur during episodes of pancreatitis. Detection of bacterial infections of the pancreas in the past has required laparotomy. The present study was undertaken to determine whether bacterial infection of the pancreas occurred during nonsuppurative pancreatitis. During endoscopic cannulation of the main pancreatic duct, secretin was administered intravenously and pancreatic juice aspirated from within the duct was cultured. Bacterial infections were detected in 11 of 35 patients with pancreatitis and 3 of 5 with pancreatic cancer. The pancreatic juice was sterile in 25 controls. Cultures from the common bile duct in 9 controls were also sterile whereas 4 of 6 with pancreatitis showed infected bile. The infecting organisms were principally gram-negative and the infections were usually polymicrobial. Antibiotics, where used, successfully eradicated the infecting organisms but did not appear to affect the patient's clinical course.
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PMID:Detection of bacterial infection of the pancreatic ducts in patients with pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer during endoscopic cannulation of the pancreatic duct. 33 75

A modified leukocyte adherence inhibition assay was performed on white blood cells from patients with ductal pancreatic cancer, other malignancies, benign gastrointestinal diseases including pancreatitis, and healthy controls, using four different ductal pancreatic cancer membrane preparations and similar preparations from gastric and colorectal cancers. A mean adherence index of less than or equal to 0.2 was evidence that the leukocytes "recognized" the antigen(s). In 9 of 10 patients with localized pancreatic cancer, 13 of 15 leukocyte populations "recognized" the pancreatic cancer antigen(s) and not other tested antigen(s). Leukocytes from only 11 of 18 patients (17 of 29 assays) with metastatic pancreatic cancer "recognized" the pancreatic tumor antigen (and no other antigen). The inability to recognize the pancreatic tumor antigen(s) was not related to nutritional, biochemical or therapeutic status of the patient, but was related to the demonstration of a response to skin test antigens. In contrast, 3 of 35 leukocyte populations in 2 of 31 patients with malignancies other than pancreatic, 1 of 28 with benign gastrointestinal disease, and one of 38 healthy control populations "recognized" the antigen. The LAI is worthy of further study in the differential diagnosis of pancreatic cancer.
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PMID:Selectivity of the micro-leukocyte adherence inhibition assay in pancreatic cancer. 37 83

Tumor-specific immunity to carcinoma of the colon, pancreas and stomach was assayed by tube LAI. Cancers of the colon, pancreas and stomach, were shown to possess organ-type specific neoantigens. In 115 patients with colon cancer, 100%, 75%, 61% with Dukes' A, B and C cancer were LAI positive, respectively. Even a microfocus of in situ cancer in a colon adenoma was sufficient to stimulate measurable tumor-specific immunity in the host. In Dukes' D cancer, 25% of patients with widespread metastasis were positive, whereas 100% with solitary lesions were positive. Reactive leukocytes from patients with colon cancer did not react to extracts of normal bowel mucosa or villous adenoma from LAI-negative patients. Leukocytes from 19% (3 of 16) of patients with colon adenomas reacted to the extract of colon cancer but not normal colon mucosa. Moreover, the LAI-positive response of the patients with colon adenomas or colon cancer is directed to a colon cancer TSA which is linked to beta2-microglobulin. These studies suggest that some colon adenomas express TSA before morphological evidence of cancer. It is not known if the acquisition of a cell surface TSA is an irreversible step toward unrestrained growth and metastasis. In pancreatic cancer, 100% of patients with cancers less than 5 cm and without metastasis were LAI positive, whereas 29% were positive when the cancer was greater than 5 cm or had metastasized. In Patients with stomach cancer, 100% with Stage II and 46% with Stage III and IV cancer were LAI-positive. Leukocytes from patients with other GIT cancers and from patients with inflammatory bowel disease or pancreatitis did not react with extracts of colon, stomach or pancreatic cancer. Leukocytes from patients with metastatic cancer, usually did not react in the tube LAI assay because their surfaces were coated in vivo with TSA. LAI reactivity was present when CEA was not detectable and when CEA levels were elevated LAI activity was often absent. The present study suggests that the automated tube LAI shows sufficient promise to warrant studies to determine its efficacy for the diagnosis of GIT cancers.
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PMID:Tube leukocyte adherence inhibition (LAI) assay in gastrointestinal (GIT) cancer. 37 89

Precise relationships between pancreatic ductal obstruction and pancreatic secretory capacity have not been established. In this study, we describe the quantitative relationships between the lengths of opacified ducts obtained at retrograde pancreatography and the secretory capcity of the gland for volume, bicarbonate, lipase, and trypsin. Forty-five patients (17 with pancreatic cancer, 6 pancreatitis, 5 other malignancies, and 17 nonmalignant, nonpancreatic disease found at laparotomy) were studied with a method of duodenal intubation and perfusion with basal saline perfusion alone or with continuous intravenous infusion of secretin or of cholecystokinin-pancreozymin. Secretory outputs of volume, bicarbonate, and enzymes compared with the length of opacified ducts showed a significant (P less than 0.05) linear relationship for patients with pancreatic cancer, pancreatitis, and other cancers. The resulting data imply that obstruction of the pancreatic duct is important in decreasing secretion of the pancreas in pancreatic disease. The relationship between obstruction and pancreatic secretion demonstrates that a decrease in exocrine pancreatic secretion cannot be detected until more than 60% of the total length of the main pancreatic duct has been obstructed.
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PMID:The relationships between pancreatic ductal obstruction and pancreatic secretion in man. 43 Nov 21

Eighty-five of 186 patients investigated for suspected pancreatic cancer had an unequivocal final diagnosis of either pancreatic cancer (58 patients) or chronic pancreatitis (27 patients). They had been studied prospectively using ultrasonography, computerized tomography, radionuclide scanning, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), selective celiac and superior mesenteric angiography, duodenal drainage studies, cytologic studies, serum carcinoembryonic antigen assay, and pancreatic oncofetal antigen assay, The results were compared to determine which test would most frequently and reliably differentiate between pancreatic cancer and pancreatitis in a patient believed to have one or other disease. Criteria for interpreting results, first for highest rate of correct diagnoses, and second for highest accuracy were derived. Applying these criteria, ultrasonography achieved the highest rate of correct diagnoses (97% of patients diagnosed with 84% accuracy). ERCP, duodenal drainage studies, and cytology were the most accurate tests ((86% accuracy each test) but, with this accuracy, ERCP most frequently gave a diagnosis (diagnosis rate: ERCP--70%, duodenal drainage--32%, cytology--35%). The results suggest that ultrasonography is the best noninvasive test, and that a combination of ERCP, pancreatic juice assay and cytology in a single procedure may prove to be the best discriminating investigation.
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PMID:Non-operative differentiation between pancreatic cancer and chronic pancreatitis. 44 2

To evaluate diagnostic usefulness for pancreatic cancer, serum ribonuclease (RNase) level was determined in three groups of subjects; 1) normal volunteers as control, 2) patients with histologically determined pancreatic cancer, and 3) patients with miscellaneous diseases other than pancreatic cancer. A small increase of RNase values was recognized with age in the normal subjects and in the patients with nonpancreatic diseases, if renal function was normal. The mean RNase level in the control subjects was 97 +/- 41.2 units. A marked elevation of serum RNase level was demonstrated in the patients with pancreatic cancer (p less than 0.001) and in the patients with renal dysfuction, but no significant rise was noticed in the patients with pancreatitis. Mean values of RNase in the patients with pancreatic cancer and renal dysfuncton were 368 +/- 146 units and 342 +/- 78.1 units respectively. RNase values above 300 units were recognized in 15(71%) out of 21 patients with pancreatic cancer. Seven cases with elevated RNase over 300 units other than non-pancreatic malignancy and renal dysfunction were noticed in 6 instances of obstructive jaundice and in one instance of early gastric cancer (an 84-year-old male). The above-stated findings indicate that serum RNase determinations can be utilized as a diagnostic indicator for pancreatic cancer.
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PMID:Assessment of the clinical usefulness of serum ribonuclease assays: an indicator for the detection of pancreatic cancer. 44 87


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