Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0030305 (pancreatitis)
 16,014 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Technical advances of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), including ultrahigh-field magnetic resonance at 3.0 T, parallel imaging techniques, and multichannel receive coils of the abdomen, have promoted MRI of the pancreas. For adenocarcinoma, which is the most common malignant pancreatic tumor, helical CT has been most often used for detection and staging, but it has limitations in the detection of small cancers 2 cm in diameter or less (sensitivity, 63%). Moreover, it is not very accurate in determining nonresectability, because small liver metastases, peritoneal carcinomatosis, and subtle signs of vascular infiltration may be missed. At ultrahigh field at 3.0 T, gadolinium-enhanced MRI using volume-interpolated 3-dimensional gradient-recalled echo pulse sequences with near-isotropic voxels are very useful for detection of subtle abnormalities. Mangafodipir-enhanced MRI reveals a very high tumor-pancreas contrast, which helps to diagnose small cancers. Contrast-enhanced MRI is a problem-solving tool in case of equivocal CT: it helps to differentiate between cancer and focal pancreatitis. Neuroendocrine carcinoma may present with a spectrum of appearances at MRI, but the primary tumor and liver metastases are hypervascular in approximately 70%. In this article, pancreas imaging protocols for 1.5 and 3.0 T are explained. We present the imaging features of pancreatic cancer and the important questions in staging, which should be addressed by the radiologist.
 ...
PMID:State-of-the-art magnetic resonance imaging of pancreatic cancer. 1830

Primary neuroendocrine carcinoma of the gallbladder is extremely rare because normal gallbladder mucosa does not contain neuroendocrine cells. Neuroendocrine cells can be detected at sites of intestinal metaplasia induced by chronic inflammation, which may be the initial step in the development of neuroendocrine tumor of the gallbladder. Anomalous union of the pancreaticobiliary duct (AUPBD) is an uncommon congenital anomaly that is frequently associated with choledocholithiasis, cholangitis, pancreatitis, and cancer of the gallbladder or bile duct. In AUPBD, cancers of the gallbladder and bile duct can be induced by chronic inflammation. We report herein a case of large-cell neuroendocrine tumor of the gallbladder associated with AUPBD.
 ...
PMID:A case of primary neuroendocrine carcinoma of the gallbladder associated with anomalous union of the pancreaticobiliary duct. 2043 53

Duodenal intussusception is a rare entity. To date, only a few cases have been reported in the literature. In this report, a case of duodenal intussusception due to an unusual tumor was presented and the clinical features of this entity were discussed. A 42-year-old man with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome presented with epigastric pain, vomiting, and severe anemia. Computed tomography scan revealed synchronous duodenojejunal and jejunojejunal intussusceptions. An emergency laparotomy revealed a polypoid mass originating from the lateral wall of the descending duodenum with intussusception of the distal duodenum. Histological examination demonstrated a poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma with muscularis infiltration, vascular invasion, and a Ki-67 index of 20%. A comprehensive literature search revealed 44 English reports that provided adequate descriptions of an additional 47 such cases. Clinical presentation was usually chronic and nonspecific. Diagnostic modalities included ultrasonography, upper gastrointestinal series, computed tomography, and endoscopy. Five patients were due to a non-neoplastic lesion; however, the other 43 patients were secondary to a tumor, benign in 35 cases and malignant in eight cases. Only one patient was treated by endoscopic polypectomy, whereas the remaining underwent open surgeries. Duodenal intussusception is a challenging condition due to its rarity and nonspecific presentation. It should be considered in the differential diagnosis of gastric outlet obstruction, upper gastrointestinal bleeding, pancreatitis, and obstructive jaundice.
 ...
PMID:Duodenal intussusception due to a giant neuroendocrine carcinoma in a patient with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome: case report and systematic review. 2235 85

At present, no effective chemotherapy for pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinoma (PNEC) exists. However, anti-angiogenic therapy is expected to be effective for PNEC, a hypervascular tumor. We treated PNEC and hypovascular pancreatic ductal cell carcinoma (DCC) cell lines with the anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) antibody bevacizumab, and compared the antitumor effect between the two different types of cell lines. The PNEC cell line QGP-1 and the DCC cell lines BxPC-3 and AsPC-1 were used. We evaluated the ability of the cell lines to proliferate and secrete VEGF in vitro, the antitumor effect of bevacizumab administration in vivo and the side effects of bevacizumab on the pancreas in a caerulein-induced pancreatitis model. Comparison of the QGP-1 and DCC cell lines showed that QGP-1 secreted a higher level of VEGF under a hypoxic environment than the DCC cell line, and bevacizumab exerted the most marked growth-inhibitory effect on QGP-1; the number of intratumoral blood vessels decreased and the percentage of proliferating cells was approximately the same. In the pancreatitis model, bevacizumab administration did not adversely affect the pancreatitis or the associated hypoxic environment. Bevacizumab does not affect the pancreas itself; therefore, its potent inhibitory effect on the growth of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors alone can be expected.
 ...
PMID:Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor antibody single therapy for pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinoma exhibits a marked tumor growth-inhibitory effect. 2297 18

Non Hodgkin lymphoma frequently involves the gastrointestinal tract, in particular the stomach and the small bowel. Rarely, it can also be a cause of pancreatic masses. Clinical presentation is often non-specific and may overlap with other pancreatic conditions such as carcinoma, neuroendocrine tumours and autoimmune pancreatitis. We report a case of primary pancreatic lymphoma in a young woman with jaundice, fever and abdominal pain mimicking autoimmune pancreatitis. Clinical evaluation included the abdominal Computed Tomography scan, Magnetic Resonance Imaging and an upper gastrointestinal endoscopy that revealed a large duodenal mass. Endoscopic biopsies were performed and eventually histological examination was coherent with a diagnosis of primary pancreatic lymphoma.
...
PMID:A case of primary pancreatic non-Hodgkin B-cell lymphoma mimicking autoimmune pancreatitis. 2640 14