Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0030305 (pancreatitis)
 16,014 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Variations in urinary kallikrein in pancreatic diseases were ascertained, and possible influencing factors were investigated. Serum amylase and urinary excretion of glandular kallikrein, pancreatic ribonuclease (RNase), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and amylase were measured in 24 control subjects, 39 patients with pancreatic cancer, 49 with pancreatitis and 63 with extra-pancreatic diseases. Urinary kallikrein was found to be elevated in a substantial number of patients with pancreatitis. Higher levels were detected in patients with a relapse, which was diagnosed using clinical and biochemical examinations. RNase was also increased in a high number of patients with pancreatic diseases, but was not correlated with pancreatic damage. In patients with pancreatitis, a correlation was found between urinary kallikrein and RNase excretions. No correlations were found between kallikrein and serum or urinary amylase and GGT. We can conclude that urinary kallikrein excretion increases in pancreatitis, especially when a phlogistic involvement of the pancreas is present; this condition may lead to a release of this ultrafiltrable enzyme in the circulation. Renal tubular damage, which determines a reduced reabsorption of this enzyme, seems to play a concomitant but minor role in this process.
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PMID:Urinary kallikrein excretion in chronic pancreatic diseases. 172 73

An obvious hypertriglyceridemia was detected in 22.8% of the 57 investigated patients with acute pancreatitis. A type IV or V hyperlipoproteinemia could precede the onset of pancreatitis but the level of serum triglyceride greatly increased during the acute attack and had a tendency towards normalization later on. Increased serum gamma-glutamyltransferase activity was found to be especially high in alcoholic patients and in those presenting biliary disease.
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PMID:[Serum lipids and gamma-glutamyltransferase in acute pancreatitis]. 287 72

Pancreatic juice gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT, EC 2.3.2.2) has been proposed as a marker of pancreatic disease. We have collected pancreatic juice endoscopically from 24 control patients and 43 patients with a variety of hepatic, pancreatic, and biliary disorders. Pancreatic juice GGT, alanine transaminase (ALT, EC 2.6.1.2), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP, EC 3.1.3.1) were measured and found to be present in all samples. GGT was significantly higher in patients with pancreatic cancer (range 21-1175 IU/liter, P less than 0.005) compared with controls (range 2-52 IU/liter). Of 17 patients with pancreatic juice GGT concentrations greater than 52 IU/liter, eleven had definite pancreatic disease (seven pancreatic cancer, four chronic pancreatitis) and, in the remaining six, pancreatitis was possible although not proven. Pancreatic juice ALT and ALP provided no useful diagnostic criteria. GGT in pancreatic juice seems to be a nonspecific marker of pancreatic disease and merits further study.
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PMID:Pancreatic juice gamma-glutamyltransferase, alanine transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase in pancreatic disease. 610 99

Antemortem and postmortem sera from 60 dogs were evaluated for lipase, amylase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, and alanine aminotransferase (AAT); cerebrospinal fluid was examined for AAT and alkaline phosphatase. The postmortem intervals were 3, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h at temperatures of 4, 20, and 37 degrees C. Amylase levels remained stable at 4 and 20 degrees C and may be beneficial for diagnosing pancreatitis. Lipase levels may be useful as an adjunct to amylase values. Serum alkaline phosphatase values increased with postmortem interval; values were higher at 37 degrees C than at 4 degrees C. Other enzymes were of little value for diagnosis.
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PMID:Postmortem sera and cerebrospinal fluid enzymes. 615 26

To evaluate the rationale of using antibiotics in acute pancreatitis and to determine whether the indication for their use depends upon the etiology of the pancreatitis, the records of 202 patients with acute pancreatitis were retrospectively reviewed. The incidence of abnormal body temperature, leukocytosis, bacteremia and the results of biochemistry tests in different etiologies of the disease were investigated. Pancreatitis was found to be alcohol-related (47 patients), gallstone-related (105 patients), idiopathic (26 patients) and miscellaneous (24 patients). On admission, 83 patients had abnormal body temperature and 146 patients showed leukocytosis. Bacteremia occurred in 20 patients. Of these, 15 had gallstone-related pancreatitis, two had pancreatic cancers and one developed bacteremia after endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography (ERCP). These 18 patients had abnormal biochemistry results (including high serum levels of direct bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyltransferase) and dilated bile ducts on imaging studies, indicating biliary infections. The remaining two patients with bacteremia included one alcoholic patient and one patient with idiopathic pancreatitis. The most commonly involved pathogens were Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. In addition, eight patients (4%) developed secondary pancreatic infections during hospitalization; the blood cultures of seven of these patients were negative on admission. Although fever and leukocytosis are not good predictors of infection in acute pancreatitis our results showed that bacteremia is common in patients whose pancreatitis is related to gallstones, ERCP or pancreatic malignancy with obstructive jaundice. We recommend that antibiotics be used only in this subset of acute pancreatitis patients.
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PMID:Bacteremia in acute pancreatitis of different etiologies. 854 31

A 1.5-year-old domestic shorthair cat was examined because of vomiting and icterus. Clinicopathologic abnormalities included high alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, and gamma-glutamyltransferase activities and high total bilirubin concentration. During abdominal ultrasonography, the left limb and body of the pancreas appeared hypoechoic, and a small quantity of peritoneal effusion was seen. The liver was diffusely hyperechoic, with echogenicity similar to that of the spleen, indicating hepatic lipidosis. Feline trypsin-like immunoreactivity was high, suggesting that the cat also had pancreatitis. The cat was treated with crystalloid fluids and was fed a protein-restricted diet via a percutaneous endoscopically placed gastrostomy tube. The cat's condition continued to deteriorate despite medical treatment, and it was euthanatized. Necropsy confirmed the clinical suspicion of acute pancreatitis and hepatic lipidosis. This case suggests that measurement of trypsin-like immunoreactivity may be useful in cats suspected of having pancreatitis.
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PMID:High feline trypsin-like immunoreactivity in a cat with pancreatitis and hepatic lipidosis. 929 Aug 12

BACKGROUND: The routine use of serum elastase-1 in patients, pre- and post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), has been strongly supported but not sufficiently correlated with diagnosis, patient outcome/prognosis, or routine markers such as serum amylase. The value of serum elastase-1 post-ERCP, as far as clinical diagnosis and prognosis is concerned, was tested and compared with serum amylase in terms of sensitivity, specificity, positive prognostic value (PPV), and negative prognostic value (NPV). METHODS: In a prospective study of 38 consecutive patients undergoing ERCP, we assessed the following biochemical parameters 24 h before ERCP and 2 and 18 h after ERCP: alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamyltransferase (gamma-GT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), amylase (AMS), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and pancreatic elastase-1. RESULTS: Statistically significant changes were found between pre-ERCP and 18-h post-ERCP in elastase-1 (P=0.009), amylase (P=0.016), gamma-GT (P=0.04), and ALP (P=0.04). Changes between 2-h and 18-h post-ERCP in all parameters tested were not statistically significant. No statistical significance was found between any biochemical parameter and specific ERCP diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that 2-h post-ERCP serum elastase-1 was 100% specific for post-ERCP pancreatitis or other underlying severe pathology while, at the same time, amylase was only 50% specific. The specificity of serum elastase-1 still remained high (87.5%) 18-h post-ERCP, while amylase only had a specificity of 25% at that time. In contrast, amylase had a sensitivity of 83.3 and 90% in the 2-h and 18-h post-ERCP serum samples, while elastase-1 only had a sensitivity of 56.7 and 73.3%, respectively.
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PMID:The true value of serum elastase-1 in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). 1214 13

Prevalence of electrolyte disturbances and biochemical changes were determined in patients admitted to the emergency room of the Department of Internal Medicine in Innsbruck, Austria during a six-month period. The value of biochemical parameters for the detection of chronic alcohol abuse was also investigated. The most frequent electrolyte disturbances found were hypernatremia (41%), hyperchloremia (21%), hypermagnesemia (17%) and hypocalcemia (15%), whereas hypokalemia and hypophosphatemia were observed quite rarely (5% and 3.4%, respectively). The most frequent biochemical changes observed were consistent with signs of cellular toxicity i.e. increased liver enzymes (elevated gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and lactic dehydrogenase) as well as signs of pancreatitis (elevated serum lipase and amylase) and muscle damage (elevated creatine kinase). The most frequent changes in blood counts were leucocytosis (23%), thrombocytopenia (14%), and anemia (12%). C-reactive protein showed only minimal elevation. Male sex and level of blood alcohol were detected as major risk factors for the diagnosis of chronic alcohol abuse in the patient sample investigated. When testing the value of routinely measured parameters for predicting the presence of chronic alcohol abuse, GGT and mean corpuscular volume of red blood cells (MCV) appeared to be of equal value. A combination of elevated blood alcohol with an increase in either of these markers may be interpreted as high risk for chronic alcohol abuse in this particular group of patients.
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PMID:Disturbances of electrolytes and blood chemistry in acute alcohol intoxication. 1577 19

The recent emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogens and/or pharmacokinetics-pharmacodynamics considerations may result in off-label use of a certain class of antibacterials, including tigecycline. This study was performed to clarify the safety profile of tigecycline in the user-derived manner and to compare it with the prescribing information provided by the manufacturer. Numerous spontaneous adverse event reports (AERs) submitted to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) were analyzed after a revision of arbitrary drug names and the deletion of duplicated submissions. Standardized official pharmacovigilance tools were used for quantitative detection of signals, i.e., drug-associated adverse events, including the proportional reporting ratio, the reporting odds ratio, the information component given by a Bayesian confidence propagation neural network, and the empirical Bayes geometric mean. Based on 22017956 co-occurrences, i.e., drug-adverse event pairs, found in 1644220 AERs from 2004 to 2009, 248 adverse events were suggested as tigecycline-associated ones. Adverse events with a relatively high frequency included nausea, vomiting, pancreatitis, hepatic failure, hypoglycemia, and increase in levels of alanine aminotransferase, bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, and gamma-glutamyltransferase. It is noted that cholestasis, jaundice, an increase in International Normalized Ratio, and Stevens-Johnson syndrome were also, although they were infrequent. The adverse events suggested were in agreement with information provided by the manufacturer, suggesting that off-label use hardly results in unexpected adverse events, presumably due to usage with extreme caution.
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PMID:Adverse event profile of tigecycline: data mining of the public version of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration adverse event reporting system. 2268 40

A 15-year-old boy with a medical background of obesity, familial hyperlipidemia and acute recurrent pancreatitis, presented to emergency department reporting a 3-day course of periumbilical abdominal pain and nausea. Pain was noticed on epigastric palpation. Laboratory evaluation revealed leucocytosis, neutrophilia and pancreatic enzymes elevation more than three times the upper limit of normal. An acute recurrence of pancreatitis was diagnosed, was admitted to the hospital, being discharged after 5 days. Four days after, he was readmitted because of symptoms recurrence. Elevation of transaminases, gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and direct bilirubin were noticed. Pancreatic enzymes still elevated but lower than in the previous episode. An endoscopic ultrasound revealed a Wirsung with a cephalic stricture and diffuse structural abnormalities suggestive of chronic pancreatitis. The patients was submitted to endotherapy with several sessions of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography including stenting and pancreatoscopy with marked clinical and imaging improvement. A genetic variant was identified.
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PMID:Chronic pancreatitis in children: treat like an adult? 3175 27


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