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Query: UMLS:C0030305 (pancreatitis)
 16,014 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The macaque immunodeficiency syndrome has many parallels to AIDS in humans. Affected monkeys develop profound, prolonged T lymphocyte dysfunction and die of lymphomas or opportunistic infections. We recently isolated a virus that we call SIV from four sick macaque monkeys. The morphology, growth characteristics, and antigenic properties of this virus indicate that it is related to the causative agent of human AIDS. The pathogenicity of this newly isolated virus was tested in macaque monkeys. Five of six died between 127 and 352 days following inoculation. The animals developed a wasting syndrome and died with adenovirus pancreatitis and/or pneumonia and primary retroviral encephalitis. Immunological abnormalities in these animals included a decrease in circulating T4+ lymphocytes and depressed peripheral blood lymphocyte proliferative response to pokeweed mitogen. The SIV monkey model holds great promise for testing antiviral agents and for the development of vaccines against AIDS.
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PMID:Simian models for AIDS. 348 63

Porcine circoviruses (PCV) are small nonenveloped DNA viruses containing a unique single-stranded circular genome. Previously, no recognized link was found between PCV infection of pigs and disease, and PCV was considered a nonpathogenic agent. Over the last 5 years, a "novel" PCV, designated PCV2, has been associated with various disease syndromes in pigs, primarily postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS). Pigs with PMWS have a variety of clinical signs, including debility, dyspnea, palpable lymphadenopathy, diarrhea, and pallor or icterus. Lesions associated with the presence of PCV2 in a variety of cell types include lymphohistiocytic to granulomatous interstitial pneumonia, hepatitis, nephritis, myocarditis, enteritis, and pancreatitis. The lesions of PMWS have been reproduced experimentally after inoculation of piglets with PCV2 cell culture isolates, although the full expression of the disease syndrome may require the presence of other agents such as porcine parvovirus or porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus. Recent reports have linked PCV2 to other disorders in pigs, ranging from abortion and reproductive failure to "atypical" PRRS. Available data indicate high seroprevalence of antibodies to PCV2 worldwide. The diagnosis of PCV2-associated disease is based on the direct demonstration of PCV2 antigens or nucleic acid in affected tissues. PCV2 is now regarded as an important emerging pathogen. Although vertical transmission has been documented, the epidemiology of PCV2 infections is poorly understood, as is the role of the immune response in controlling or augmenting disease.
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PMID:Porcine circoviruses: a review. 1069 Jul 69

Current antiretroviral therapy has lead to longer survival in patients infected with HIV, but it is also associated with new and important problems. Body fat redistribution and metabolic abnormalities, the so-called lipodystrophy syndrome, are among the most prevalent and worrisome ones. While an increasing number of patients infected with HIV are becoming affected by this syndrome, the pathogenesis of this syndrome and how to prevent and treat the problem all remain largely unknown. Body fat changes stigmatise the bodies of patients infected with HIV giving them a similar look to that seen in patients some years ago when the wasting syndrome was more prevalent and HIV infection was ultimately fatal. The psychological impact of body fat changes may be severe enough to affect a patients' desire to continue with antiretroviral therapy. Metabolic abnormalities, probably with the exception of symptomatic diabetes mellitus and hypertriglyceridaemia-induced pancreatitis, do not have an immediate impact on the quality of the lives of patients with HIV. However, their potential long term cardiovascular and bone consequences may increase the morbidity and the mortality of patients infected with HIV through noninfectious diseases. The impact of lipodystrophy on patients infected with HIV is not readily captured with the classic instruments used to measure quality of life and hence it is necessary to modify them urgently. Though treating lipodystrophy seems fully justified, there is no proven treatment for this problem, although a number of treatments have been used with varying success. Despite the recognition that lipodystrophy may have important psychological repercussions, the best psychological approach for this problem is not known at present. Although lipodystrophy has its own peculiarities, existing knowledge about how to psychologically help other patients with deforming body changes might be of help for patients infected with HIV, or at least may act as a starting point.
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PMID:Lipodystrophy syndrome in patients with HIV infection: quality of life issues. 1134 20