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Query: UMLS:C0030305 (pancreatitis)
 16,014 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Fifty-two cases of acute renal failure at Livingstone Hospital were studied. Twenty-two cases were obstetric, 10 surgical and 20 medical. The aetiological factors are tabulated and the pathophysiology is reported. Clinical features and biochemical abnormalities are presented. Infection was the commonest associated factor, followed by hypotension and volume problems, coagulation disorders, jaundice and hepatic failure, respiratory failure, pancreatitis and typhoid fever. In 7 of the medical cases the aetiology was unknown and was assumed to be toxic. A case history of a patient with leptospirosis, acute renal failure, liver failure and pancreatitis is presented. The mortality in this series was 32%.
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PMID:Acute renal failure. Experience with 52 patients treated at Livingstone Hospital. 125 Dec 80

During an 8-year period, 14 adult patients were hospitalized with typhoid fever confirmed by positive blood cultures for Salmonella typhi. Among these patients, we have retrospectively (n = 7) and prospectively (n = 7) evaluated pancreatic disturbance by serum amylase and lipase measurements at the time of admission. In 7 (50%) biological signs of pancreatitis were noted: mean amylase level 81 IU (range 30-201 IU, normal value less than 40 IU), mean lipase level 949 IU (range 468-2,000 IU, normal value less than 300 IU). Clinical signs of pancreatitis were observed in 4 cases, one of whom had a concomitant salmonella biliary tract infection and gall stones demonstrated by laparotomy and the others a normal biliary ultrasonographic examination with a swelling of the pancreas. No alcohol or drug use or other infection were noted before admission. This study suggests that biological or clinical pancreatitis should be considered as a frequent complication of typhoid fever. S. typhi should therefore be added to the list of pathogens implicated in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic or non-lithiasic pancreatitis.
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PMID:Pancreatic disturbances and typhoid fever. 171 81

Significant differences exist in the prevalence of most gastroenterological emergencies in tropical compared with temperate countries. Both ethnic and environmental (often clearly defined geographically) factors are relevant. The major oesophageal lesions which can present acutely in tropical countries are varices and carcinoma; bleeding and obstruction are important sequelae. Peptic ulcer disease (and its complications), often associated (not necessarily causally) with Helicobacter pylori infection, has marked geographical variations in incidence. Emergencies involving the small intestine are dominated by severe dehydration, and its sequelae, resulting from secretory diarrhoea, most notably cholera. However, enteritis necroticans ('pig bel' disease), paralytic ileus (sometimes caused by antiperistaltic agents) and obstruction (secondary to luminal helminths, volvulus and intussusception) are other important problems, especially in infants and children. Enteric fever is occasionally complicated by perforation and haemorrhage; the former (which is notoriously difficult to manage) is accompanied by significant mortality. Ileocaecal tuberculosis is a major cause of right iliac fossa pathology--sometimes associated with malabsorption; amoeboma is an important clinical differential diagnosis. The colon can be involved in invasive Entamoeba histolytica infection (which, like complicated enteric fever, is difficult to manage if the fulminant form, with perforation, ensues), shigellosis, volvulus and intussusception. Acute colonic dilatation occasionally follows Salmonella sp., Shigella sp., Campylobacter jejuni, Yersinia enterocolitica and rarely E. histolytica infections. Acute hepatocellular failure is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the tropics and subtropics. It usually results from viral hepatitis (HBV, sometimes complicated by HDV, and HCV), but there is a long list of differential diagnoses. Hepatotoxicity resulting from herbs, chemotherapeutic agents or alcohol also occurs not infrequently. Chronic liver disease and its sequelae (often long-term results of viral hepatitis) are commonplace. Haematemesis and hepatocellular failure are usually very difficult to manage due to a lack of sophisticated support techniques in developing countries. Invasive hepatic amoebiasis usually responds well to medical management; however, spontaneous perforation can occur and the consequences of this are serious. Pyogenic liver abscess, although far less common than amoebic 'abscess', carries a bad prognosis whatever the method(s) of management. Hydatidosis and schistosomiasis also involve the liver, and helminthiases are important in the context of biliary tract disease. Gall stones are unusual in most tropical settings. Acute pancreatitis is overall unusual, but chronic calcific pancreatitis can present as an acute abdominal emergency.
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PMID:Gastroenterological emergencies in the tropics. 176 26

We report a case of typhoid fever with an unusual presentation: prolonged fever with cutaneous vasculitis, pancreatitis, and splenic abscess. This is the first case of cutaneous leukocytoclastic vasculitis associated with Salmonella typhi. The diagnosis was made upon isolation of S. typhi in blood cultures, and after ruling out other causes of leukocytoclastic vasculitis. The outcome was favourable with antibiotics alone without surgery.
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PMID:Unusual presentation of typhoid fever: cutaneous vasculitis, pancreatitis, and splenic abscess. 1153 26

Pancreatitis in enteric fever is rare. We report two patients with enteric fever, one due to Salmonella typhi infection and other due to S. paratyphi, who on investigation were found to have pancreatitis. Both patients recovered uneventfully.
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PMID:Pancreatitis in enteric fever. 1187 36

A 54-year old male patient was admitted with a tentative diagnosis of biliary pancreatitis. After 3 days, he developed an acute abdomen with a pneumoperitoneum. A laparotomy was performed: multiple perforations of the terminal ileum and a necrotic gallbladder were found. A right hemicolectomy with 30 cm of the terminal ileum and a cholecystectomy were carried out. At the same time, positive blood cultures for Salmonella typhi were obtained and this confirmed the diagnosis of ileal perforation due to salmonella typhi infection. This case illustrates that Salmonella typhi infection can be a surgical problem in the western countries.
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PMID:Perforation due to ileocaecal salmonellosis. 1247 70

Acute pancreatitis develops immediately after the causative impulse, while chronic pancreatitis develops after the long-term action of the noxious agent. A typical representative of acute pancreatitis is biliary pancreatitis, chronic pancreatitis develops in alcoholism and has a long latency. As alcoholic pancreatitis is manifested at first as a rule by a potent attack, it is classified in this stage as acute pancreatitis. The most frequent etiological factors in our civilization are thus cholelithiasis and alcoholism (both account for 20-50% in different studies). The assumed pathogenetic principles in acute biliary pancreatitis are the common canal of both efferent ducts above the obturated papilla, duodenopancreatic reflux and intrapancreatic hypertension. A detailed interpretation is however lacking. The pathogenesis of alcoholic pancreatitis is more complicated. Among others some part is played by changes in the calcium concentration and fusion of cellular membranes. Idiopathic pancreatitis occurs in up to 10%, part of the are due to undiagnosed alcoholism and cholelithiasis. Other etiologies are exceptional. Similarly as in cholelithiasis pancreatitis develops also during other pathological processes in the area of the papilla of Vater such as dysfunction of the sphincter of Oddi, ampulloma and juxtapapillary diverticulum, it is however usually mild. The incidence of postoperative pancreatitis is declining. Its lethality is 30% and the diagnosis is difficult. In the pathogenesis changes of the ion concentration are involved, hypoxia and mechanical disorders of the integrity of the gland. Pancreatitis develops in association with other infections--frequently in mumps, rarely in hepatitis, tuberculosis, typhoid and mycoses. Viral pancreatitis is usually mild. In parasitoses pancreatitis develops due to a block of the papilla Vateri. In hyperparathyroidism chronic pancreatitis is more likely to develop, recent data are lacking. As to dyslipoproteinaemias, pancreatitis develops in the Ist, IVth and Vth type of Frederikson's classification, in rare recessive disorders and other conditions such as hypothyroidism, renal insufficiency, oestrogen substitution and others. In pancreas divisum chronic pancreatitis is more likely to develop. In exotic countries tropical pancreatitis is most frequent. It is however similarly as alcoholic pancreatitis primarily chronic. A very serious course is usual in traumatic pancreatitis. Risk factors of pancreatitis after ERCP are in particular undilated biliary pathways, dysfunction of the sphincter of Oddi and the use of a needle knife (bistoury). Medicamentous prevention is not substantiated. Drug induced pancreatic damage is much rarer than hepatotoxicity. Pancreatitis is caused most frequently by immunosuppressives, methyldopa, corticoids and oestrogens. The question remains to what extent the course of pancreatitis is influenced by its etiology. Biliary, alcoholic, traumatic and postoperative pancreatitis is usually severe, pancreatitis associated with viroses and induced by drugs is usually mild.
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PMID:[Etiological factors of acute pancreatitis]. 1673 20

Acute pancreatitis is a pancreatic inflammation that recognises Salmonella typhi among its aetiological agents. In this article the authors describe two cases of acute pancreatitis secondary to typhoid fever, evolving towards complete recovery. These two cases, besides confirming that Salmonella typhi can be responsible for acute pancreatitis, remind us that during typhoid fever, amylase enzyme test should be always assessed. Moreover, salmonella infection must also be considered in cases of non-alcoholic or non-lithiasic pancreatitis.
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PMID:[Typhoid fever and acute pancreatitis: two cases]. 1751 78

Pancreatitis represents an extremely rare complication of typhoid fever. Herein we report the case of a 4-year-old Bangladeshi girl with acute pancreatitis caused by Salmonella typhi.
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PMID:Acute pancreatitis complicating typhoid fever in a 4-year-old girl. 1804 12

Intrarenal abscesses remain a significant cause of morbidity and mortality as well as a diagnostic dilemma because a plethora of microorganisms can cause this condition. A definitive diagnosis is made by demonstrating the organisms from the aspirate and the success or failure of therapy depends upon the antimicrobial sensitivity pattern. Enteric fever is a multisystem disorder caused by invasive strains of salmonella. Salmonellosis continues to be a major public health problem, especially in developing countries. Classic enteric fever is caused by S. typhi and usually less severe enteric fevers are caused by S. paratyphi A, B, or C. However, at times S. paratyphi is capable of causing serious and often life-threatening infections like infective endocarditis, pericarditis, empyma, sino-venous thrombosis, osteomyelitis, meningitis, bone marrow infiltration, hepatitis and pancreatitis. There are anecdotal case reports in world literature of abscesses being caused by this organism. Renal involvement like bacteriuria, nephrotic syndrome and acute renal failure have been reported due to S. parayphi A. S. paratyphi A has never been implicated in renal abscess, we report one such case that was managed successfully with medical therapy.
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PMID:Isolation of Salmonella paratyphi A from renal abscess. 1913 4


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