Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0030305 (pancreatitis)
 16,014 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

While in the majority of cases, edematous pancreatitis responds to purely conservative intensive medical therapy, the hemorrhagic necrotizing form requires surgical treatment. The best results can be obtained with extensive necrosectomy followed by post-operative irrigation sump drainage. If possible, surgery should be delayed to between the 6th and 10th day after the onset of the disease. In the surgical therapy of chronic recurrent pancreatitis, the indirect and organ-preserving procedures have not gained widespread acceptance. While total duodenopancreatectomy must be rejected as too risky, good long-term results can be obtained with resection of the main inflammatory lesion, coupled with inter-operative occlusion of the remaining part of the organ to prevent recurrent disease. The surgical treatment of periampullar and ductal carcinoma of the pancreas should be made more radical by performing regional lymphadenectomy in the upper abdomen, both in the case of partial and in total duodenopancreatectomy. With this procedure, not only can the resection rate be increased by a factor of 2 to 3, but lymph node metastases of the second station, which would escape conventional therapy, are also removed.
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PMID:Pancreatic surgery: critical evaluation and perspectives. 725 Sep 1

A mass associated with the gastrointestinal tract was detected by sonography in 33 patients. Etiologies included primary or metastatic tumor; intussusception; inflammation secondary to bowel infarction, pancreatitis, or irradiation; and a dilated, fluid-filled gut related to retained gastric contents, obstruction, ileus, or an ileal bypass. Mesenteric or omental changes were identified with inflammation and frequently with metastatic disease. The diagnosis was confirmed by repeat sonography, abdominal radiography, barium examination of the small bowel, computed tomography, surgery, or autopsy. Ultrasound patterns are characteristic in tumor, intussusception, and inflammation; specific features allowing differentiation between tumor and inflammation are described. Colonic haustra, valvulae conniventes, or bowel contours and peristalsis on real-time sonography are helpful in identifying fluid-filled bowel loops.
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PMID:Ultrasound patterns of disorders affecting the gastrointestinal tract. 736 Sep 50

This pharmacokinetic study was performed to assess the potential usefulness of the murine monoclonal antibody (MoAb) PAM4-IgG1 as an immunotargeting agent for pancreatic cancer imaging or therapy. This MoAb reacts specifically with mucin purified from human pancreatic cancer. 131I-labeled PAM4-IgG1 was injected i.v. into five patients with suspected pancreatic cancer. Whole-body scans and spot views of the abdominal area were recorded with a computerized gamma camera, and specific regions of interest were drawn over the liver and spleen to define the kinetics of activity in these organs. Blood samples taken from 0.1-144 h after injection served to define the kinetics of plasma distribution and removal of activity from the body. Surgery confirmed pancreatic cancer in four of the five patients, whereas chronic pancreatitis was present in the fifth patient; in all four pancreatic cancer patients, immunostaining with the MoAb PAM4 demonstrated the presence of the specific antigen, with a cytoplasmic and endoluminal/secretory pattern of distribution. Nonspecific radioactivity accumulation in the liver, spleen, and bone marrow was low, linked essentially to the blood pool effect of circulating activity in these organs. The overall quality of scintigraphic maps recorded over the abdomen was quite satisfactory due to the low liver and spleen activity, with good scintigraphic demonstration of the pancreatic cancers (either primary or metastatic); the patient subsequently found to have pancreatitis failed to show PAM4 targeting. Except in one patient with widespread peritoneal metastases (in whom these tumor implants were detected scintigraphically already 24-48 hours after tracer injection), scintigraphic evidence of the tumor lesions was usually late, starting at about 72-96 h after tracer injection. The results obtained in this preliminary study indicate the potential usefulness of MoAb PAM4 for immunoscintigraphy in patients with either primary and/or recurrent pancreatic cancer while also suggesting that the use of the faster-clearing Fab fragments of this MoAb probably would result in improved immunoscintigraphic properties.
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PMID:Initial tumor targeting, biodistribution, and pharmacokinetic evaluation of the monoclonal antibody PAM4 in patients with pancreatic cancer. 749 69

We herein report the efficacy of percutaneous high-dose chemotherapy under hepatic venous isolation and charcoal hemoperfusion (HVI.CHP) in the treatment of hepatoma patients. This study included 23 patients with bilobar multiple intrahepatic metastases and 1 patient with high risk for recurrence after hepatectomy. All patients received adriamycin at doses ranging from 60-150 mg/m2 through the hepatic artery. Sixteen patients had HVI.CHP by the double-balloon technique, while a recent 8 patients had the single catheter technique using a 4L.2B catheter; 4 of these 8 patients had repeated treatment. Except for two early patients with hepatic arterial thrombosis and necrotizing pancreatitis, there was no lethal complication, and quality of life after treatment was remarkably improved in patients treated by the single catheter technique. Among 22 evaluable patients, 3 had CR and 11 had PR, yielding a response rate of 63%. Mean survival duration was prolonged to 13 months in responders, against only 5 months in nonresponders. In conclusion, HVI.CHP was highly effective for advanced hepatoma patients and the single catheter technique facilitated a repeated high-dose intraarterial chemotherapy, which may offer a possibility of complete remission even in highly advanced cases.
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PMID:[The effect of percutaneous hepatic venous isolation and charcoal hemoperfusion for high-dose chemotherapy for hepatoma]. 757 39

Insulinoma in patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) is a rare condition that because of its usual multicentricity presents difficulties not encountered in sporadic patients. In contrast to gastrinoma, which is the most common pancreatic neoplasm associated with MEN I, malignancy and duodenal tumors are much less common for patients with insulinomas, and excellent palliative medication is not available. Accordingly, there is a much greater reliance on surgical therapy for this group of patients. Between 1970 and 1991 a total of 19 patients had surgical treatment of MEN I-related insulinoma. Each patient had hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia. One patient, with extensive metastases, had unresectable disease. Of the remaining 18, there were 16 (89%) multiple pancreatic tumors. Tumors were located in the neck, body, or tail in 17 cases, 10 of whom also had tumors in the head. Pancreatic resections performed were 1 total, 12 subtotal (7 also had enucleation of tumors from the pancreatic head), and 5 limited distal resections and/or enucleation (conservative resection). There was no operative mortality. One patient developed pancreatitis, fistula, and diabetes following subtotal resection and enucleation. Postoperative cure was achieved in 17 of 18 cases. Recurrent disease occurred in 2 of 5 conservative resections compared to 0 of 12 subtotal resections, with median follow-up times of 10.4 and 10.3 years, respectively. During the follow-up period, four patients died, possibly all due to MEN I-related conditions. Hyperinsulinism in MEN I is associated with the occurrence of multiple, usually benign, pancreatic islet cell tumors, and surgery is an effective treatment modality.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Surgical management of insulinoma associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia type I. 772 33

Mucinous pancreatic neoplasms present diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. These tumors behave in an indolent nature, with frequent overlap of symptoms and radiographic appearance with other forms of pancreatic cysts, pseudocysts, and malignancy. Some authors propose that all mucin-producing tumors of the pancreas are variants of the same basic entity and have subclassified them on the basis of their predominant location within the pancreas. These disorders must be considered in the evaluation of chronic abdominal pain, particularly in the presence of a cystic pancreatic lesion or when associated with idiopathic chronic or acute recurrent pancreatitis. The clinicopathologic features of IMHN overlap to a great extent with classic mucinous cystic neoplasms but are different significantly enough to be distinct clinical entities. These tumors originate from the pancreatic duct epithelium, produce mucin, demonstrate a papillary growth pattern, and are considered premalignant or frankly malignant at the time of diagnosis. Both lesions biologically are much less aggressive than that of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and appear to infiltrate peripancreatic tissue and to metastasize to lymph nodes or other adjacent structures late in the course of disease. Nevertheless, IMHNs are located primarily in the head of the pancreas, commonly affect elderly men, and present clinically with obstructive pancreatitis, often leading to pancreatic insufficiency, whereas mucinous cystic neoplasms are more likely to develop in the pancreatic body or tail, predominate in young women, and present with symptoms referable to tumor compression of adjacent structures. The location of the lesion is the primary differentiating feature because the lining epithelium of the two tumor types is indistinguishable pathologically. In mucinous cystic tumors, the mucus is secreted and retained within the cyst lumen because of the absence of communication between the cyst and the main pancreatic duct. In contrast, mucus produced in MDE flows into the main pancreatic duct, resulting in obstructive pancreatitis and, ultimately, dilatation of the pancreatic duct. Intraductal mucus provides an important clue to the diagnosis of intraductal pancreatic neoplasms and, whenever present, should prompt an aggressive diagnostic evaluation. Both lesions are managed by resectional surgery because the opportunity for cure is high in the absence of metastatic disease.
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PMID:Mucin-secreting tumors of the pancreas. 772 46

A totally thyroidectomized patient with thyroid and parathyroid carcinomas, which had developed after neck irradiation in childhood, became hypercalcemic due to pulmonary metastases. The hypercalcemia was ameliorated by intermittent iv administration of bisphosphonate for 3.5 years, but this gradually became refractory to the bisphosphonate treatment. After right thoracotomy for resection of pulmonary metastases, acute necrotizing pancreatitis developed. The patient was therefore placed on total parenteral nutrition supplemented with T4 and a restricted dose of magnesium. Thyroxine(T4) (30 micrograms/day, iv) was not sufficient to maintain euthyroidism, but a higher dose (60 micrograms/day) elicited mild hyperthyroidism to the same extent as that elicited by an oral dose of 100 micrograms/day. The present case showed that the appropriate iv dose of T4 in this thyroidectomized patient with acute pancreatitis was about 60% of the oral dose. Furthermore, bisphosphonates (pamidronate and alendronate) and magnesium depletion were very effective in controlling the hypercalcemia.
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PMID:Appropriate intravenous doses of L-thyroxine and magnesium in a thyroidectomized patient with thyroid and parathyroid carcinomas receiving total parenteral nutrition during acute necrotizing pancreatitis. 778 23

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography is a valuable tool in the diagnosis and management of pancreaticobiliary diseases. The diagnostic sensitivity of brush cytology is reported as between 18% and 70% for malignant bile duct or pancreatic duct strictures. We report our findings in 74 patients with pancreaticobiliary strictures who underwent ERCP. Brush cytology was performed on 55 bile duct specimens and 19 pancreatic duct specimens. No complications related to the procedure occurred; 4 specimens (5.4%) were unsatisfactory for interpretation. Strictures were benign in 22 patients (12 pancreatitis, 5 sclerosing cholangitis, 3 Mirizzi syndrome, and 2 papillitis) and malignant in 52 patients (29 pancreatic carcinoma, 10 cholangiocarcinoma, 6 metastatic disease, 4 pancreatic mucinous ductal ectasia, 1 ampullary carcinoma, and 2 non-functioning islet cell tumors). The nature of the stricture was confirmed by surgery, surgical biopsy, necropsy, or follow-up. The overall results for brush cytology were sensitivity 56.2%, specificity 100%, positive predictive value 100%, negative predictive value 51.2%, and accuracy 70%. Our results confirm the value, safety, and utility of obtaining cytologic specimens at the time of ERCP; confirmation was obtained in 65.5% of pancreatic carcinoma cases. Although a negative result does not exclude pancreaticobiliary malignancy, a positive result confirms this diagnosis.
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PMID:Brush cytology during ERCP for the diagnosis of biliary and pancreatic malignancies. 801 38

Cancer as the etiology of acute pancreatitis is considered rare. Presented are three patients in whom acute pancreatitis was the first manifestation of malignancy due to primary or metastatic cancer within the pancreas. In one case, metastatic large cell bronchogenic carcinoma was found in the pancreas and in two patients non-Hodgkin's lymphoma confined to the pancreas induced the acute pancreatitis. One of the patients did not survive a severe acute pancreatitis, one died 8 months later due to metastatic lung carcinoma, and the third has been disease-free for the past 18 months following chemotherapy. Several reports described acute pancreatitis secondary to metastasis in the pancreas, mostly small cell lung carcinoma. It seems that the immediate survival of such patients depends on the severity of the pancreatitis. If this is overcome, specific chemotherapy could be beneficial.
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PMID:Metastases-induced acute pancreatitis: a rare presentation of cancer. 839 Sep 48

Metastasis-induced pancreatitis (MIAP) is a very rare initial manifestation of lung cancer. A review of one institution's experience and the English language medical literature was conducted to define the incidence, natural history, and optimal treatment of this unusual clinical problem. One of 802 (0.12 percent) lung cancer patients presented with MIAP. Seven additional cases were found in the literature. Small-cell carcinoma was present in six of eight patients. Prognosis is poor. Four patients died within two weeks of hospital admission. In patients with small-cell carcinoma and mild pancreatitis, chemotherapy may favorably influence recovery from pancreatitis. Those with severe pancreatitis tolerate chemotherapy poorly and initial supportive management is advisable. Patients with small-cell histologic features who recover from pancreatitis should receive chemotherapy. Survival beyond six months is possible.
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PMID:Metastasis-induced acute pancreatitis as the initial manifestation of bronchogenic carcinoma. 839 65


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