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Query: UMLS:C0030305 (pancreatitis)
 16,014 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Intra-abdominal infections of pancreatic or peripancreatic necrotic tissue complicate the clinical course of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) and are associated with significant morbidity. Fungal infection of necrotic pancreatic tissue is increasingly being reported. The incidence of intra-abdominal pancreatic fungal infection (PFI) varies from 5% to 68.5%. Candida albicans is the most frequently isolated fungus in patients with necrotizing pancreatitis. Prolonged use of prophylactic antibiotics, prolonged placement of chronic indwelling devices, and minimally invasive or surgical interventions for pancreatic fluid collections further increase the risk of PFI. Computed tomography- or ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration of pancreatic necrosis is a safe, reliable method for establishing pancreatic infection. Amphotericin B appears to be the most effective antifungal treatment. Drainage and debridement of infected necrosis are also critical for eradication of fungi from the poorly perfused pancreatic or peripancreatic tissues where the antifungal agents may not reach to achieve therapeutic levels. Fungal infection adversely affects the outcome of patients with SAP and is associated with increased morbidity, although the mortality rate is not increased specifically because of PFI. Although antifungal prophylaxis has been suggested for patients on broad-spectrum antibiotics, no randomized controlled trials have yet studied its efficacy in preventing PFI.
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PMID:Intra-abdominal fungal infections complicating acute pancreatitis: a review. 2173 Oct 15

Pylephlebitis is defined as septic thrombophlebitis of the portal venous system, usually secondary to infection or inflammation in the abdomen. In the current report, we present a case of fungal pylephlebitis that complicated the course of pancreatitis and resolved with echinocandins.
Mycoses 2011 Dec
PMID:Candida tropicalis pylephlebitis with persistent fungaemia in a 72-year-old lady with severe pancreatitis. 2212 28

To report the safety and efficacy of combined cyclophosphamide and rituximab treatment in Saudi children with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Medical records of all children with SLE treated with cyclophosphamide and rituximab between June 2007 and June 2012 at King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, were reviewed for demographic characteristics, age at diagnosis, concomitant treatments, indication of using rituximab and adverse events during the treatment period. Clinical and serologic response parameters included SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI), complement, anti-ds DNA antibody and ANA levels, and mean daily corticosteroid dose assessed 3 months before combined cyclophosphamide and rituximab infusion course and at 6-month interval afterward. Sixteen patients (13 girls) with refractory SLE treated with cyclophosphamide and rituximab were included. The mean age at onset of SLE was 7.8 + 3.3 years, while the mean age at diagnosis was 8.1 + 3.4 years; the mean disease duration was 4.7 + 3.2 years. All patients were treated with corticosteroid and immunosuppressive drugs. Nephritis (8 patients) was the most frequent indication; other indications included refractory arthritis, thrombocytopenia, severe mucocutaneous lesions and central nervous system involvement. All patients received 2 doses, but 4 required 4-8 extra doses. All patients showed improvement in response parameters. There was significant reduction in SLEDAI (P < 0.0002) and corticosteroid dose (P < 0.005). A total of 4 adverse events were notified; 2 developed infusion-related reactions. One patient had severe soft tissue fungal infection, and other patient had pancreatitis. Our data showed beneficial therapeutic and steroid-sparing effects of rituximab as adjunctive treatment for children with refractory SLE including both renal and extrarenal manifestations. Although rituximab was well tolerated by the majority of patients, it may associated with various adverse events.
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PMID:Safety and efficacy of combined cyclophosphamide and rituximab treatment in recalcitrant childhood lupus. 2421 86

Walled-off necrosis (WON) caused by fungal infection is very rare, and its treatment is more difficult than that of bacterial infection. We present the first case of a patient with refractory fungal-infected WON treated with percutaneous endoscopic necrosectomy and local administration of amphotericin B.A Japanese man in his 30s was hospitalized with severe necrotizing pancreatitis and multiple organ failure. Computed tomography imaging of the abdomen 1 month after the onset of pancreatitis revealed infected WON. Percutaneous drainage revealed purulent necrotic fluid, and culture of the fluid revealed the presence of Candida albicans and C glabrata. WON was treated by percutaneous endoscopic necrosectomy and local administration of amphotericin B. Consequently, the patient's condition improved, and Candida species were not detected in subsequent cultures.The combination of endoscopic necrosectomy with local administration of amphotericin B may be effective in treating refractory fungal-infected WON.
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PMID:Local administration of amphotericin B and percutaneous endoscopic necrosectomy for refractory fungal-infected walled-off necrosis: a case report and literature review. 2567 65

The management of acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP) has undergone a change of paradigms during the last 2 decades with a decreasing impact of surgical interventions. Modern ANP management is done conservatively as long as possible and therapeutic approaches aim at volume resuscitation, pain management and early enteral nutrition. The diagnostic gold standard of contrast-enhanced CT scan helps to evaluate the extent of necrosis of the pancreas, which correlates with the risk of tissue infection. The crucial point for decision making is the proven existence of infected pancreatic necrosis. This can be achieved by diagnostic needle aspiration of the necrotic material and staining to prove bacterial and/or fungal infection. In case of infected necrosis - besides calculated antimicrobial treatment - an interventional or surgical approach is required to prevent systemic septic progression of the disease. As the first step, percutaneous interventional drainage and spilling of the necrosis are preferable. In case of insufficient clearing of the infectious focus, a step-up approach must be considered, which implies a retroperitoneoscopic or transabdominal minimally invasive necrosectomy and drain placement. Postoperatively, a continuous lavage should be performed using these drains. In case of further deterioration of the patient or development of associated intra-abdominal complications (e.g. bowel perforation or uncontrolled bleeding), an open surgical intervention must always be regarded as a salvage therapy and this offers the possibility to control complications and perform a further necrosectomy and extensive lavage for focus control. However, associated morbidity (e.g. pancreatic fistula, fluid collections, pseudocysts) is about 50-60% and mortality up to 20%. In summary, ANP is managed primarily by a conservative therapy. In case of infected necrosis, interventional and minimally invasive approaches are the therapy of choice. Open surgery should be considered for patients deteriorating despite other measures and should be postponed as long as possible.
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PMID:Decision Making in Necrotizing Pancreatitis. 2733 98

Fungal infections of the pancreas have been shown to occur most commonly in the setting of necrotizing pancreatitis, pancreatic cysts, or pancreatic abscesses. Pancreatic fungal infections are rare without these predisposing factors, and may present similarly to pancreatic neoplasm. We report the case of a 48-year-old man who presented with epigastric abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and weight loss, with a potential mass in the head of the pancreas. The mass was resected via the Whipple procedure and was found to be a fungal collection with inflammatory cells and no malignancy. The patient's clinical course improved after the resection.
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PMID:Pancreatic Fungal Ball Presenting as Pseudomass. 2845 79

Magnusiomyces capitatus is a rare cause of fungal infection in immunocompromised patients, mainly seen in hematological malignancies. M capitatus infections are extremely rare in immunocompetent patients, as it is part of normal human microbial flora. We are presenting an extremely rare case of M capitatus peritonitis in an otherwise immunocompetent patient who suffered from gastrointestinal leakage due to pancreatitis. Fungal identification was performed at reference laboratory by phenotypic characteristics and DNA sequencing of target internal transcribed spacer region of the rRNA gene and the D1-D2 domain of the large-subunit rRNA gene and susceptibility testing by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines (document M27-S4) broth dilution method. He was successfully treated with a combination of surgical repair and voriconazole single therapy.
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PMID:A Case of Magnusiomyces capitatus Peritonitis Without Underlying Malignancies. 3015 97

This is a brain aspergilloma case in an immunocompetent patient who suffered from a rare fungal infection transmitted from the mediastinum to the brain and eventually caused pancreatitis. This fungal infection affected the thalamus, hypothalamus, and extended to the midbrain. This case showed a good prognosis for the brain aspergilloma without need for any surgical intervention. The radiological documentation for the brain aspergilloma shows a positive response to a combination of voriconazole and Keppra.
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PMID:Medical treatment of brain aspergilloma followed by MRI: A case report. 3038 48


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