Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0030305 (pancreatitis)
 16,014 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Magnesium deficiency can occur in congestive heart failure, after diuresis with furoxemide, ethacrynic acid and mercurials, and with digitalis intoxication, diabetic acidosis, acute and chronic alcoholism, delerium tremens, cirrhosis, malabsorption syndromes, protracted postoperative cases, open heart surgery, the diuretic phase of acute tubular necrosis, and with hypoparathyroidism, primary aldosteronism, juxta-glomerular hyperplasia and pancreatitis. Two cases of serious ventricular arrhythmias associated with magnesium depletion are described. Clinical manifestations are vague but center around neurologic symptoms such as weakness, tremors, stupor, coma, nausea, vomiting and anorexia. Serious cardiac arrhythmias also occur with magnesium depletion. Magnesium appears to be very useful in hypomagnesemic or digitalis-toxic tachyarrhythmias. Magnesium may also be valuable in normomagnesemic tachyarrhythmias. Ten to fifteen milliliters of a 20 percent magnesium sulfate solution, given intravenously over 1 minute, followed by a slow 4 to 6 hour infusion of 500 ml of 2 per cent magnesium sulfate in 5 per cent dextrose in water is recommended. Recurrence of arrhythmias is common and a second infusion of magnesium sulfate may be necessary. Hypermagnesemia occurs frequently in renal insufficiency, and magnesium therapy may then be contraindicated. Serum levels above 5.5 meq/liter should be avoided. Loss of deep tendon reflexes and a decrease in respiratory rate can be used as guides to magnesium therapy. A plea is made for frequent analysis of serum magnesium so that more knowledge can be gained regarding this important biologic element in cardiovascular disorders.
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PMID:Magnesium deficiency and cardiac disorders. 80 29

To determine the role of magnesium deficiency in the pathogenesis of hypocalcemia in acute pancreatitis, we measured magnesium levels in serum and in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in 29 patients with acute pancreatitis, 14 of whom had hypocalcemia and 15 of whom had normal calcium levels. Only six patients had overt hypomagnesemia (serum magnesium less than 0.70 mmol per liter [1.7 mg per dl]). The mean serum magnesium concentration in hypocalcemic patients was not significantly lower than in normocalcemic patients, but the mononuclear cell magnesium content in hypocalcemic patients with pancreatitis was significantly lower than in normocalcemic patients with pancreatitis (P less than .01). The serum magnesium level did not correlate with that of serum calcium or the mononuclear cell magnesium content, but the latter did significantly correlate with the serum calcium concentration (r = .81, P less than .001). Most patients with hypocalcemia had a low intracellular magnesium content. Three normomagnesemic, hypocalcemic patients with alcoholic pancreatitis also underwent low-dose parenteral magnesium tolerance testing and showed increased retention of the magnesium load. We conclude that patients with acute pancreatitis and hypocalcemia commonly have magnesium deficiency despite normal serum magnesium concentrations. Magnesium deficiency may play a significant role in the pathogenesis of hypocalcemia in patients with acute pancreatitis.
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PMID:Low intracellular magnesium in patients with acute pancreatitis and hypocalcemia. 240 29

Hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism occurred in a 49-year-old man with chronic endocrine and exocrine pancreatic insufficiency secondary to pancreatectomy and in a 64-year-old man with recurrent pancreatitis, exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, and prolonged magnesium deficiency. Hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism has never, to our knowledge, been reported in these clinical settings before and may be masked by the malabsorption of pancreatic insufficiency.
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PMID:Hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism. New associations. 389 83

The aim of this clinical study was to determine whether during the course of mild gallstone pancreatitis (I degree), which is the most common form of acute pancreatitis, there occur blood magnesium and calcium concentration disruptions. Testing was performed on 20 patients suffering from mild pancreatitis during 5 days of illness. Results were compared with a group of 110 healthy individuals (first-time blood donors). The average plasma magnesium ion concentration (PMg++) was lowest in the first day of illness and gradually goes up during the following 4 days. The highest levels, exceeding 11 per cent basal values, were observed during the fifth day of acute pancreatitis. Similar changes of blood cells magnesium ion concentration (BCMg++) were observed. The lowest level was found during the first day and after this it increased slightly to reach average levels. The most stable was plasma calcium ion concentration (PCa++) which did not indicate any variations. Blood donors results: PMg++ mean 0.95 +/- 0.17 mmol/L (range 0.65-1.41 mmol/L), BCMg++ -2.85 +/- 0.42 mmol/L (1.58-3.62 mmol/L), PCa++ -2.51 +/- 0.28 mmol/L (2.03-2.99 mmol/L). The observed differences in magnesium concentration were statistically significant only for the group examined (p < 0.001) and did not differ in a statistically significant sense from the control group values (Cohran-Cox test with p < 0.001). Previous studies have shown that, among individuals with mild gallstone pancreatitis, there is half the bile magnesium ion concentration and the same bile calcium ion concentration as among individuals with gallstones, who have not suffered from pancreatitis. Lack of permanent blood ion changes during the course of this form of the disease shows that the general circulating pool is unchanged. This magnesium deficiency pertains specifically to bile. However during the course of acute pancreatitis and lack of oral magnesium supply the pool of body reserves may be depleted. Magnesium also shows pharmacodynamic action as a tranquilliser, a vasodilator, a cytoprotective agent, an anticoagulant, an antioxidant and a myorelaxant. All these influences are beneficial in acute pancreatitis treatment. Therefore, despite visible features of magnesium deficit in the organism, it seems reasonable to supply the daily need by adding 2 amp. 25 per cent magnesium sulphate (total 40.5 mmol) during parenteral fluids infusion. Such a procedure was carried out for our patients and the results will be presented in a separate publication.
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PMID:Clinical study on magnesium and calcium level in the blood during the acute pancreatitis. 959 46