Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0030305 (pancreatitis)
 16,014 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The authors carried out a study of some pathogenic mechanisms related to the development of acute renal failure in animals following pancreatitis-induced shock. The study was made in 110 white rats in which acute pancreatitis was induced experimentally, and the results were compared with those obtained in a control lot of 40 rats. The behaviour of some biochemical parameters was investigated (cathecholamines, acid phosphatases, catepsine, aminoacids and polypeptides), in tissue homogenates (liver, intestine and kidney), and in the serum. Histopathologic changes were also evaluated, which occurred in the intestine, the kidney, the liver and the pancreas. Histopathologic changes in the kidney, and acute renal failure which accompanied them in rats with acute pancreatitis are rather a result of protesic activation in the tissues of the organs involved (especially the intestine and the kidney), and are less the results of enzymatic extension or metastases following pancreatic necrosis.
 ...
PMID:[Pathogenetic aspects of acute renal insufficiency in experimental acute pancreatitis]. 621 22

Acute respiratory failure had occurred in 89 of 1594 patients in a medical intensive care unit (5.6%), 26.8% of all patients (332) on long-term mechanical ventilation. Compared with the other chronically ventilated patients those with acute respiratory failure averaged a lower age, the proportion of women was higher and the duration of ventilation longer. The death rate was significantly higher (78.7% compared with 58.3%). The important prognostic factors included the underlying disease, additional abnormal organ function, severity of pulmonary gas exchange abnormality, and advanced age. If there was septicaemia, peritonitis, liver cirrhosis with bleeding oesophageal varices or polytrauma with acute renal failure the death rate was over 80%; after hypovolaemic shock, pancreatitis or postoperative pulmonary failure it was less than 65%. Patients who had abnormal function of at most one other organ in addition and an inspiratory arterial pO2 difference below 250 mm Hg, measured 12 hours after onset of mechanical ventilation, had a relatively favourable prognosis with a death rate of 33%, while in the other groups of patients it was 86-100%.
 ...
PMID:[Acute respiratory failure in a medical intensive care unit. Incidence and prognosis]. 636 69

In uremic intoxication proteolytic activity in plasma and striated muscle is enhanced. To get further insight into the underlying mechanisms the neutral proteinases of polymorphonuclear (PMN) leukocytes were investigated in patients with acute and chronic renal failure. The following studies were performed: 1. Neutral proteolytic activity of PMN neutrophils in blood smears (according to Klessen, 1978). 2. Serum levels of elastase alpha 1 proteinase inhibitor complex (Neumann et al., 1981). In about half of the patients with chronic renal insufficiency on dietary treatment the proteolytic activity of PMN leukocytes (halo formation are due to digestion of erythrocytes and plasma) was reduced. The serum concentration of elastase alpha 1 proteinase inhibitor complex was normal in most subjects, but increased in 3 patients with the highest serum creatinine levels (greater than 13 mg/dl). In the patients with acute renal failure (ARF) of various origin (postoperatively, septicemia, pancreatitis or dye induced) halo formation was either reduced or absent. Serum elastase alpha 1 proteinase inhibitor was increased in 5/6 patients by a factor of two to four. Also in the 15 patients on regular hemodialysis treatment halo formation was substantially reduced, while the serum levels of elastase alpha 1 proteinase inhibitor complex was slightly increased. The finding of reduced proteolytic activity of PMN neutrophils in uremia is probably due to an enhanced release of proteinases into the circulation as indicated by the elevated serum levels of elastase alpha 1 proteinase inhibitor complex in some patients. The release of proteinases might be in part due to the effect of "uremic toxins". In the RDT patients the contact of the blood with the dialyzer (cuprophane) membrane might be an additional factor. In the patients with ARF the underlying disease (infection, shock, trauma) contributes to the release of proteinases. These disturbances may be harmful for the patient, if the blood concentration or function of the most important proteinase inhibitors (alpha 1 proteinase inhibitor, alpha 2 macroglobulin) is reduced.
 ...
PMID:Release of granulocyte neutral proteinases in patients with acute and chronic renal failure. 636 15

One hundred twenty-seven artificially ventilated patients with acute respiratory insufficiency (ARI) were investigated. In 61 patients positive endexpiratory pressure (PEEP) was used when ventilation with ZEEP proved to be insufficient for one or more of the following reasons: increasing I-aDO2m PaO3 below 60 Torr at FiO2 greater than or equal to 0.5, deterioration of clinical status (group = secondary PEEP). The time elapse between beginning of artificial ventilation and institution of PEEP was 46 +/- 47 h (median 33 h). In 66 patients PEEP was used from the beginning of artificial ventilation (group II = primary PEEP). The distribution of underlying diseases (severe poisoning, pancreatitis, polytrauma or major surgery, pneumonia, cardiovascular failure, sepsis) as well as the frequency of additional vital function failure (circulatory shock, acute renal failure) were comparable in both groups (p greater than 0.05). At the beginning of artificial ventilation both groups were comparable in respect to respiratory insufficiency. PaO2 was 75 +/- 26 Torr in group I and 70 +/- 29 Torr in group II at comparable levels of FiO2 (p greater than 0.05). PaCO2 was 34.7 +/- 8.2 Torr in group I and 37.4 +/- 10.5 Torr in group II. Significantly more patients in group II received corticosteroids (greater than 1 gr/die). Mortality was 48/61 (79%) in group I and 37/66 (56%) in group II (p less than 0.01). End-inspiratory pressure exceeding 35 cm H2O was necessary in 42/61 patients in group I and 28/66 patients in group II (p less than 0.01) and FiO2 greater than 0.5 was necessary to keep PaO2 above 60 Torr in 39/61 patients in group I and 27/66 patients in group II (p less than 0.01). It is concluded that early institution of PEEP improves the course and outcome of patients with ARI.
 ...
PMID:[Early PEEP for improvement of prognosis in patients with acute respiratory insufficiency (author's transl)]. 678

Pancreas divisum results in drainage of most pancreatic secretions through the minor papilla via the dorsal duct, and the association of minor papilla stenosis has been implicated as a cause of pancreatitis. Most of the reported cases represent pancreatitis confined to the dorsal part. The authors treated a 10-year-old boy with recurrent pancreatitis that was substantially more severe in the ventral part. The patient was referred with a brief history of abdominal pain and had undergone a laparotomy when segmental ventral pancreatitis had been observed. Severe pancreatitis and acute renal failure developed, which required drainage of the lesser sac and hemodialysis, respectively. After 5 months, he had another episode that subsequently led to a pseudocyst in the ventral part. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography via minor papilla showed a normal-caliber dorsal duct communicating with a part of the fine ventral ducts. A normal biliary tree was shown, but no ventral duct was visualized by cannulation to the major papilla of Vater. Dual sphincteroplasties and a cholecystectomy were performed. The minor papilla was stenotic and admitted only the finest lacrimal duct probe. The orifice of the ventral duct could not be observed. Thus it was clarified that the dorsal duct with its stenotic orifice had drained both the dorsal and ventral pancreas. The patient has remained asymptomatic over 36 months postoperatively. Despite their limited experience, the authors believe that (1) this anatomic variant led to ventral pancreatitis, and (2) the sphincteroplasty of the minor papilla was successful.
 ...
PMID:Ventral pancreatitis in a patient with pancreas divisum. 762 23

During August 1989-August 1994 at the referral-based obstetric practice of MacKay Memorial Hospital in Taipei, Taiwan, obstetricians saw 8 pregnant women with acute pancreatitis. All but 1 patient had gallstones and/or hyperlipidemia. None had ever been diagnosed with pancreatitis or gallstones in the past. None suffered from alcoholism. One woman was lost to follow-up at 33 weeks gestation. No pregnant woman died. Magnesium sulfate and nifedipine controlled preterm labor in 2 patients. Two women underwent cesarean section (fetal distress and elective). Pancreatitis struck all but 1 during the 3rd trimester of pregnancy. One woman presented at 23 weeks gestation with loss of consciousness, abnormally low volume of circulating plasma in the body, upper gastrointestinal bleeding, and a dead fetus. She also had diabetes mellitus which had gone untreated for 2 years. After spontaneous delivery of the dead fetus, she developed metabolic encephalopathy, sepsis, respiratory distress, and acute renal failure. She completely recovered and left the hospital 62 days after arriving. Physicians instituted conservative treatment for pancreatitis and a fat-restricted diet for hyperlipidemia. Labor was induced in 3 women after determining fetal lung maturity. Pancreatitis symptoms diminished after delivery. At 2 weeks postpartum, they underwent cholecystectomy. In fact, all but 3 women underwent cholecystectomy. Five patients had a fever greater than 38 degrees Celsius upon admission. Three patients were jaundiced. All 8 patients experienced nausea and/or vomiting and abdominal pain. Six women had low serum calcium levels. Only 1 had a serum lactic dehydrogenase level above 350 IU/L. Primiparous women were just as likely to develop pancreatitis during pregnancy as multiparous women. These findings suggest that early diagnosis and prompt treatment of acute pancreatitis are essential to a favorable outcome.
 ...
PMID:Acute pancreatitis in pregnancy. 766 Jul 65

We conducted a retrospective analysis of 37 children with Escherichia coli O157:H7-associated hemolytic-uremic syndrome. The infection was traced to contaminated hamburgers at a fast-food restaurant chain. Within 5 days of the first confirmed case, the Washington State Department of Health identified the source and interrupted transmission of infection. Ninety-five percent of the children initially had severe hemorrhagic colitis. Nineteen patients (51%) had significant extrarenal abnormalities, including pancreatitis, colonic necrosis, glucose intolerance, coma, stroke, seizures, myocardial dysfunction, pericardial effusions, adult respiratory disease syndrome, and pleural effusions. Three deaths occurred, each in children with severe multisystem disease. At follow-up two children have significant impairment of renal function (glomerular filtration rate < 80 ml/min/per 1.73 Hm2); both of these children have a normal serum creatinine concentration. Hemolytic-uremic syndrome is the most common cause of acute renal failure in children, and this experience emphasizes the systemic nature of this disease. Clinicians should anticipate that multisystem involvement may occur in these patients, necessitating acute intervention or chronic follow-up. This outbreak of Hemolytic-uremic syndrome also highlights the microbiologic hazards of inadequately prepared food and emphasizes the importance of public health intervention in controlling Hemolytic-uremic syndrome.
 ...
PMID:Escherichia coli O 157:H7-associated hemolytic-uremic syndrome after ingestion of contaminated hamburgers. 793 69

An alpaca and a llama in late stages of gestation were evaluated for lethargy, anorexia, and recumbency. Both camelids had cloudy, white, turbid serum, elevated serum triglyceride (1564, 5658 mg/dL, respectively) and cholesterol (158, 297 mg/dL, respectively) concentrations, and ketonuria. Signs of fetal stress were evident ultrasonographically in the alpaca, and a live cria was delivered by Cesarean section performed under general anesthesia. The alpaca developed severe metabolic acidosis, hepatic lipidosis, and acute renal failure secondary to renal lipidosis and died 36 hours after admission despite medical therapy. Histopathology revealed renal and hepatic lipidosis and neutrophilic pancreatitis. The cria died 72 hours after birth. The llama responded to IV electrolyte, dextrose, and regular crystalline insulin therapy. The pregnancy was maintained, and the llama was discharged from the hospital 20 days after admission. Two months after discharge, the llama gave birth to a live, 5 kg cria. Findings of hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, elevated sorbitol dehydrogenase activity, metabolic acidosis, azotemia, and ketonuria occurred in these two camelids. Based on this report, camelids appear to be similar to both horses and cattle in their response to severe energy imbalances in late gestation.
 ...
PMID:Hyperlipemia and ketonuria in an alpaca and a llama. 806 56

In order to understand the mechanism of acute renal failure frequently observed in severe acute pancreatitis, renal microcirculation and renal hemodynamics were investigated during experimental acute pancreatitis in dogs induced by autologous bile and trypsin mixture into the pancreatic duct. Renal tissue blood flow (hydrogen gas clearance method), renal arterial blood flow, and cardiac output (transonic blood flow meter) were each measured for 5 h after induction of pancreatitis. The effect on renal hemodynamics of a new synthesized protease inhibitor--E-3123; 4-(2-succinimidoethylthio)phenyl-4-quanidinobenzoate methane sulfonate--intravenously infused at the rate of 3 mg/kg/h was also investigated. The mean blood pressure and pulse pressure decreased after induction of pancreatitis. Renal microcirculation and renal artery blood flow decreased during the experiment. However, in dogs with treated by E-3123, renal microcirculation was preserved during the first hour of the experiment and decreased gradually afterward, but it was significantly higher than that of the dogs without E-3123 during 3-5 h. The mean blood pressure and pulse pressure were preserved nearly at preoperative levels during the experimental period. We concluded that renal microcirculation decreased concomitantly with a deterioration of acute pancreatitis, and that the new pancreatic protease inhibitor E-3123 may have some beneficial effect to improve renal hemodynamics in the early period of acute pancreatitis.
 ...
PMID:Renal microcirculation in experimental acute pancreatitis of dogs. 844 33

The authors report two cases of cholesterol embolism and review the literature on this subject. Cholesterol crystal emboli are very serious complication of atheroma, generally situated in the aorta and usually in patients in their sixties. The frequency of cholesterol embolism is 20% in autopsy studies in this population. The embolic process accounts for the polymorphic clinical feature. Clinical signs are always delayed in relation to triggering factors. The symptoms can sometimes simulate a systemic disease. Cutaneous signs are present in 40 to 75% of cases. Acute renal failure is present in 30% of cases. Other signs may also be observed: alteration of the general state, fever, neurological disorders, pain of the lower limbs, myalgia, gastrointestinal haemorrhage or perforation, ischaemic colitis, pancreatitis, mesenteric or coronary angina. A triggering factor is revealed in 80% of cases: aortic surgery, retrograde aortic catheterization, fibrinolysis or oral anticoagulant treatment. The prognosis is poor due to the clinical context, the patient's age and the absence of any specific treatment. The short-term mortality is 60 to 80% according to various series. The best treatment is prevention: carefully assess the indication for an endovascular procedure in an atheromatous patient; if necessary, perform transoesophageal ultrasonography to evaluate the risk; whenever possible change the incision in vascular investigations or operative procedures in high-risk patients.
 ...
PMID:[Systemic cholesterol embolism]. 866 92


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>