Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0030305 (pancreatitis)
 16,014 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Fifty-nine pancreatic transplantations have been performed at Huddinge Hospital between May 1974 and October 1985 with a substantial improvement in results over the years. In the most recent series, consisting of 19 combined renal and pancreatic transplantations performed May 1984 to September 1985; the 1-year actuarial patient survival and pancreatic graft survival were 86% and 66% respectively. Thirteen of these grafts are functional presently, at 18 to 2 months, and all such patients are insulin free and exhibit normal metabolic control. Our practice includes drainage of the pancreatic juice to the exterior by means of a pancreatic duct catheter during the first 2-3 postoperative weeks, thereby promoting healing of the pancreatico-enteric anastomosis. Although cold ischemia time was kept low in this series, a moderate graft pancreatitis developed, with a peak serum amylase level of 16.8 + 2.2 ukat/l and a peak amylase activity in the peripancreatic fluid of 280 + 110 ukat/l. The volume of pancreatic juice from the ductal catheter was very low in the first postoperative days but then rose to reach a plateau level of about 500 ml/day. The amylase activity in this juice was very high (9100 + 2500 ukat/l) during the first postoperative day, but then gradually decreased to reach a steady level around 3000 ukat/l after 4-7 days.
 ...
PMID:Segmental pancreatic transplantation in Stockholm. 243 84

Nineteen combined renal and segmental pancreatic transplantations with enteric exocrine diversion were performed between May 1984 and September 1985. The one year actuarial patient survival rate and pancreatic graft survival rate were 86 and 66 per cent, respectively. Thirteen pancreatic grafts are presently functioning (two to seven months) and all of the recipients are insulin-free. Although graft cold ischemia time was kept low (a mean of 4.6 hours), a moderate graft pancreatitis developed with a peak serum amylase level of 16.8 +/- 2.2 microkatal per liter. Analysis of the fluid drained through an abdominal drain tube placed at the graft site revealed an amylase activity of 280 +/- 110 microkatal per liter on the first postoperative day and rapidly decreasing to a mean of 15 +/- 5 microkatal per liter on day 6. A pancreatic duct catheter was used to divert the exocrine juice to the exterior during the first few postoperative weeks thereby promoting healing of the pancreaticoenteric anastomosis. The volume of pancreatic juice from the ductal catheter was quite low in the first postoperative days but then rose to reach a plateau level of 500 to 600 milliliters. The amylase activity and the lipase concentration in the pancreatic juice was very high (9,100 +/- 2,450 microkatal per liter and 11.1 +/- 4.4 grams per liter, respectively) during the first postoperative day but then gradually decreased to reach a steady level after four to seven days. Intravenous administration of secretin induced a sixfold increase in the flow of pancreatic juice. An intravenous infusion of somatostatin significantly reduced the flow of pancreatic juice and the amylase activity and lipase concentration in the juice but did not abolish the secretin induced increase in pancreatic secretion.
 ...
PMID:Studies on the exocrine secretion of segmental pancreatic grafts in humans. 243 63

In order to investigate pancreatitis caused by cold ischemic damage to pancreatic grafts, an isolated, normothermic, ex vivo perfusion model was employed. Canine pancreases were subjected to 24 and 48 h of cold ischemia and then reperfused. The results showed that cold ischemia results in pancreatitis as measured by weight gain (tissue edema) and elevated leakage of amylase into the perfusate. The addition of allopurinol to the perfusion system did not prevent the signs of pancreatitis. From the results it can be concluded that the isolated, perfused pancreas model in the dog is useful for studying preservation-induced pancreatitis. The absence of any effect of allopurinol treatment suggests that oxygen-free radicals mediated by the xanthine oxidase system is of minor importance for the pathogenesis of postischemic pancreatitis.
 ...
PMID:Preservation-induced pancreatitis in an isolated perfused pancreas model in the dog. 247 41

We describe our serendipitous finding of a transplantation model of hemorrhagic pancreatic necrosis. The slow evolution, from edematous interstitial pancreatitis to hemorrhagic necrosis over the course of 8 days made the model amenable to therapeutic manipulation. The possible pathogenesis is discussed with reference to the published literature. From comparisons between the histologic and biochemical features of isografts and allografts, we suggest that ischemia-reperfusion injury initiates pancreatitis through oxygen-free radicals, and that the transformation to hemorrhagic pancreatic necrosis in allografts reflects the involvement of chemotactic immune factors and extracellular secretions from activated proteases.
 ...
PMID:Acute pancreatitis after experimental pancreatic transplantation. 247 76

In this experiment, free radicals in the pancreas of endotoxemia and ethionine induced acute pancreatitis in mice were attempted to be detected directly by ESR spectroscopy, using 77 K freeze-trapping and 25 degrees C DMPO spin trapping techniques. In the 77 K freeze-trapping method, Mn (II) ion and R-00. radical were detected in endotoxemia and ethionine induced pancreatic lesions. The heme-NO radical was observed at 6 and 24 h after isolation of the normal pancreas, and signal intensity was increased with time. This finding supports that ESR spectroscopy is a useful method for detecting the tissue degeneration process from ischemia to necrosis. Using the DMPO spin trapping technique (25 degrees C), 6-line was detected at 6 h after intraperitoneal administration of E. coli in the model of endotoxemia, and 3- and 6-lines and a signal suggestive of DMPO-OH adduct were noted at 12 and 24 h in ethionine pancreatitis. These findings suggest that impaired pancreatic tissues exist in a considerably oxidative environment and oxygen derived free radicals may be considered to play an important role in the development of pancreatic lesions.
 ...
PMID:Direct ESR measurement of free radicals in mouse pancreatic lesions. 255 71

Recent experimental work has suggested that oxygen-derived free radicals may play an important role in initiating the early capillary injury in acute pancreatitis. Data from models of ischemic injury in other organs have suggested the enzyme xanthine oxidase is important in generating oxygen-derived free radicals. The present study was performed to determine whether xanthine oxidase is the source of free radical production in experimental pancreatitis. Utilizing the isolated, perfused, ex vivo canine pancreas preparation, three models of pancreatitis were initiated with (1) free fatty acid infusion (FFA), (2) partial duct obstruction and secretin stimulation (POSS), and (3) ischemia (ISCH). In each model, during a 4-hour perfusion, edema developed, weight gain occurred (FFA 120.6 +/- 21.1 gm; POSS 44.5 +/- 6.9 gm; ISCH 63.3 +/- 14.0 gm), and the serum amylase became elevated (FFA 1827 +/- 397 u/dl; POSS 10,171 +/- 1487 u/dl; ISCH 1860 +/- 365 u/dl). When the xanthine oxidase enzyme inhibitor allopurinol was added to the perfusate prior to the 4-hour perfusion, edema formation was absent or minimal, weight gain was significantly less (FFA 15.2 +/- 2.5 gm p less than 0.05; POSS 8.8 +/- 2.7 gm p less than 0.001; ISCH 12.3 +/- 2.8 gm p less than 0.01), and the amylase remained normal or the elevation was significantly decreased (FFA 996 +/- 189 u/dl p less than 0.05; POSS 3021 +/- 1074 u/dl p less than 0.001; ISCH 993 +/- 214 u/dl p less than 0.002). These data confirm that oxygen-derived free radicals play an important role in the pathogenesis of experimental acute pancreatitis, and suggest that the enzyme xanthine oxidase may well be the source of their production.
 ...
PMID:The pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis. The source and role of oxygen-derived free radicals in three different experimental models. 258 19

The influence of long-term (26 weeks) and long-term plus acute ethanol administration on the development of acute pancreatitis was studied in rats. While both these treatments alone did not induce pancreatitis in any rat, extrapancreatic fat necrosis and histologic lesions of the pancreas were found in the majority of animal 24 hours after additional establishing of a pancreatic juice edema by an obstruction/hypersecretion mechanism. Severity and frequency of findings were significantly increased by additional short-term ischemia (25 min) of the pancreas. In control rats without ethanol ingestion, the edema receded without any lesions, and after additional ischemia significantly fewer rats exhibited signs of acute pancreatitis when compared to the ethanol-treated groups. An experimental model of acute alcoholic pancreatitis is presented with ethanol ingestion, temporary ductal obstruction and stimulation of secretion being essential constituents, which may be of clinical relevance, too.
 ...
PMID:Experimental acute pancreatitis in rats after chronic and chronic plus acute ethanol administration in combination with a pancreatic juice edema. 275 27

Acute ergotamine intoxication in a 29-year-old man was complicated by peripheral ischemia, pancreatitis, and hepatitis. The patient was treated with sodium nitroprusside infusion. Complications and treatment of ergotamine poisoning are discussed.
 ...
PMID:Ischemic pancreatitis and hepatitis secondary to ergotamine poisoning. 311 14

The records of 6,452 consecutive patients who underwent cardiopulmonary bypass procedures were examined for intra-abdominal complications. There were 60 complications in 51 patients for an incidence of 0.94 per cent. The mortality rate was 59 per cent. Complications included bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract in 20, intestinal ischemia in 16, acute cholecystitis in 11, pancreatitis in five, small intestinal obstruction in three, perforated ulcer in two, hepatic necrosis in two and splenic laceration in one instance. Clinical risk factors included advanced age, emergency operation, valvular surgical treatment, hypotension, intra-aortic balloon pump, pressors and reoperation. Patients with a prolonged pump time had an increased risk of intraabdominal complications (p less than 0.001).
 ...
PMID:Intra-abdominal complications of cardiopulmonary bypass operations. 349 28

Pathologic proteolysis in pancreatitis is an important clue to understand the pathophysiology in pancreatitis. Impairment of pancreatic circulation is also important in the development of severe pancreatitis. In an attempt to study some of the biochemical and circulatory events in experimental pancreatitis in the pig the following experiments were undertaken. Pancreatic and splanchnic blood flow were studied in severe and mild pancreatitis with the microsphere method, together with cardiac output and mean arterial pressure. Kininogen, alpha-2-macroglobulin and alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor were measured in plasma and in peritoneal fluid. In severe pancreatitis consumption of kininogen in the peritoneal cavity was demonstrated together with a final lowering of the plasma protease inhibitors. This was accompanied by a rapid reduction of cardiac output and finally mean arterial blood pressure. Pancreatic blood flow was profoundly diminished in this group. No such changes were found in mild pancreatitis. It is concluded that pancreatic ischemia in pancreatitis is associated with protease-antiprotease imbalance.
 ...
PMID:Protease-antiprotease imbalance, hemodynamic and regional blood flow changes in experimental pancreatitis. 355 Oct 52


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>