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Query: UMLS:C0030305 (pancreatitis)
 16,014 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

For studying abdominal tuberculosis (TB) in Ahmadi, files off all patients admitted to our hospital with abdominal TB over 15 years (1981-1996) were reviewed. Nineteen patients are reported here. Young adults were predominant in our study. The non-Arab Asians were the most frequently affected group in relation to their population in Ahmadi, and Kuwaitis were the least frequently affected group. Abdominal pain, sweating, anorexia and fever were the most frequent presenting symptoms. Ascites and intestinal obstruction were the most frequent clinical presentations. Two patients presented with acute appendicitis and one patient had tuberculous pancreatitis. Abdominal lymph nodes, peritoneum, ileum and and caecum were the most frequently affected abdominal structures. We found laparoscopy very helpful in diagnosis of abdominal TB and we recommend it as the diagnostic method of choice. All our patients responded well to antituberculous chemotherapy. It should be kept in mind that abdominal TB still affects the indigenous and expatriate population of Kuwait.
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PMID:Abdominal tuberculosis in Ahmadi, Kuwait: a clinico-pathological review. 970 Feb 74

Over a period of three years, 122 patients who presented with acute abdomen, and had normal abdominal x-rays on admission were examined with Ultrasonography (U/S) in order to evaluate the use of Abdominal Ultrasonography in patients with negative x-ray findings. Sonographic evaluation was undertaken with Siemen's equipment (Sonoline S1-2) with a 3.5 MHz sector transducer for the abdominal organs and 5 or 7.5 MHz sector transducer for the abdominal organs and 5 or 7.5 MHz linear array for the intestines and right iliac fossa. Analysis included features or organ inflammation, bowel wall changes, and motility and collections. Ultrasound guided aspiration and drainage were done when necessary. Surgical confirmation was obtained in 86 out of the 122 cases. The commonest finding were appendicitis, intestinal obstruction and gynaecological pathologies. Ultrasound correctly identified 76 out of the 86 positive cases (88%). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive valve and negative predictive valves were 88%, 78%, 96% and 83% respectively. There were seven (7) false negative findings, and three (3) false positive cases. Pancreatitis was the commonest cause of false negative findings. The study clearly shows that ultrasound imaging can identify the underlying pathology in 88% of patients with acute abdomen with negative, plain abdominal x-ray findings. Ultrasound guided interventional procedures can also be done without delay.
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PMID:The value of ultrasonography in the x-ray negative non-traumatic acute abdomen. 971 10

"Damage control" in severe abdominal trauma, abdominal compartment syndrome, necrotizing fasciitis of the abdominal wall, and necrotizing pancreatitis often preclude closure of the fascia after laparotomy. Many techniques have been reported for temporary coverage of the exposed viscera, but most have had documented problems. We report the successful use, since 1989, of a temporary sutureless coverage. The viscera are covered with omentum when possible, then with a clear plastic sheet. Sump drains are placed over this layer. The entire abdomen is then covered with two layers of iodophor-impregnated adhesive plastic drape. The last 50 patients managed with this technique are reported. The most common indication (27 patients) was for treatment of severe abdominal trauma. There were no wound infections, fasciitis, or bowel obstruction. Eighteen patients died; no deaths were related to abdominal closure. Temporary abdominal covering with adhesive plastic sheeting is a rapid, safe, and readily available method for managing the open abdomen. This technique provides a physiologic milieu for the abdominal viscera, simplifies nursing care, and promotes safe closure of the abdomen at a later time.
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PMID:Covering the "open abdomen": a better technique. 973 13

Acute, nonobstetric abdominal pain is a common complaint during pregnancy. Both anatomic and physiologic variations in pregnancy cloud the clinical picture when attempts at clinical decision-making and triage are made. Abdominal disorders such as appendicitis, gallbladder disease, pancreatitis, bowel obstruction, liver disease, pyelonephritis, and inflammatory bowel disease are explored from an obstetric triage perspective. Key triage points are noted to augment clinical assessment by the practitioner.
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PMID:Obstetric triage: management of acute nonobstetric abdominal pain in pregnancy. 1063 14

A patient aged 16 years was referred following numerous episodes of intense pruritus associated with persistently altered liver function tests. Ultrasound (US) demonstrated the superior mesenteric vein positioned more to the left than usual and abnormal orientation of the duodenum, consistent with a midgut malrotation. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography the common bile duct, suggesting a malrotation with chronic or recurrent volvulus. A classic malrotation with 180 degrees volvulus was noted at operation. A second child previously thought to have recurrent idiopathic pancreatitis was noted to have ampullary distortion secondary to malrotation following presentation with an intestinal obstruction. Pruritus and pancreatitis have not been previously reported with malrotation, although cholestatic jaundice has been described. The diffculties in diagnosis and the role of US are discussed. Ladd's procedure is the appropriate treatment for this condition.
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PMID:Malrotation with recurrent volvulus presenting with cholestasis, pruritus, and pancreatitis. 1066 62

The diagnosis and management of gastrointestinal complications associated with cardiopulmonary bypass is often hindered by a complicated clinical picture and equivocal examination. To better define the incidence, risk factors, and mortality, we reviewed the records of all patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass from 1988 through 1996. The database for this study comprised 14,521 patients who underwent cardiac surgery. The patients (543) with gastrointestinal complications were identified, and those with major complications (166) were individually reviewed. Major complications included pancreatitis, gastritis, laparotomy, gastric ulcer, cholecystitis, colonic perforation, gastrointestinal bleeding, diverticulitis, bowel obstruction, perforation, and visceral ischemia. Our results were the following. 1) Gastrointestinal complications were noted in 3.7 per cent (543) of patients with major complications occurring in 1.2 per cent. In 166 patients, 187 major complications were noted. 2) Visceral ischemia, an infrequent but usually fatal (71%) complication, occurred in 24 (0.17%). 3) Of the ischemic events, 83 per cent (20 of 24) affected the bowel; with the colon involved 80 per cent of the time (16 of 20). 4) Patients with visceral ischemia were more likely to be female (relative risk 2.1), have longer pump times (92.2 versus 74.2), have cardiac procedures other than coronary artery bypass graft (relative risk 2.6), and have end-stage renal disease (relative risk 16.7). We conclude that, given the incidence and mortality related to visceral ischemia, especially to the colon, patients with risk factors (end-stage renal disease, female sex, non-coronary artery bypass graft, and longer pump times) should undergo routine endoscopic examination of the colon early after bypass and when clinically indicated thereafter.
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PMID:Visceral ischemia after cardiopulmonary bypass. 1091 70

A total of 3,727 in-patients with acute abdominal symptoms were identified during the first quarter of 1995 at the surgical clinics of the nine hospitals with emergency departments in the county of Stockholm. The diagnoses were: non-specific abdominal pain 24%; cholecystitis 9%; appendicitis 8%; bowel obstruction 7%; intra-abdominal malignancy, diseases of the urinary tract and peptic ulcer 6% each; gastrointestinal hemorrhage, diverticulitis of the colon and pancreatitis 5% each; other diseases as a cause of abdominal symptoms, 19%. 1,601 operations were performed of which 47% were endoscopic procedures. The mean duration of hospital stay was 4.8 days. The length of stay increased significantly with age. The age-related relative frequency of hospitalization due to acute abdominal pain was also dramatically higher in the elderly cohorts. These facts and the prognosis of an 18% increase of inhabitants 50 years of age or older until 2010 in Greater Stockholm signal an increased need of hospital resources for this large group of patients in the coming years.
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PMID:[Acute abdomen calls for considerable care resources. Analysis of 3727 in-patients in the county of Stockholm during the first quarter of 1995]. 1103 59

The findings of ultrasonography of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of 265 dogs with GI disorders were analysed retrospectively. The sonographic changes associated with various inflammatory and neoplastic conditions and mechanical obstruction of the GI system were recorded and discussed. Sonographic alterations of the pancreas and the tissues adjacent to the GI tract were also included in the study. Ultrasonographic alterations of the GI tract were classified into three main categories: thickening of the GI wall, changes in peristalsis and dilation of the lumen. Localised thickening of the GI wall with disruption of its structure was caused by both neoplastic diseases and by inflammatory disorders. However, diffuse thickening with retained wall structure was generally associated with inflammatory diseases. The criteria previously established for the ultrasonographic diagnosis of intestinal obstruction were successfully applied to a large number of GI disorders. Pancreatitis was most often associted with hyperchoic mesentery and hypoechoic pancreas mass, but similar alterations were encountered in some cases of gastric or duodenal ulceration. Except in cases of invaginations and intestinal obstructions, the observed ultrasonographic changes were not specific enough for a definitive diagnosis. Nevertheless, ultrasonography proved to be a valuable technique in the diagnostic process of GI disorders of the dog.
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PMID:Gastrointestinal ultrasonography of the dog: a review of 265 cases (1996-1998). 1140 80

Ascariasis is the most common intestinal helminthiasis worldwide. Heavily infected individuals are prone to develop bowel obstruction or perforation as well as biliary disease. Nevertheless, the presence of roundworms in the biliary tree outside endemic areas is very uncommon. The migration of these worms to the biliary system can cause biliary colic, pancreatitis, or even acute suppurative cholangitis with hepatic abscesses and septicemia. We report here on 2 infants with 14 and 15 months and a 9-year-old boy who suffered from massive biliary ascariasis and who presented with acute suppurative cholangitis. All cases were successfully treated by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography with worm extraction and adjuvant medical therapy. Physicians should be aware of ascariasis in patients with pancreatobiliary symptoms who have traveled to endemic areas or in immigrants from these areas.
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PMID:Endoscopic removal of Ascaris lumbricoides from the biliary tract as emergency treatment for acute suppurative cholangitis. 1155 71

An acute abdomen may result from various diseases, with appendicitis, cholecystitis, pancreatitis, and obstruction of the small and the large bowel as the leading causes. The quality of diagnostic imaging has been improved within the last years especially by recent developments of cross-sectional imaging modalities. Sonography is an efficient modality for detecting cholecystitis and appendicitis. Spiral computed tomography is the modality of choice in case of suspected bowel obstruction or pancreatitis.
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PMID:[Diagnostic imaging of the acute abdomen]. 1176 48


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