Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0030305 (pancreatitis)
 16,014 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The aim of this study was to determine the concentrations of ciprofloxacin in human pancreatic tissue and juice. Concentrations were measured by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Two hundred mg of ciprofloxacin were administered as a short i.v. infusion (30 min). The median ciprofloxacin concentrations 140 min (median) after the start of infusion in pancreatic tissue as well as in pancreatic juice were 0.9 mg/kg (mg/l). The penetration ratio was 1.0 for pancreatic tissue and 0.83 for pancreatic juice. With regard to the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) for the respective bacteria, ciprofloxacin seems to be an appropriate drug for the treatment of septic complications in necrotizing pancreatitis. Future clinical trials are necessary to prove this assumption.
Infection
PMID:Penetration of ciprofloxacin into the human pancreas. 784 13

Abdominal problems and catastrophes often complicate the clinical course after bone marrow transplantation (BMT) in children. These complications can be grouped into categories of infection, chemotherapy and radiation toxicity, graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), recurrent or de novo malignancy, and miscellaneous complications and can involve the hepatobiliary system, pancreas, spleen, gastrointestinal tract, and urinary tract. Infection is common after BMT: the causative organism depends on the changing immunologic state of the recipient and even on environmental factors such as recent construction, humidity, and antibiotic use. Chemotherapy and radiation therapy can cause hepatic veno-occlusive disease, pancreatitis, nephritis, and hemorrhagic cystitis. GVHD is a process in which donor lymphoid cells produce damage to recipient target organs, especially skin, liver, and intestinal mucosa. Recurrent or de novo disease or malignancies, particularly B-cell lymphomas, may develop in chronically immunocompromised children. Other problems include stone disease, splenic and renal infarction, and complications of hyperalimentation therapy. Abdominal imaging, including plain radiography, contrast material-enhanced studies of the bowel, real-time and duplex sonography, and computed tomography, is essential in diagnosing these problems and evaluating response to therapy.
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PMID:Abdominal complications in pediatric bone marrow transplant recipients. 821 May 93

The use of antibiotics in patients with severe acute pancreatitis (stage II and III) is indicated since bacterial complications are the most common cause of death in these patients. In the present study the penetration of ceftazidime into pancreatic juice, into healthy and chronically inflamed pancreatic tissue as well as into necrotic regions in cases of severe acute pancreatitis was investigated. A peak concentration of 12.9 +/- 5.9 mg/l was found 60 min after intravenous administration of 35 mg/kg of the drug, which is 32% of the corresponding serum levels. Pancreatic tissue concentrations varied between 9 and 79% of the corresponding serum levels, depending on the stage of inflammation. After five days of antibiotic treatment with doses of 2 g t.i.d., concentrations between 1.8 and 6.9 mg/kg were detected even in pancreatic necroses. This suggests that sufficient antibacterial levels of ceftazidime were present in all pancreatic compartments analyzed following administration of common therapeutic dosages. Therefore, from a pharmacokinetic point of view, ceftazidime could be a potentially effective drug for the treatment of pancreatitis.
Infection
PMID:Penetration of ceftazidime into human pancreas. 822 26

Infections from enteric bacteria are a major cause of morbidity and mortality during acute pancreatitis (AP), but the pathways by which these organisms reach distant organs remains speculative. Experiments were conducted to determine if bacterial translocation could be a mechanism for infection during this disease. AP was induced in Lewis rats by i.v. infusion of caerulein (experiment I) or ligation of the head of the pancreas (experiment II). In a third experiment, rats were gavaged with 1 x 10(8) 14C-radiolabeled Escherichia coli and pancreatitis was induced with caerulein. Results in all three experiments showed that AP increased the number of viable bacteria recovered in peritoneal fluid, mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN), liver, lungs, and pancreas. Radionuclide counting indicated that AP enhanced the gut permeability to 14C E. coli. To estimate the impact of AP on the magnitude of translocation and on the ability of the host to clear bacteria, the nuclide and colony-forming units (CFU) ratios were calculated between animals with and without AP. Blood, peritoneal fluid, and MLN had the highest nuclide ratio. During AP, these tissues may be the principal routes for bacterial spreading from the gut lumen. Peritoneal fluid, pancreas, and lung were the tissues with the highest CFU ratio. Bacterial killing ability of these tissues is likely impaired during AP.
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PMID:Bacterial translocation: a potential source for infection in acute pancreatitis. 830 91

The aim of our study was to analyze the clinical course and outcome of acute renal failure (ARF) in patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS). From 1983 to 1995, we treated 33 patients (27 males, 6 females) aged from 16 to 71 years. Half of patients were connected with work at a farm or in a forest. The disease was confirmed serologically with indirect immunofluorescence test (IFT) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In 18 patients percutaneous kidney needle biopsies were analyzed. In 85% of the cases, the disease broke out from June to October. The most frequently expressed clinical signs and symptoms were fever, nausea/vomiting, headache, backache, abdominal pain, myalgia, diarrhea, conjunctival injection, and hemorrhages. Four patients had concomitant pancreatitis. In 25 patients, oliguria was present, and transient hemodialysis treatment was needed in 19 patients. Infection with Hantaan virus was established in 20 patients and with Puumala virus in 13 patients. At renal biopsy, acute interstitial nephritis accompanied with hemorrhages and necrosis was found, and at a later biopsy there were also signs of interstitial fibrosis. All patients were cured, but renal function was not completely recovered in some. We conclude that ARF is a serious complication in patients with HFRS. Although not lethal in our group of patients, many of them showed severe signs and symptoms of illness. Transient hemodialysis was necessary in two-thirds of the patients. Some degree of functional defects and morphological changes might persist.
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PMID:Acute renal failure due to hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. 887 90

A 22-year-old man, a refugee from Bosnia, developed serious pancreatitis complicated with pseudocyst and pancreatic abscess. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from pus and blood cultures. On day 12 of illness, parotitis and epididymitis appeared with elevated specific IgG antibody levels to the mumps virus. Surgical drainage and antibiotics were necessary for complete recovery. According to our observations, a significant number of hospitalized refugees during the war in Croatia had impaired host defences probably due to prolonged stress. A negative influence of these circumstances and/or the virulence of the agent should be considered in our patient as well.
Infection
PMID:Severe pancreatitis as first symptom of mumps complicated with pseudocyst and abscess of pancreas. 903 37

Infection with the tick-borne protozoa Babesia is becoming more common. Babesiosis is usually successfully treated with antibiotics but, in some cases, apheresis may also be indicated. We report two patients with babesiosis and hemolysis treated by apheresis and antibiotics. One case had traditional indications for red blood cell (RBC) exchange, and a second patient was treated with RBC exchange, and plasmapheresis for hemolysis, probably secondary to Babesia parasitemia. Case 1 involved a 44-year-old man with chronic relapsing pancreatitis who had become infected with Babesia from a unit of RBCs transfused during surgery. At 5 weeks after surgery, fever and severe hemolysis developed, along with a hemoglobin of 69 g/L; 30% of his RBCs were found to be infected with Babesia. This patient had several postoperative complications; the babesiosis was treated with clindamycin, quinine, and three RBC exchanges. Parasitemia fell to less then 1% of RBCs, but the patient died of pancreatitis. Case 2 was a 47-year-old man with a renal transplant who had been receiving immunosuppressive therapy for 8 years. He had a history of tick bites, fever, and hemolytic anemia. Analysis of a peripheral blood smear detected Babesia. He was initially treated with antibiotic therapy and two RBC exchanges. Hemolysis improved transiently but worsening parasitemia developed later, as well as an IgG RBC autoantibody. He was then treated by plasmapheresis and RBC exchange. Although his condition improved, he had a third hemolytic episode, which was treated with plasmapheresis and RBC exchange before the parasitemia and autoimmune hemolytic anemia disappeared. In conclusion, immunosuppressed or severely ill people who become infected with Babesia may benefit from RBC exchange or plasmapheresis, or both.
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PMID:Therapeutic apheresis for babesiosis. 959 Apr 96

Infections are thought to be important in the pathogenesis of many heart diseases. Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) has been linked to chronic dilated cardiomyopathy, a common cause of progressive heart disease, heart failure and sudden death. We show here that the sarcoma (Src) family kinase Lck (p56lck) is required for efficient CVB3 replication in T-cell lines and for viral replication and persistence in vivo. Whereas infection of wild-type mice with human pathogenic CVB3 caused acute and very severe myocarditis, meningitis, hepatitis, pancreatitis and dilated cardiomyopathy, mice lacking the p56lck gene were completely protected from CVB3-induced acute pathogenicity and chronic heart disease. These data identify a previously unknown function of Src family kinases and indicate that p56lck is the essential host factor that controls the replication and pathogenicity of CVB3.
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PMID:The tyrosine kinase p56lck is essential in coxsackievirus B3-mediated heart disease. 1074 50

Infection is the most common cause of death in acute pancreatitis. Earlier studies have demonstrated that early enteral nutrition decreases microbial translocation, upregulates the immune function and reduces septic complications and mortality. Lactobacillus plantarum (Lp) has been shown to be effective in reducing egress of endotoxin and microbial strain that showed very high adherence power to gut mucosa. We adopted a model of acute pancreatitis induced by isolation and ligation of biliopancreatic duct in adult Lewis rats. Three groups were studied: A. control group (sham operation); B. induced pancreatitis, no further treatment; C. Induced pancreatitis + gavage with 5 ml/day of a suspension of Lp 299 v in a dose of 0.5-1.0 x 10(9)/ml during 4 days before and 4 days after induction of pancreatitis. All animals were sacrificed after 96 hours. Histological studies and microbiological analyses were performed. Forty out of 55 animals showed signs of severe pancreatitis on sacrifice after 96 hours. Only these animals were further studied. In group A, we found only 1/20 bacteria in mesenteric nodes (MN). Pathogenic microrganisms were found in the non-treated group in MN in 14/20 and in the pancreatic tissue in 10/20. In contrast, when kept on an umbrella of Lp 299 v, only 4/20 animals demonstrated growth of enteric bacteria in MN and 3/20 in pancreatic tissue. All of these results showed a significant reduction of infection in the treated groups. In our model, Lp 299 v is effective in preventing microbial translocation in experimental pancreatitis. Treatment with probiotic bacteria, such as Lactobacillus spp, seems to be a promising alternative as problems with antibiotic-resistant bacteria seem to accumulate.
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PMID:[A probiotic as an antagonist of bacterial translocation in experimental pancreatitis]. 1079 68

We report three cases of severe community-acquired Legionella pneumophila pneumonia with acute pancreatitis. Pancreas involvement is unusual. The clinical presentations consisted of painless pancreatitis with only elevation of serum pancreatic enzymes (case 1), tender abdomen with edematous pancreas on computed tomography scan (case 2) and necrosis (case 3). We discuss the possible mechanisms of L. pneumophila associated acute pancreatitis for which the pathophysiology is still undetermined: infection, toxin release or cytokine secretion.
Infection 2000 Sep
PMID:Acute pancreatitis caused by severe Legionella pneumophila infection. 1107 44


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