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Query: UMLS:C0030305 (pancreatitis)
 16,014 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Radiologic findings and medical records of 27 patients with angiographic documentation of splenic vein occlusion were reviewed. The most common causes were pancreatic carcinoma, pancreatitis, and malignant lymphoma. Radiographic findings which suggest splenic vein occlusion are gastric varices without esophageal varices and collateral veins in the left upper abdomen during the vascular phase of rapid sequence pyelography. Additional features may be associated with the underlying disease, such as pancreatic calcification and upper abdominal mass lesions. The diagnosis is usually confirmed by high dose celiac or splenic angiography. Examination of the stomach with barium for the detection of gastric varices is more sensitive than has been previusly recognized; features which suggest them are described. Isolated gastric varices may be a clue to isolated splenic vein occlusion and its underlying causes.
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PMID:Recognition of splenic vein occlusion. 9 86

The frequency of splenic vein obstruction secondary to pancreatic or retroperitoneal diseases has been only recently appreciated. The diagnosis is important because it frequently results in development of gastric and duodenal varices. It is often assumed that the diagnosis should only be suspected in patients with splenomegaly. This report describes 19 patients in whom splenic vein thrombosis was diagnosed by angiography although clinically unsuspected. In 11, the spleen was normal in size although extensive gastric varices were present. In 3 patients the presenting problem was massive hematemesis. Review of the upper gastrointestinal examinations in these patients showed thickened gastric or duodenal folds although in the absence of esophageal varices, the diagnosis was not made prior to angiography. More liberal use of angiography in patients with an appropriate clinical background, such as a history of pancreatitis, may lead to earlier and more frequent diagnosis of splenic vein obstruction. Varices that result from splenic vein obstruction can be cured by splenectomy.
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PMID:Splenic vein thrombosis in patients with a normal size spleen. 57 63

Fourteen cases of upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) were reviewed: 6 (group A) were caused by pancreatitis, 3 (group B) by hemobilia, and 5 (group C) by rupture of esophageal varices due to arterioportal shunts. Elective endoscopy carried out in 7 patients in groups A and B was negative; in 2 actively bleeding patients in group A emergency endoscopy could not detect the source of hemorrhage. Endoscopy was carried out in 4 patients in group C for diagnosis and sclerosis, but severe hemorrhage recurred in spite of treatment. Ultrasonography (US) and computed tomography (CT) were carried out prior to angiography in 5 and 4 patients, respectively, and always suggested a parenchymal lesion. All patients underwent angiography. Transcatheter control of the hemorrhage was attempted as an emergency in 2 patients (as a presurgical step in one); elective embolization was the treatment of choice for 8 patients, with good results in 6. This study suggests the usefulness of US and CT both in the detection of parenchymal lesions causing UGIB not clarified by endoscopy, and in the selection of patients for angiographic treatment.
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PMID:Vascular parenchymal sources of upper gastrointestinal bleeding. 264 86

The selective distal splenorenal shunt is the preferred portal decompression procedure for patients with refractory bleeding esophageal varices. An autogenous jugular vein interposition graft in the distal splenorenal position obviates the tedious struggle associated with mobilizing the splenic vein from the pancreatic substance, thereby lessening blood loss, avoiding postoperative pancreatitis and shortening operative time. An autogenous jugular vein interposition distal splenorenal shunt can, therefore, be performed with less morbidity while affording the same physiologic benefits as the standard distal splenorenal shunt.
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PMID:The jugular vein as an interposition graft in the distal splenorenal shunt. 404 7

The classical presentation of choledocal cyst has been regarded as a triad of abdominal pain, jaundice and a palpable abdominal mass; unusual presentations include rupture of the choledocal cyst with bile peritonitis, pancreatitis and bleeding esophageal varices. We are reporting 3 children presenting clinically as recurrent acute pancreatitis with elevated serum amylase and found to have type I choledocal cyst. Despite elevated serum amylase there was no evidence of pancreatic inflammation at laparotomy. High amylase concentration was found in fluid contained within the cyst. This was probably responsible for the elevated serum amylase and also the inflammatory reaction seen in the wall of the choledocal cyst. These cases support the hypothesis that pancreatic reflux into the bile ducts is the etiological factor in the development of choledocal cyst. Our 3 cases were treated by cyst excision and have remained asymptomatic. The presence of hyperamylasemia should not delay appropriate surgical management. The treatment of choice is cyst excision, since it will eliminate factors contributing to the development of cholangitis and hyperamylasemia.
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PMID:Fictitious pancreatitis in choledochal cyst. 618 Dec 41

Acute respiratory failure had occurred in 89 of 1594 patients in a medical intensive care unit (5.6%), 26.8% of all patients (332) on long-term mechanical ventilation. Compared with the other chronically ventilated patients those with acute respiratory failure averaged a lower age, the proportion of women was higher and the duration of ventilation longer. The death rate was significantly higher (78.7% compared with 58.3%). The important prognostic factors included the underlying disease, additional abnormal organ function, severity of pulmonary gas exchange abnormality, and advanced age. If there was septicaemia, peritonitis, liver cirrhosis with bleeding oesophageal varices or polytrauma with acute renal failure the death rate was over 80%; after hypovolaemic shock, pancreatitis or postoperative pulmonary failure it was less than 65%. Patients who had abnormal function of at most one other organ in addition and an inspiratory arterial pO2 difference below 250 mm Hg, measured 12 hours after onset of mechanical ventilation, had a relatively favourable prognosis with a death rate of 33%, while in the other groups of patients it was 86-100%.
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PMID:[Acute respiratory failure in a medical intensive care unit. Incidence and prognosis]. 636 69

Two cases of intestinal neurofibromas which were demonstrated during mesenteric arteriography are described. In 1 patient, tumors located in the jejunum and distal ileum were the apparent source of gastrointestinal bleeding. In another case, a neurofibroma of the proximal jejunum was an incidental finding during evaluation for severe pancreatitis and bleeding from esophageal varices.
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PMID:Angiographic demonstration of gastrointestinal neurofibromas in von Recklinghausen's disease. 641 89

Eleven of 16 patients with splenic vein thrombosis subsequent to pancreatitis had variceal hemorrhage. variceal development tends to occur in the stomach, although esophageal varices may also occur, and is a result of left-sided or segmental portal hypertension. The antecedent pancreatitis may be quite mild and produce minimal symptoms. Angiography is required to establish the diagnosis as endoscopic detection of gastric varices is difficult and unreliable. Splenectomy is the definitive treatment, although transgastric ligation of varices must be added if active bleeding is taking place.
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PMID:Gastrointestinal hemorrhage from left-sided portal hypertension. An unappreciated complication of pancreatitis. 697 1

Controversy still surrounds the place of portalsystemic shunting in the therapy of bleeding esophageal varices. Recently, a selective shunt, the distal splenorenal shunt, has achieved some degree of popularity and, apparently, is associated with less chronic encephalopathy. Because of this, a trial was initiated at the Massachusetts General Hospital and continued at the University of Cincinnati Medical Center, prospectively randomizing central and distal splenorenal shunts in consecutive elective cases of patients with established variceal bleeding. Preoperative evaluation included endoscopic examination at the time of hemorrhage, angiography and upper gastrointestinal series, emphasis on mental function including EEG, amino acids, neurologic examination, as well as standard liver chemistries. Nineteen patients underwent central splenorenal shunts and 23 distal splenorenal shunt. There was one operative death from hemorrhagic pancreatitis in a Child's Class A patient with distal splenorenal shunt. Four late deaths, from gunshot wound, auto accident, overwhelming pneumonitis similar to postsplenectomy syndrome, and metastatic carcinoma (2.5 years after operation), have been recorded in the distal splenorenal shunt group, and none in the central splenorenal shunt group. On follow-up angiographic examination, six shunts have clotted, with three patients requiring reoperation, generally mesocaval shunt. There has been no chronic encephalopathy, three individual episodes of encephalopathy, two in the central splenorenal shunt group and one in the distal splenorenal shunt group, two associated with gastrointestinal bleeding and one with intercurrent infection and overdiuresis. Follow-up liver chemistries and amino acids which may be useful as an indicator of hepatic function suggest that although the distal shunt group had a better amino acid pattern before operation, branched-chain amino acids tend to become lower in the distal group while remaining the same in the central group. Aromatic amino acids increase post shunt, equally in the two groups. The results do not support the contention that distal splenorenal shunt is associated either with greater survival or freedom from encephalopathy than central splenorenal shunt, a small side-to-side shunt. Ascites seems better controlled by the central splenorenal shunt.
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PMID:Comparison of distal and proximal splenorenal shunts: a randomized prospective trial. 697 43

Involvement of the splenic venous outflow tract by pancreatic disease can cause localized splenic venous hypertension and esophageal varices. Resolution of this problem resides in splenectomy and distal pancreatectomy or perhaps splenectomy alone. Although this phenomenon most commonly arises from thrombosis of the splenic vein by adjacent pancreatitis, we report a case arising from nonocclusive obstruction of the splenic vein by an adjacent pancreatic pseudotumor.
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PMID:Left-sided portal hypertension from pancreatic pseudotumor. 698 47


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