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Query: UMLS:C0030305 (pancreatitis)
 16,014 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The incidence of gastrointestinal trauma is low in comparison with solid organ injury to the abdomen. The most commonly injured organs are the small bowel and colon. Knowledge of the mechanism of injury alerts the nurse to areas of potential injury and guides the clinical examination. Because of the delayed presentation of these injuries, the nurse must have a high degree of suspicion for the patient who presents with the following clinical findings: bruising of the abdomen, abdominal tenderness or guarding, leukocytosis and elevated amylase and lipase, absent or decreased bowel sounds, and abdominal distention. Morbidity and mortality are directly related to the failure to treat the injuries early and the number of associated injuries. Monitoring of the hemodynamic, respiratory, and metabolic status, along with fluid and electrolyte balance, are key in the management of patients. Surveillance for signs of infection is mandatory for preventing sepsis in these types of injuries. Maintenance of skin integrity is a major concern and requires vigilant nursing care and, in some instances, innovative ways to manage the drainage from wounds and drains. Continuous monitoring and surveillance of the patient with trauma to the gastrointestinal tract will alert the nurse to the injury and prevent complications. These include hemorrhage, abscess, fistula, peritonitis, pancreatitis, esophageal stricture, and wound problems.
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PMID:Gastrointestinal trauma. 844 90

Cystic fibrosis (CF), the most common lethal autosomal recessive disease in white populations, is characterized by dysfunctional chloride ion transport across epithelial surfaces. Although recurrent pulmonary infections and pulmonary insufficiency are the principal causes of morbidity and death, gastrointestinal symptoms commonly precede the pulmonary findings and may suggest the diagnosis in infants and young children. The protean gastrointestinal manifestations of CF result primarily from abnormally viscous luminal secretions within hollow viscera and the ducts of solid organs. Bowel obstruction may be present at birth due to meconium ileus or meconium plug syndrome. Complications of meconium ileus include volvulus, small bowel atresia, perforation, and meconium peritonitis with abdominal calcifications. Older children with CF may present with bowel obstruction due to distal intestinal obstruction syndrome or colonic stricture, and tenacious intestinal residue may serve as a lead point for intussusception or cause recurrent rectal prolapse. Radiologic studies often demonstrate thickened intestinal mucosal folds in older children and uncommonly show colonic pneumatosis, peptic esophageal stricture due to gastroesophageal reflux, and duodenal ulcer. Appendicitis due to inspissated secretions is uncommon. Obstruction of ducts and ductules produces exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, pancreatitis, cholestasis, cholelithiasis, and cirrhosis with portal hypertension. On imaging studies, the pancreas is commonly small and largely replaced by fat, sometimes displays calcifications, and is rarely replaced by macrocysts. Radiologic features of hepatobiliary disease include an enlarged radiolucent liver from steatosis, gallstones, a shrunken nodular liver, splenomegaly, and portosystemic collateral vessels. With the improved survival of CF patients, an increased risk for developing gastrointestinal carcinomas has been established, many occurring as early as the 3rd decade.
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PMID:Gastrointestinal manifestations of cystic fibrosis: radiologic-pathologic correlation. 883 77

A case is described where accidental acid ingestion resulted in the development of oesophageal stricture and complete gastric outlet obstruction. Following a smoothly conducted pre-surgery endoscopic examination the patient developed acute pancreatitis, which, on initial clinical examination, was diagnosed as a viscus perforation. The severity of pancreatitis was such as to lead to disseminated intravascular coagulopathy and ultimately death. The interest lies in the fact that pancreatitis was precipitated in a previously traumatised stomach by such an innocuous procedure as fibre-optic endoscopy.
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PMID:Complete gastric outlet obstruction following acid ingestion complicated by acute pancreatitis and disseminated intravascular coagulation. 933 29