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Query: UMLS:C0030305 (pancreatitis)
 16,014 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cerebral fat embolism was established as the cause of death in a 34-year-old man with acute pancreatitis. Encephalopathy complicating pancreatitis may be due to hypoxia secondary to pulmonary fat embolism, cerebral fat embolism, or the complicating syndromes of disseminated intravascular coagulation or hyperosmolality.
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PMID:Pancreatic encephalopathy. 32 Jun 76

A patient who became blind following an episode of alcohol-induced pancreatitis is described. The clinical appearance of this patient's retinal changes corresponds most closely to post-traumatic (Purtscher's) retinopathy. The etiology of the retinopathy is best explained by retinal vascular occlusion due either to fat embolism or thrombosis.
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PMID:Purtscher's retinopathy in acute pancreatitis. 101 14

A report is presented on two patients with severe visual loss and scotoma following an episode of alcohol-induced pancreatitis. A 35-year-old man with pancreatitis developed visual loss in both eyes. Ophthalmoscopic examination revealed extensive ischemic infarcts with bilateral hemorrhage and cotton-wool spots, a clinical picture similar to that of (post-traumatic) Purtscher's retinopathy. Goldmann visual fields demonstrated paracentral scotomas. Fundoscopic lesions had disappeared 3 months after the acute event and visual acuity improved gradually from 0.1 to 1.0. In a 36-year-old man, cerebral infarction was established by CT as a possible cause of visual loss. CSF examination revealed Sudan-III positive material suggesting cerebral fat embolism as the cause of cerebral infarcts. Visual fields showed central scotomas. During the 4-year follow-up period there was a gradual improvement in visual acuity.
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PMID:[Loss of vision as a complication of acute pancreatitis]. 338 68

The therapeutic goals for fluid replacement in 9 patients were studied. Five cases in sepsis, 2 in necrotizing pancreatitis and 2 in fat embolism were treated as dehydration or hypovolemia. Fluid replacement was performed with the view of obtaining the amelioration of circulation and urine output, even if CVP or PCWP had been elevated on admission. The values of CVP and PCWP, renal function and pulmonary function were assessed retrospectively. Out of 9 patients, one died of refractory shock, brain edema due to fat embolism and remaining one after recovery of shock. Out of 6 survivors, 2 showed oliguric renal failure, and 2 nonoliguric renal failure. The volume of administered fluid ranged from 5445 ml/10 hrs to 15820 ml/14 hrs and speeds of fluid administration were 545 ml/hr to 1248 ml/hr. CVP value on admission ranged from 4.0 to 22.0 cmH2O (3.0 to 16.3 mmHg), mean value 14.0 +/- 6.5 cmH2O. Through the course, the highest CVP and PCWP ranged from 12.5 to 26.5 (mean 19.8) mmHg and 14 to 36 (mean 20.9) mmHg, respectively. Out of 9 patients, 8 were suffering from respiratory distress, however, 7 recovered by PEEP except for one refractory shock. High values of CVP or PCWP could be recognized even if in hypovolemic shock and/or septic shock. Maintenance of higher values (18-20 mmHg) in CVP and/or PCWP during fluid resuscitation might be recommended because adequate fluid resuscitation could sustain the renal function, and result in good outcome.
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PMID:[Therapeutic goals for fluid management in profound shock]. 382 15

Several medical complications can occur after scoliosis surgery in children and adolescents. They include the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone; pancreatitis; cholelithiasis; superior mesenteric artery syndrome; ileus; pnemothorax; hemothorax; chylothorax; and fat embolism. This review focuses on the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of the various conditions that occur after correction of spinal deformity. Attention is given to recent literature specifically related to scoliosis surgery. Surgical complications like urinary tract infection, wound infection, and hardware failure will not be addressed.
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PMID:Medical complications in scoliosis surgery. 1117 41

Fat embolism occurs following fractures of a long bone or arthroplasty. We investigated whether paradoxical embolisation through a venous-to-arterial circulation shunt (v-a) could lead to cerebral embolisation during elective hip or knee arthroplasty. Transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD), following the intravenous injection of microbubble contrast, identified the presence of a shunt in 41 patients undergoing hip (n = 20) or knee (n = 21) arthroplasty. Intra-operative cerebral embolism was detected during continuous TCD monitoring. Of the 41 patients, 34 had a v-a shunt of whom 18 had an embolism and embolism only occurred in patients with a shunt (p = 0.012). Spontaneous and larger shunts were associated with a greater number of emboli (rs = 0.67 and rs = 0.71 respectively, p < 0.01). Observations in two patients with large spontaneous shunts revealed 368 and 203 emboli and unexplained post-operative confusion and pancreatitis. Paradoxical cerebral embolisation only occurred in patients with a shunt and may explain both postoperative confusion and fat embolism syndrome following surgery.
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PMID:Paradoxical cerebral embolisation. An explanation for fat embolism syndrome. 1476 73

27 year old patient with a history of alcohol abuse after consumption of fat meal and wine following epigastric pain noticed sudden bilateral visual loss: right eye logMAR 0, 94, left eye logMAR 1, 22. Retinal examination revealed massive edema in the central part of the retina, multiple cotton wool spots in the posterior pole peripapillary and flame-shaped hemorrhages. On the OCT, there was edema most of all in the inner part of the retina, but also subretinal, hyperreflectivity in the nerve fibre layers corresponding to massive cotton wool spots. Fluorescein angiography in the early phases showed hypofluorescent ischemic areas of the retina subsequently leakage developed in the late phases. Immediately after antibiotic and spasmoanalgetic treatment of the pancreatitis visual acuity improved and 2 months after beginning of the therapy visual acuity is logMAR 0 bilateraly. We proposed that the most suspected cause of Purtscher-like retinopathy in this case is fat embolism.
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PMID:[Purtscher-like retinopathy in acute alcoholic pancreatitis: fluorescein angiography and optical coherence tomography findings]. 2139 69

Fat embolism syndrome (FES) is an ill-defined clinical entity that arises from the systemic manifestations of fat emboli within the microcirculation. Embolized fat within capillary beds cause direct tissue damage as well as induce a systemic inflammatory response resulting in pulmonary, cutaneous, neurological, and retinal symptoms. This is most commonly seen following orthopedic trauma; however, patients with many clinical conditions including bone marrow transplant, pancreatitis, and following liposuction. No definitive diagnostic criteria or tests have been developed, making the diagnosis of FES difficult. While treatment for FES is largely supportive, early operative fixation of long bone fractures decreases the likelihood of a patient developing FES.
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PMID:Fat embolism syndrome. 2372 88

The use of intravenous lipid emulsion (ILE) therapy as antidote in systemic toxicity of certain agents has gained widespread support. There are increasing data suggesting use of ILE in reversing from local anesthetic-induced systemic toxicity severe, life-threatening cardiotoxicity, although findings are contradictory. Efficiency of ILE was demonstrated in animal studies in the treatment of severe impairment of cardiac functions, via a mechanism for trapping lipophilic drugs in an expanded plasma lipid compartment ("lipid sink"). In patients with hemodynamic compromise and/or cardiovascular collapse due to lipid-soluble agents, ILE may be considered for resuscitation in the acute setting by emergency physicians. The most common adverse effects from standard ILE include hypertriglyceridemia, fat embolism, infection, vein irritation, pancreatitis, electrolyte disturbances and allergic reactions. The advantages of ILE include an apparent wide margin of safety, relatively low cost, long shelf-life, and ease of administration.
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PMID:Use of lipid emulsion therapy in local anesthetic overdose. 2891 61