Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0030305 (pancreatitis)
 16,014 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Tumor-associated trypsin inhibitor (TATI) is a 6,000 Daltons peptide, which is synthesized by several tumors and cell lines. TATI is identical to pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor (PSTI). This peptide is also produced by the mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract, where it is thought to protect the mucosal cells from proteolytic breakdown. Elevated serum and urine levels of TATI occur in connection with many types of cancer, especially mucinous ovarian cancer. Elevated levels may also occur in nonmalignant diseases, e.g. in pancreatitis, severe infections and tissue destruction. Thus TATI may behave as an acute phase reactant. Tumors producing TATI often express tumor-associated trypsinogen. Elevation of TATI in cancer and pancreatic disease is therefore associated with expression of trypsin, but such a connection has not been demonstrated in inflammatory disease. TATI can inhibit trypsin-mediated degradation of extracellular matrix by tumor cells. Therefore its role may be to control the activation of tumor-associated trypsinogen. TATI has also been shown to possess growth factor activity in vitro, but it is not known whether this is a physiological function.
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PMID:Biology and function of tumor-associated trypsin inhibitor, TATI. 178 Jun 91

Dynamic positron emission tomography (PET) was performed following an intravenous bolus injection of 15O-water for the assessment of regional pancreatic blood flow in 4 normal volunteers and 11 patients with pancreatic cancer. The regional pancreatic blood flow index (PFI) was calculated by the autoradiographic method assuming the time-activity curves of the aorta as an input function. The mean PFI value was 0.514 +/- 0.098 in the normal pancreas but it was decreased in pancreatic cancer (0.249 +/- 0.076) (p less than 0.01), with a concomitant decrease in the pancreatic region distal to the tumor. On the other hand, in cases with body or tail cancer, the part proximal to the tumor (nontumorous head region) had a similar PFI value (0.554 +/- 0.211) to that of normal cases. Thus, a PET study with 15O-water permits quantitative assessment of pancreatic blood flow which decreased in both pancreatic cancer and concomitant obstructive pancreatitis distal to the tumor.
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PMID:Assessment of pancreatic blood flow with positron emission tomography and oxygen-15 water. 179 67

Diagnostic ability of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) was evaluated in 41 patients with pancreatic cancer who underwent surgery 1 to 43 days following MRI. MRI of surgical specimens revealed that pancreatic cancer and caudal pancreatitis showed similar intensities when compared with the normal pancreas. The usefulness of the contrast medium, Gadolinium diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (Gd-DTPA), was confirmed in the differentiation between cancer and caudal pancreatitis. In the diagnosis of tumor extension, portal vein invasion was better diagnosed by MRI than by angiography. (Spearman's rank correlation test showed higher correlation in MRI than in angiography, p = 0.501, 0.464, respectively.) In the diagnosis of the invasion to the anterior pancreatic capsule its sensitivity was 43%, specificity 81% and efficiency 59%. Retropancreatic invasion was diagnosed with a sensitivity of 48%, a specificity of 90% and an efficiency of 59%. Lymph-node metastasis was well demonstrated especially near the pancreas but beyond them it was difficult. The liver metastasis was correctly diagnosed in 7 of 9 cases and was confirmed by laparotomy.
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PMID:[Studies on magnetic resonance imaging of pancreatic cancer]. 182 3

The relationship between selected aspects of medical history and the risk of colorectal cancer was analysed using data from a case-control study of 673 cases of colon cancer, 405 of rectal cancer and 1501 controls in hospital for acute, non-neoplastic, non-digestive tract conditions, unrelated to known or suspected risk factor for large bowel cancer. Significantly elevated risks (RR) were observed for history of cholelithiasis (RR = 1.5 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1-2.1] for colon; 1.6 [1.2-6.4] for rectum) and diabetes (1.6 [1.1-2.3] for colon; 1.3 [0.8-2.0] for rectum), and a significant protection emerged for history of drug allergy (0.6 [0.4-0.9] for colon; 0.6 [0.5-1.0] for rectum). No significant association was found with thyroid disease, gastroduodenal ulcer, liver cirrhosis, hepatitis, pancreatitis, gastrectomy, appendicectomy, treatment with cimetidine/ranitidine, treatment with chenodesoxycholic acid or with blood transfusions. The associations with cholelithiasis, diabetes and drug allergy were not materially modified by allowance for major identified potential confounding factors, and were not restricted to the diseases diagnosed within 5 or 10 years before large bowel cancer diagnosis. Thus, the analysis of this large dataset offered further quantitative evidence suggesting a possible, however moderate, association between gallbladder disease and colorectal cancer risk, which may be related to enhanced or continuous secretion of secondary bile acids. The associations with diabetes and drug allergy were unexpected, and probably indirect, lacking previous epidemiological support or any obvious biological interpretation. Thus, they should be simply regarded as working hypotheses worthy of further consideration.
Eur J Cancer 1991
PMID:History of selected diseases and the risk of colorectal cancer. 182 66

Cytologic brushings of ductal lesions noted at ERCP are a reliable method of diagnosing malignancy. However, prior studies have involved only small numbers of patients. This study presents the results of attempted brushings in 69 patients. A satisfactory specimen was obtained in 62 patients (90%). The overall sensitivity was 44% with 100% specificity. Common bile duct brushings had a higher sensitivity rate than did pancreatic brushings. Similarly, biliary tract cancer was more likely to be diagnosed than was pancreatic cancer by brushing. Markedly atypical cells were identified in 36% of patients with a false negative cytology result. These findings were not seen in patients with benign disease. Two patients developed mild pancreatitis and one developed cholangitis. It is unclear what role the act of brushing had on causing these complications.
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PMID:Cytologic brushings of ductal lesions during ERCP. 185 8

This study was conducted to clarify the relationship between indicators of preoperative glucose tolerance and quantitative changes of endocrine cells in the islet of Langerhans in patients with chronic obstructive pancreatitis due to pancreatoduodenal cancer. Twenty-one specimens of pancreatic tissue obtained from patients who underwent pancreatoduodenectomy or total pancreatectomy for pancreatoduodenal cancer were divided into four groups according to the degree of fibrosis (Grades 0-III). Islet cells in serial sections were stained immunohistochemically to determine the proportions of B-, A-, D-, and PP-cells in the islets of Langerhans. In patients with pancreatic tissue with the most severe fibrosis, of several preoperative glucose metabolism indices measured, it was found that the ratio of integrated value of change in serum insulin to that of serum glucose (sigma delta IRI:sigma delta BS) was significantly decreased. There was a significant positive correlation between proportion of B-cells, and both the ratio of change in insulin to that of glucose (delta IRI:delta BS) and sigma delta IRI:sigma delta BS. On the other hand, there was a significant negative correlation between proportion of A-cells and sigma delta IRI:sigma delta BS. The present data strongly suggest that it is possible to estimate the degree of fibrosis and to quantify changes of the islet cells prior to surgery in patients with obstructive pancreatitis due to pancreatoduodenal cancer by calculating these glucose metabolism indices, and that sigma delta IRI:sigma delta BS is a particularly useful index.
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PMID:Relationship between glucose tolerance and quantitative changes of islet cells in chronic obstructive pancreatitis due to pancreatoduodenal cancer. 185 38

After a brief review of the literature the authors present three cases of acute postoperative pancreatitis in patient operated for different reasons with lethal outcome. In one patient the complication developed after duodeno-hemipancreatectomy and is the only patient with such complication (2 per cent) of 50 patients in whom radical operation was performed for cancer of the pancreas over the period Jan. 1983-May 1990. The current aspects of the etiology, treatment and above all of the prophylaxis of acute postoperative pancreatitis, which is a very serious postoperative complication with very high case fatality rate (up to 77 per cent, according to data in the literature) are discussed.
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PMID:[3 cases of acute postoperative pancreatitis]. 189 3

Celiac plexus block is usually performed under fluoroscopic or tomodensitometric guidance. We report on a new procedure using sonographic guidance. The patient lies in supine position. We use a real-time sonograph (Kontron Sigma 1 AC) with a 3.5 MHz probe. On a transverse plane, the celiac axis is localized emerging from aorta. After local anesthesia, the tip of the spinal needle (177 mm, 22 G) is placed close to aorta (about 5 mm) on both sides. 10 to 15 ml of 1 per cent lidocaine then 10 to 15 ml of absolute alcohol are injected on each side. 21 patients (10 males, 11 females, mean age: 61) underwent the procedure. They presented with cancer of the pancreas in 14 cases, metastatic nodes in 3 cases, cholangiocarcinoma in 2 cases and chronic calcifying pancreatitis (CCP) in 2 cases. No pain relief occurred in 3 patients (14 per cent). On of those presented with CCP but the endoscopic cystic diversion of a small cyst was successful to eradicate pain. Partial pain relief occurred in 5 cases (24 per cent). Total pain relief was obtained in 13 cases (62 per cent). No complication related to the treatment was observed. Sonography is a simple and safe method of guidance to perform alcohol block of the celiac plexus. The anterior approach may prevent neurologic complications related to other methods of guidance.
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PMID:[Percutaneous alcoholization of the celiac plexus under echographic guidance: an alternative to splanchnicectomy? Study of 21 cases]. 192 97

Results are reported of endoscopic treatment of 79 patients with atypical anatomical variants and anomalies of the bile ducts: common bile duct calculosis (54), stenosing papillo-odditis (8), indurative pancreatitis (2) and bile duct cancer (15). The following endoscopic manipulations have been performed: endoscopic sphincterotomy (72); hydrostatic balloon extraction of calculi (27); hydrostatic balloon dilatation of constricted segments (29); mechanical lithotripsy (15); nasolabial drainage (17) and endoprosthesis (15). Much more difficult was the extraction of calculi from the common bile in the event of atypical anatomical variants and anomalies of the distal portion of the common bile duct (chi 2 = 14.55; p less than 0.001). Treatment resulted in significant reduction of the bilirubin levels (t = 4.13; p less than 0.001), of AP (t = 4.47; p less than 0.001), GGTP (t = 4.07; p less than 0.001); AcAT (t = 5.75; p less than 0.001) and AlAT (t = 5.63; p less than 0.001). Complications occurred in 6 per cent of the patients (acute pancreatitis, cholangitis, hemorrhage). Mortality from endoscopic treatment was 1.3 per cent. Endoscopic methods for treatment are advised as alternative to operative treatment for patients in advanced age and high operative risk.
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PMID:[Atypical anatomical variants and anomalies of the biliary tract in patients with biliary tract and pancreatic diseases. II. Endoscopic treatment]. 194 10

Molecular size distribution of serum elastase 1 was investigated, by means of Sephadex G-200 gel filtration, in 10 patients with acute pancreatitis and in 19 patients with pancreatic cancer associated with high values of serum elastase 1. The elution profile of immunoreactive elastase 1 (IRE1) showed a single peak in the molecular position of the alpha 1-antitrypsin-elastase 1 (alpha 1-AT-E1) complex in all 10 patients with acute pancreatitis, six of seven patients with cancer of the pancreatic body-tail, and in the two patients with cancer of the pancreatic uncinate without poststenotic dilatation of the main pancreatic duct. The elution profile of all patients with pancreatic head cancer and one of seven patients with pancreatic body-tail cancer with a poststenotic dilatation of the main pancreatic duct showed two peaks: the first was eluted in the position of the alpha 1-AT-E1 complex, and the second was eluted between alpha 1-AT-E1 and elastase 1. The molecular weight of the IRE1 appearing specifically in patients with cancer of the pancreatic head was about 46,000 to 48,000, which was different from the 30,500 molecular weight of (pro)elastase 1. It is possible that proelastase 1 binding with an unknown substance exists in patients with pancreatic cancer. These data suggest that the stenosis or obstruction of the pancreatic duct by cancer probably liberates proelastase 1 from the normal pancreatic acinal cells into the blood. Therefore, the determination of the molecular size distribution of elastase 1 in the serum appears useful in the differential diagnosis of acute pancreatitis and pancreatic head cancer accompanied by pancreatitis.
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PMID:Serum elastase 1 appears specific for cancer of the pancreatic head. 196 22


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