Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0030305 (pancreatitis)
 16,014 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Chronic pancreatitis and carcinoma of the pancreas are being diagnosed with increasing frequency throughout the world. When both occur together, the question of their causal relationship arises. Secondary chronic pancreatitis following carcinoma of the pancreas is relatively frequent and can be proven histologically in at least 10% of pancreatic cancers. How often primary chronic pancreatitis develops into carcinoma is controversial. So far, there are only a few prospective clinical studies of chronic pancreatitis which cover this problem. We have followed 146 cases of chronic pancreatitis for an average of 8.7 years. Two thirds of our patients show pancreatic calcifications. Our series includes a family with congenital pancreatic insufficiency. So far only one adenocarcinoma of the head of the pancreas has been diagnosed in a 58-year-old male. Another 57-year-old male patient died from a solid metastatic carcinoma, probably of pancreatic origin. Therefore, the incidence of pancreatic cancer in our series is 0.7 and 1.4% respectively. However, 8 more patients suffering from extrapancreatic malignancies have turned up during the follow-up period: 2 cancers of the tongue, 2 colonic carcinomas, 2 bladder papillomas, and 1 bronchial and 1 gastric carcinoma. Our studies indicate that carcinoma of the pancreas probably does not occur more frequently in chronic non-hereditary pancreatitis than in the average population. A review of the literature suggests that there may be a higher incidence of carcinoma in families with hereditary chronic pancreatitis. The frequency of extrapancreatic cancer in our patients is remarkable. As pancreatic carcinoma is rare in chronic pancreatitis there is no reason for early aggressive surgery, e.g. pancreatectomy, in these patients.
 ...
PMID:[Pancreatic carcinoma in chronic pancreatitis]. 114 57

Thirty right hepatic arteries discovered among 137 celiomesenteric angiographies show the high frequency (22%) of this variation. Radiologic anatomy of the right hepatic artery was discussed; with the exception of one atheromatous stenosis, the pathologic findings of the right hepatic artery and its terminal branches illustrate the development of a regional disease (12 cases or 40%). This assumed pathology is divided half in pancreatic causes (neoplasm, pancreatitis, pseudocysts) and half in hepatobiliary causes (metastatic cancer of the liver, cancer of the hilus, cirrhosis, hydatid cyst, alveolar echinococcosis or angioma). Five times the surgical technic was modified because of the right hepatic artery. Since these observations were made, we are studying the consequences of this hepatic artery over surgical technics and the approach to the various segments of this artery.
 ...
PMID:A study of thirty right hepatic arteries. 125 99

Tropical pancreatitis differs in many respects from the chronic pancreatitis seen in Western countries. The present study was carried out to evaluate the role of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of tropical pancreatitis (TP) and to characterize the ultrasound findings in tropical pancreatitis. Patients referred with a suspected diagnosis of tropical pancreatitis formed the subjects for the study. Plain x-rays of the abdomen, ultrasonography, and endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography (ERCP) were carried out in all cases. Of the 25 cases, 17 patients had ERCP evidence of pancreatitis. Duct dilatation (82%) and demonstration of calculi were the most common ultrasound findings. Pancreatic atrophy (53%) was also a major feature of TP. Compared with ERCP, ultrasonography had a sensitivity of 94% and a specificity of 100%. Only one case with mild changes in ERCP was missed by ultrasonography. For the diagnosis and planning of surgery in TP, ultrasonography can replace ERCP. Even complications like cysts and malignancies are detected by ultrasonography.
 ...
PMID:Ultrasound imaging in tropical pancreatitis. 132 10

The expressions of epidermal growth factors (EGF), epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR), and the c-erbB-2 oncoprotein were immunohistochemically examined in 25 cases of human pancreatic carcinoma and epineoplastic pancreatitis and in 10 non-cancerous/non-inflammatory pancreatic tissues. The positive rates of EGF, EGFR, and the c-erbB-2 oncoprotein in cancer tissues were 72%, 36%, and 28%, respectively. EGF was stained mainly in the cytoplasm and partly on the surfaces of the cancer cells. EGFR and the c-erbB-2 oncoprotein were stained mainly on the surfaces of the cancer cells and partly in the cytoplasm. The expressions of these 3 products correlated significantly with tumor invasion into the anterior and posterior areas surrounding the pancreas. In the EGF, EGFR, and c-erbB-2 positive cancer tissues, some stromal cells, that is fibroblasts and endothelial cells, were also positive. In the adjacent pancreatic tissues with inflammation, these products were noted in some ductal cells, acinar cells, fibroblasts and endothelial cells. No distinct staining was detected in non-cancerous/non-inflammatory tissues. The survival period for patients who tested positive for these three proteins was statistically shorter than for those who tested negative. These results suggest that the coexpression of EGF and EGFR and the expression of the c-erbB-2 oncoprotein are related to the existence of the invasion of human pancreatic cancer. Furthermore, an immunohistochemical examination of these three products is useful in forming a prognosis for pancreatic cancer patients.
 ...
PMID:The immunohistochemical expressions of epidermal growth factors, epidermal growth factor receptors and c-erbB-2 oncoprotein in human pancreatic cancer. 134 73

Surgery for chronic pancreatitis may be indicated for local complications, or if the differential diagnosis between cancer and pancreatitis is uncertain, or if pain does not respond to conservative treatment. Local complications of chronic pancreatitis are the most frequent indications for operation. Pseudocysts are often associated with other local complications, and a high mortality rate is observed when haemorrhage occurs. Duodenopancreatectomy can be performed with low mortality, and is indicated if malignancy cannot be excluded, or in the patient with medically intractable pain in whom a pancreatico-jejunostomy is technically not feasible.
 ...
PMID:[Surgery of chronic pancreatitis]. 135 5

Great strides have been made in the therapy of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Currently approved drugs include zidovudine and didanosine. A third drug, dideoxycytidine (zalcitibine), has recently been filed for approval with the Food and Drug Administration. All these drugs work through inhibition of the reverse transcriptase enzyme. Zidovudine is the only drug that has shown clinical efficacy against HIV. Treatment of patients with advanced HIV disease (i.e., acquired immune deficiency syndrome [AIDS] or symptomatic infection with < 200 CD4+ lymphocytes per mm3), results in a prolongation and improved quality of life. Zidovudine is the only antiretroviral agent approved for the treatment of asymptomatic patients. Early intervention with zidovudine has been shown to delay progression to AIDS when patients' CD4+ lymphocyte counts decline to less than 500/mm3, irrespective of clinical signs or symptoms of HIV infection. Didanosine is currently indicated for the treatment of patients with advanced HIV disease who are intolerant to or failing zidovudine therapy. The major toxicity of zidovudine is bone marrow suppression with anemia and granulocytopenia (which occurs in from 1% to 45% of patients, depending on the clinical stage of disease and the dose of the drug). Didanosine and zalcitibine have both been associated with a severe peripheral neuropathy, which is generally reversible on cessation of the drug. In addition, didanosine has been implicated as a cause of pancreatitis that has been fatal in a small percentage of cases. The toxicities of didanosine and zalcitibine range from 1% to 10%, depending on dose, duration of therapy, and the presence of underlying HIV-related peripheral neuropathy or a previous history of pancreatitis. The clinical hallmark of HIV infection is the development of opportunistic infections and malignancies, which are a consequence of the profound immunodeficiency. The risk of an opportunistic infection increases significantly as the T-helper lymphocyte count declines to less than 20%, or 200 to 250/mm3. The spectrum of opportunistic infections ranges from viruses to protozoa. Patients with advanced HIV disease are also at increased risk of infection with nonopportunistic, community-acquired pathogens. Primary and secondary prophylaxis against the most common AIDS-defining opportunistic infection, Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, is now recommended. Studies are currently underway to determine the efficacy of prophylaxis against other opportunistic pathogens. Treatment of opportunistic infections associated with AIDS has improved significantly over the past 5 years as new drugs and combination regimens of antimicrobials have been developed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:AIDS: Part II. 139 36

We measured urinary levels of free L-fucose in healthy subjects, patients with benign diseases, and patients with cancer using an automated analyzer and a newly isolated L-fucose dehydrogenase, and evaluated the clinical usefulness of the results. The values obtained were corrected for urinary creatinine as micromoles per gram of creatinine. The cutoff value, set at the mean + 2SD for the healthy subjects, was 250 mumol/g.Cr. Patients with gallbladder cancer, bile-duct cancer, liver cancer, pancreatic cancer, or cirrhosis of the liver had significantly higher levels of L-fucose than the healthy subjects. The diagnostic sensitivity for these five diseases, taken together, was 68% (144/213). Specificity for the detection of cancer was calculated by use of false positives for patients with cholelithiasis, hepatitis, and pancreatitis: it was 73% (76/104). Diagnostic accuracy for these seven diseases taken together was therefore 69% (220/317). We compared the positive ratio of the L-fucose level with that of the tumor markers AFD and CA19-9. The positive ratio of an L-fucose value above the cutoff was higher than the positive ratio of either marker in bile-duct cancer, gallbladder cancer, liver cancer, and pancreatic cancer. The results suggested that the urinary levels of free L-fucose reflected the metabolism of sugar chains of glycoconjugates, and may be usefully clinically as a tumor marker.
 ...
PMID:[Clinical assessment of urinary free L-fucose levels]. 140 61

We report the morphonuclear characteristics of normal (13 cases), benign (ie, chronic) pancreatitis (six cases), and neoplastic (ie, ductal) adenocarcinoma (22 cases) tissues of the pancreas. This description is based on computerized cell image analysis, which permits the determination of parameters related to the morphometric (nuclear area), densitometric (nuclear DNA content), and chromatin texture features of Feulgen-stained nuclei from paraffin-embedded archival material. We observed that nuclear area discriminates between normal and benign (ie, chronic pancreatitis) as opposed to neoplastic cell nuclei. Morphonuclear parameters describing chromatin pattern characteristics made it possible to discriminate between grade I pancreatic carcinoma and normal and benign cell nuclei on the one hand, and grades I and III carcinoma on the other hand. The nuclear DNA content increased in a continuous manner from normal and benign through low-grade to high-grade neoplastic tissues of the pancreas. Combining the morphometric, densitometric, and textural parameters into one equation, we were able to calculate a score (ie, the malignancy level index) that showed a close relationship to conventional histopathologic grading. Thus, the computer-aided diagnosis of cytologic specimens from pancreatic lesions offers information of the same significance as that obtained by conventional histopathologic grading.
 ...
PMID:Computerized morphonuclear characteristics and DNA content of adenocarcinoma of the pancreas, chronic pancreatitis, and normal tissues: relationship with histopathologic grading. 142 50

The principal and contributory causes of death in 81 autopsied heart transplant patients who died at Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa, were investigated and subdivided according to the immunosuppressive regimen used as well as the postoperative survival period. Mean graft survival was 488 days. Chronic rejection (30%), infection (23%), and acute rejection (20%) were the most common principal causes of death. Both fatal and nonfatal infections involved the lung predominantly. A review of the literature revealed 198 other autopsied heart transplant patients whose principal cause of death could be analyzed; infection accounted for almost half of these latter deaths, followed by acute and chronic rejection. Contributory causes of death in the 81 patients were as follows: infection (17%), acute rejection (16%), chronic rejection (14%), miscellaneous conditions (14%), embolism (14%), pancreatitis (11%), peptic ulcer (9%), inadequate donor heart (3%), and malignancy (1%). We conclude that infection, together with acute and/or chronic rejection, are still the major causes of death in heart transplant patients.
 ...
PMID:Autopsy-determined causes of death following cardiac transplantation. A study of 81 patients and literature review. 144 42

An individual who has cystic fibrosis (CF) may suffer from gastrointestinal problems related to inadequately controlled intestinal absorption secondary to the pancreatic insufficiency. These include neonatal meconium ileus, distal intestinal obstruction syndrome (DIOS), constipation and acquired megacolon, rectal prolapse and rarely pancreatitis. If the intestinal malabsorption is well controlled with an effective pancreatic enzyme preparation, DIOS, constipation and rectal prolapse are infrequent. Persisting gastrointestinal symptoms should be investigated thoroughly to exclude other disorders not directly related to the cystic fibrosis; these include cows' milk intolerance, coeliac disease, giardiasis, Crohn's disease and intra-abdominal malignancy. Both appendicitis and intussusception may cause difficult diagnostic problems particularly in patients who may also have distal ileal obstruction syndrome.
 ...
PMID:Cystic fibrosis: gastrointestinal complications. 145 4


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>