Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0030305 (pancreatitis)
 16,014 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Advances in the development of antiviral drugs have been rapid and dramatic. Since the recognition of HIV-1 as the cause of AIDS in 1984, and improved understanding of retroviral replication and pathogenesis, three antiviral drugs, Zidovudine, Didanosine, and Zalcitabine, have been developed to the point of routine use in humans. There is substantial experience with the former two in children. Despite being unable to cure HIV-1 infection, the benefits of antiretroviral therapy, including extended survival and reductions in opportunistic infections in adults, and improved weight gain and well-being in children, are strong arguments for routine treatment of symptomatic disease. Because these agents may also interfere with human cellular processes and have toxicities including anemia, neutropenia, pancreatitis, and neuropathy, their routine use for the treatment of asymptomatic children requires further controlled study. There are multiple candidate agents being developed for entry into clinical trials. An additional potentially effective strategy is the use of combinations of drugs at the same time or in sequence to maximize the viral targets being attacked, while minimizing toxicity, and to prevent the emergence of a drug-resistant virus.
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PMID:Antiretroviral therapy for children. 783 65

Most antiviral drugs are nucleoside analogues with potential teratogenic, embryotoxic, carcinogenic and antiproliferative activities. They must be administered with caution during pregnancy, because some are known teratogens (e.g. amantadine) and a similar propensity cannot be entirely excluded for others (e.g. aciclovir). Their adverse effects mostly involve bone marrow depression (e.g. granulocytopenia with ganciclovir, anaemia with zidovudine) or neurotoxicity (e.g. seizures with interferon-alpha, peripheral neuropathy with zalcitabine), although gastrointestinal effects are also seen. Idiosyncratic reactions include didanosine-induced acute pancreatitis. Only inosine pranobex is largely free from toxicity. Idoxuridine must be administered topically, given the severity of its systemic adverse effects. Drug interactions involving antiviral agents mostly reflect shared toxicity with other agents (e.g. neutropenia with ganciclovir and zidovudine, pancreatitis with didanosine and alcohol), although renal excretion or hepatic metabolism may be implicated. Given the possibility of severe adverse reactions and drug interactions, antiviral chemotherapy should only be used for potentially serious virus infections. Topical administration avoids systemic adverse effects but not mutagenic risks, and may result in exposure of individuals other than the patient (e.g. aerosolised ribavirin).
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PMID:Adverse effects and drug interactions of clinical importance with antiviral drugs. 801

We experienced 24 cases of thymoma in the past 17 years. Associated syndromes as myasthenia gravis and pure red cell anemia (PRCA) were found in 7 patients. Preoperative therapies were done for the cases of stage IV. Total resection of the tumor was performed except 3 cases which ended in exploratory thoracotomy. Postoperative therapies were done except the cases of stage I. Each one case of stage III and IV a whose operation ended in exploratory thoracotomy died of tumors, but latter case had some period of PR after chemotherapy. A case of stage I with PRCA died from pneumonia but other cases of autoimmune disease had been well controlled by medical treatment. A case of stage IVb was first admitted to the hospital for paralysis of bilateral lower limb. After resecting the epidural tumor of thoracic spine, chemotherapy (CAV 1 kur) and radiotherapy (4,200 rad) was performed which was effective for minimizing the antero-mediastinal tumor. Though operation ended in exploratory thoracotomy, majority of the tumor was found to be replaced for fibrous tissue which suggested the effectiveness of the combination therapy. But this case died from pancreatitis during the postoperative therapy. In conclusion, combination therapy of surgical resection and adjuvant radiotherapy & chemotherapy including the care for autoimmune disease is important in the treatment of thymoma.
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PMID:[Study of combination therapy for thymoma: a case of stage IV which presented as total spinal block caused by epidural metastasis and which preoperative combination therapy was effective for minimizing the tumor]. 825 26

Medical records and histologic sections of 40 cats with acute pancreatitis were reviewed. Two distinct groups of cats with pancreatitis were established by histologic analysis of tissue. Group 1 (32 cats) had acute pancreatic necrosis (APN). Group 2 (8 cats) had suppurative pancreatitis. Ages of affected cats ranged from 3 weeks to 16 years. The majority consisted of indoor cats of the Domestic Short-Haired breed but Siamese cats were over-represented relative to the general population (P < 0.05). Twenty-two percent of cats were obese and 57% were underweight. Thirty-eight percent of cats had acute disease. In the other cats, two stages in the progression of the disease were evident: (1) anorexia, weight loss, and lethargy, followed by (2) acute deterioration, development of shock, and a moribund state, despite fluid therapy. The most common clinical signs were severe lethargy (100%), reduced appetite (97%), dehydration (92%), and hypothermia (68%). The initial hemogram occasionally showed a neutrophilia (30%) and anemia (26%) but packed cell volume (PCV) decreased markedly to the extent that 55% of cats were anemic terminally. Serum biochemical abnormalities included increased activities of ALT (68%) and ALP (50%), and increased concentrations of bilirubin (64%) and cholesterol (64%). Cats with APN were hyperglycemic (64%), glycosuric (60%) and ketonuric (20%), whereas cats with suppurative pancreatitis tended to be hypoglycemic (75%). Renal failure and electrolyte abnormalities were mild or infrequent except for hypokalemia (56%). This study characterizes a severe necrotizing pancreatitis in the cat similar to that reported in other species, and a histologically distinct suppurative pancreatitis.
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PMID:Acute necrotizing pancreatitis and acute suppurative pancreatitis in the cat. A retrospective study of 40 cases (1976-1989). 1146 88

Afferent loop obstruction after gastrectomy and Billroth II gastrojejunostomy is only rarely diagnosed as the cause of recurrent acute pancreatitis. Three patients are described in whom afferent loop stricture after gastrectomy and Billroth II reconstruction manifested as recurrent pancreatitis 13 to 24 years after the initial procedure. Late onset, nonspecific symptoms, and other simultaneous gastrointestinal pathologic features promoted a chronic clinical course in all patients. Symptoms included acute abdominal pain, vomiting, jaundice, hyperamylasemia, weight loss, and anemia. A thorough history, barium examination, cholescintigraphy, and endoscopy were central in establishing the diagnosis. The pathogenesis of stricture formation is thought to be ischemic mucosal damage from intestinal crossclamping. Surgical decompression provided lasting relief of the symptoms. Afferent loop stricture should be considered in the different diagnosis in patients with recurrent acute pancreatitis and previous gastrectomy with Billroth II reconstruction.
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PMID:Recurrent acute pancreatitis caused by afferent loop stricture after gastrectomy. 910 71

Traditional centrally acting antihypertensives have been associated with a high incidence of adverse effects and are no longer recommended as first-line therapy. The newer imidazoline receptor agonists must overcome this reputation if they are to gain recognition as potential first-line agents for hypertension. Methyldopa, a centrally acting alpha(2)-agonist, is characterized by a number of serious adverse reactions that limit its use. Although unpredictable idiosyncratic or hypersensitivity reactions are uncommon, these include hepatitis, myocarditis, and hemolytic anaemia. Less serious problems such as abnormal liver function tests, positive Coombs test, drug-induced fever, and pancreatitis also occur. Central side effects include drowsiness, fatigue, lethargy, sedation, depression, psychotic reactions, nasal stuffiness, impotence, and exacerbation of Parkinsonism. In hypertensive men, methyldopa is less well tolerated than either captopril or propranolol, and up to 20% of patients discontinue therapy because of adverse effects. Clonidine acts primarily as an alpha(2)-agonist but also acts as an agonist at imidazoline receptors in the rostroventrolateral medulla. It is equipotent to most other antihypertensives but is considerably less well-tolerated in comparative trials. The principal adverse effects of clonidine are drowsiness, sedation, lethargy and dry mouth. Reserpine acts primarily by depleting central catecholamine neurotransmitter stores. It was very extensively used in early hypertension trials, but its central side effects of sedation, nasal stuffiness, and severe depression are now considered so undesirable that the drug is seldom prescribed. The imidazoline (I1) agonists moxonidine and rilmenidine act selectively and have very little central alpha(2)-agonist activity. In comparative studies against placebo and other reference antihypertensives, the only adverse effect consistently associated with these drugs was dry mouth (approximate placebo-corrected incidence 10%). Sedation was not pronounced. Withdrawal syndromes are complex pathophysiologic processes and occur with a variety of antihypertensive drugs. Cessation of therapy with clonidine and, to a lesser extent, methyldopa may result in a severe withdrawal syndrome characterized by restlessness, sweating, anxiety, tremor, palpitations, and headache. There may be a rapid rise in blood pressure, often with a true "rebound" to higher than pretreatment levels. Plasma and urinary catecholamine levels are increased, and fatalities have been reported. It is important to stress that such a syndrome has not been recorded, in animal or human studies, with either moxonidine or rilmenidine.
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PMID:Aspects of tolerability of centrally acting antihypertensive drugs. 887 99

We report splenic vein thrombosis diagnosed by endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) after the failure of extracorporeal ultrasound and contrast enhanced computed tomography to establish the diagnosis in a patient with gastrointestinal bleeding and anemia. Subsequent preoperative magnetic resonance imaging revealed findings of retroperitoneal fibrosis and confirmed the EUS findings. Splenic vein thrombosis is a well-known cause of gastrointestinal bleeding and splenomegaly; pancreatitis and pancreatic tumors are its most common underlying causes. Abdominal ultrasound and computed tomography are frequently used to diagnose splenic vein thrombosis. We discuss the use of EUS for diagnosis of vascular anomalies in the gastrointestinal tract and the association of splenic vein thrombosis, retroperitoneal fibrosis, and pancreatitis.
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PMID:Splenic vein thrombosis secondary to focal pancreatitis diagnosed by endoscopic ultrasonography. 949 65

Fell pony foals developed a syndrome of anaemia, immunodeficiency and peripheral ganglionopathy. They became ill in the second or third week, and died in the second or third month of life. Clinical and pathological investigations revealed severe anaemia associated with small numbers of late erythroid precursors in bone marrow, small thymi, an absence of secondary lymphoid follicles, a lack of plasma cells and neuronal chromatolysis involving trigeminal, cranial mesenteric and dorsal root ganglia. Some of the foals had cryptosporidial enteritis and adenoviral bronchopneumonia and pancreatitis. The clinical and pathological findings were compatible with an intrinsic defect.
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PMID:A syndrome of anaemia, immunodeficiency and peripheral ganglionopathy in Fell pony foals. 950 45

A case of borreliosis in female aged 28 years is presented. Diagnosis was made late. The course of the disease was characterized by long-lasting high fever, enlargement of liver and spleen, pancreatitis, pneumonia of the left lung and anemia. During the antibiotic therapy (rocephin) neutropenia was observed. In every case of long-lasting fever of unknown origin, borreliosis should be taken into consideration.
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PMID:[Difficulties in diagnosis of lyme borreliosis]. 956 93

The authors describe the case of a 70-year-old man with primary adenocarcinoma of the fourth segment of the duodenum. Due to the infrequency of the condition there was diagnostic and therapeutic uncertainty. After the endoscopic and bioptic diagnosis three months elapsed before an incorrectly indicated derivation operation and only after another month the tumour was resected. The exhausted patient developed postoperative pancreatitis with subsequent multiorgan failure to which he succumbed. The disease should be suspected even if the symptomatology is poor. The patient suffered only from nausea and anaemia. From the diagnostic aspect endoscopic examination is most useful for the oral segment of the duodenum and double contrast examination for the aboral one. The method of treatment is duodenopancreatectomy for the upper part and segmental resection for the distal part of the duodenum.
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PMID:[Primary carcinoma of the duodenum]. 982 54


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