Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0030305 (pancreatitis)
 16,014 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The results of treatment of 6681 patients with acute pancreatitis (AP) were analysed. Operated on were 554 patients with AP, among them, 260-with acute destructive pancreatitis (ADP). Total lethality was 1.6%, the postoperative one-20.2%. In ADP, the postoperative lethality was 28%. Mild forms of the AP course were characterized by constancy of the clinical symptoms and their rapid involution, severe forms of the disease (destructive pancreatitis)--by progressive periodicity and intensity of clinical signs. A morphologic pattern of the different forms of AP is described. It was established that at the early period of the disease, patients died mainly from posthemorrhagic anemia, anemia with intoxication, at the late period--predominantly from different purulent and necrotic complications.
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PMID:[Clinico-morphological characteristics of acute pancreatitis and its complications]. 180 88

Zidovudine (azidothymidine, Retrovir) and ddI (di-deoxy-inosine, Videx) interfere with the multiplication of HIV by incorporation into nascent DNA chains and interruption of the further linking of nucleotides. Zidovudine lowers early mortality in patients with Aids and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. However, much of the effectiveness of zidovudine is lost later on; the average prolongation of life in treated patients is estimated to be about 1 year. About two thirds of patients with Aids can be treated with zidovudine; in the others, the drug is ineffective or contraindicated. Frequent blood counts are necessary to monitor myelotoxicity, even at relatively low doses of 500 mg/day. In contrast, zidovudine is well tolerated by asymptomatic patients with 200 to 500 CD4 lymphocytes/mm3, in whom it diminishes the incidence of Aids from about 7 to 3% during the first year of treatment, with less than 2% severe anemia or leukopenia. For patients who do not tolerate zidovudine, ddI is an alternative. It is not myelotoxic but can cause neuritis and pancreatitis, especially at doses in excess of 10 mg/kg/day. Although its antiviral effect is excellent both in vitro and in vivo, there is still a lack of firm data on its clinical value, such as the decrease in opportunistic infections and increase in survival.
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PMID:[Antiretroviral therapy in Switzerland 1991]. 192 47

A patient with multiple, pyogenic hepatic abscesses is described, and the pathophysiology, etiologies, clinical and laboratory manifestations, and management of the disease are reviewed. A 55-year-old man with a history of ethanol abuse and pancreatitis developed fever, chills, general malaise, and right upper quadrant abdominal pain two weeks before hospitalization. Baseline laboratory and hematology results included serum albumin concentration, 3.2 g/dL; serum alkaline phosphatase concentration, 239 mIU/mL; total serum bilirubin concentration, 1.3 mg/dL; white blood cell count, 18,400/cu mm; red blood cell count, 4.7 million/cu mm; hemoglobin, 12.5 g/dL; and hematocrit, 38.8%. Abdominal ultrasound showed echo-free cavities throughout the hepatic parenchyma; abdominal computed-tomography (CT) scan showed hepatomegaly and multiple radiolucent spaces. CT-guided needle aspiration of a hepatic mass yielded purulent material that grew Fusobacterium necrophorum under anaerobic conditions. On day 7, the patient was started on i.v. ampicillin sodium-sulbactam sodium. A CT scan two weeks later showed a reduction in the number and sizes of abscesses. The patient continued i.v. therapy for one month, then was discharged on a regimen of p.o. amoxicillin trihydrate-clavulanate potassium. Hepatic abscesses are either amebic or pyogenic; the latter usually has a higher mortality. The etiologies of pyogenic hepatic abscesses include ascending cholangitis, portal vein bacteremia, systemic bacteremia, extension from a contiguous focus of infection, and trauma. Diagnosis is difficult and relies highly on clinical suspicion. Clinical symptoms include hepatomegaly, fever, chills, and malaise. Abnormal laboratory values include leukocytosis, anemia, and hypoalbuminemia. The abscesses are frequently polymicrobial; Escherichia coli is the most commonly isolated species. CT is the best radiological technique for diagnosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Ampicillin-sulbactam therapy for multiple pyogenic hepatic abscesses. 229 77

Complement activation has been proposed as a mediator of remote complications of acute pancreatitis. Thirty-seven patients with acute pancreatitis were studied with respect to the formation of anaphylatoxins (C3a/C3adesArg, C5a/C5adesArg) and terminal complement complexes (TCC) in plasma and ascites fluid. The patients were classified according to Ranson's criteria. Eighteen patients with moderate or severe pancreatitis had higher maximum plasma C3a/C3adesArg and TCC concentrations than 19 patients with mild pancreatitis. During convalescence, the concentrations had returned to normal. High concentrations of C5a/C5adesArg and TCC were also found in ascites and pancreatic cyst fluid, drawn from patients with moderate or severe pancreatitis. As the terminal complement pathway activation is involved in reactive lysis and anaphylatoxins increase vascular permeability, anemia and impaired respiration in these patients may be influenced by complement activation.
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PMID:Anaphylatoxins and terminal complement complexes in pancreatitis. Evidence of complement activation in plasma and ascites fluid of patients with acute pancreatitis. 236 18

Abdominal eumycotic mycetoma caused by Pseudallescheria boydii was diagnosed in a 3-year-old male Siberian Husky. The dog was examined because of weight loss and signs of depression. Initially, pyrexia was the only clinical finding. Antibiotic and corticosteroid treatment was ineffective. Two weeks later, the dog's appetite had decreased, it had vomited a few times, and the caudal portion of the abdomen was sensitive to palpation. Hematologic and serum biochemical abnormalities consisted of anemia, leukocytosis, hypoglycemia, hypoalbuminemia, hyperglobulinemia, and high alkaline phosphatase activity. One week later, the dog's condition continued to worsen, and testicular swelling was observed. The dog was castrated. Microscopic examination of specimens obtained at surgery revealed pyogranulomatous periorchitis with mycetoma granules. Ketoconazole treatment was initiated and continued until the dog died one month later. Necropsy revealed multifocal duodenal ulcers, with transmural pyogranulomatous enteritis, pancreatitis, and peritonitis. This case is unique because the etiologic agent apparently entered via the intestinal tract rather than by contamination of an external wound.
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PMID:Eumycotic mycetoma caused by Pseudallescheria boydii in a dog. 246 20

A 17 year old girl with chronic relapsing pancreatitis since the age of 11 developed focal seizures, leukopenia, anemia and thrombozytopenia, signs suggesting lupus erythematodes. All immunologic investigations, including tests for Anti-DNS-Antibodies were negative, however. Therapy with prednisone and azathioprine resulted in clinical remission. Reduction of the immunosuppression lead to a severe crisis, which was controlled by plasmaseparation and cyclophosphamide. Subsequent analysis of circulating immune complexes revealed bound anti-DNS-antibodies.
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PMID:[Acute recurrent pancreatitis as the main symptom of lupus erythematosus disseminatus in childhood]. 325 73

A primate lymphotropic lentivirus was isolated on the human T-cell line HuT 78 after cocultivation of a lymph node from a pig-tailed macaque (Macaca nemestrina) that had died with malignant lymphoma. This isolate, originally designated M. nemestrina immunodeficiency virus (MnIV) and now classified as simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV/Mne), was inoculated intravenously into three juvenile rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta), three juvenile pig-tailed macaques (M. nemestrina), and two juvenile baboons (Papio cynocephalus). All six macaques became viremic by 3 weeks after inoculation, whereas neither of the baboons developed viremia. One pig-tailed macaque died at 15 weeks with suppurative peritonitis secondary to ulcerative, necrotizing colitis. Immunologic abnormalities included a marked decrease in CD4+ peripheral blood lymphocytes. Although five macaques mounted an antibody response to SIV/Mne, the animal that died at 15 weeks remained antibody negative. Three other macaques (two rhesus and one pig-tailed) died 66 to 87 weeks after inoculation after exhibiting progressive weight loss, anemia, and diarrhea. Histopathologic findings at necropsy included various manifestations of immune deficiency, nephropathy, subacute encephalitis, pancreatitis, adenocarcinoma, and lymphoid atrophy. SIV/Mne could be readily isolated from the spleens and lymph nodes of all necropsied macaques, and from the cerebrospinal fluid, brains, bone marrow, livers, and pancreas of some of the animals. SIV antigens were localized by avidin-biotin immunohistochemistry to pancreatic islet cells and to bone marrow endothelial cells. The data suggest that African baboons may be resistant to infection by SIV/Mne, whereas Asian macaques are susceptible to infection with this pathogenic primate lentivirus.
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PMID:Inoculation of baboons and macaques with simian immunodeficiency virus/Mne, a primate lentivirus closely related to human immunodeficiency virus type 2. 328 32

Regional lung hematocrit ratio (R) was measured in five normal subjects and five patients (2 with pneumonia, 2 with nephrotic syndrome with anemia, and 1 with pancreatitis) using positron emission tomography, a red cell marker 11CO, and a plasma marker [methyl-11C]albumin). The measurements were made in a transaxial thoracic section at midheart level with the subject in supine posture and with a spatial resolution of 1.7 cm. The normal regional hematocrit ratio (means +/- SE) calculated for the lung was 0.90 +/- 0.014, 0.94 +/- 0.023 for the thoracic wall, and 1.00 +/- 0.003 for the heart chambers. The regional lung hematocrit ratio in the patients ranged between 0.81 and 0.86. No correlation was found among the regional lung hematocrit ratio and regional blood volume, lung extravascular density, and the peripheral hematocrit (obtained from venous blood samples). To the extent that 70% of the pulmonary blood in the field of view is in larger vessels with normal hematocrit, the hematocrit in the capillary bed is approximately two-thirds that of the peripheral venous value. Blood volume measurements on the basis of single vascular tracers need to take account of these results.
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PMID:Regional lung hematocrit in humans using positron emission tomography. 348 79

The papilla of Vater, diminutive as it may be, forms the nidus for a variety of clinical disorders. Owing to its crucial location at the confluence of the bile and pancreatic ducts, many of these clinical disorders lead to an impedance to the flow of secretions from the liver and pancreas. Thus, most symptomatic papillary disorders present with a rather predictable and monotonous conglomeration of symptoms. The common clinical presentations of papillary disorders include abdominal pain, jaundice, fever, pruritus and pancreatitis. Rarely, gastrointestinal bleeding leading to anaemia and weight loss may also be observed. The advent of ERCP rekindled interest in diseases of the papilla. The major duodenal papilla is more accessible now than ever before. The endoscopist can visualize the papilla within minutes and take an appropriate tissue sample using different biopsy techniques. Definitive diagnosis is thus possible in most patients with papillary tumours. Along with ERCP, the miniaturization of a perfusion system with minimal compliance enabled us to accurately evaluate sphincter of Oddi (SO) dynamics. This in turn gave us a wealth of information on the physiology of the sphincter of Oddi. In addition, ERCP manometry led to a resurgence of interest in SO dysfunction, especially papillary stenosis. Several characteristic manometric abnormalities have been identified recently. Finally, the introduction of endoscopic sphincterotomy (ES), nearly a decade ago, opened a new chapter in the therapeutic approach towards papillary disorders. While the technique was initially applied in the management of common bile duct stones in postcholecystectomy patients who were high operative risks, the indications for ES steadily increased during the past decade. Experience over the years led us to be convinced that ES is equally effective in the management of a variety of papillary disorders, including choledochoduodenal fistula, choledochocele, papillary tumours and SO dysfunction. Most recently, other ancillary procedures such as endoprosthesis insertion have emerged as yet another useful therapeutic modality. Such internal biliary stents have been shown to be suitable in establishing biliary drainage in ampullary neoplasms when the operative approach is considered risky.
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PMID:Diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the papilla. 373 20

The clinical features in a series of 24 patients with hypothermia treated at Mulago Hospital, Kampala, are described. Hypothermia developed in all when the environmental temperature did not fall below 16 degrees. There was a preponderance of males; 14 of the 24 cases were over 50 years old. The most common predisposing factors were severe undernutrition or malnutrition with wasting and almost complete absence of subcutaneous fat, and anaemia present in over two thirds of the patients. Hypoglycaemia appeared to be the immediate precipitating factor in at least five patients. Acute pancreatitis was found in three of the four patients who died unexpectedly 2-7 days after recovery from hypothermia; focal pancreatitis and fat necrosis was also present in six other cases. It is concluded that hypothermia is not uncommon, and is a dangerous complication amongst patients with severe under- or malnutrition, and can occur even under "tropical" conditions, when the environmental temperature does not fall below 16 degrees.
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PMID:Hypothermia in the tropics. A review of 24 cases. 443 62


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