Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0030305 (pancreatitis)
 16,014 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 35-year-old man ingested food contaminated with lindane, an insecticide containing almost pure gamma hexachlorocyclohexane. Grand mal seizures and severe acidemia developed rapidly. The seizures recurred for nearly 2 hours, then ceased. In addition, the patient had muscle weakness and pain, headaches, episodic hypertension, myoglobinuria, acute renal failure and anemia. Pancreatitis developed 13 days after the ingestion of lindane. A muscle biopsy on the 15th day of illness demonstrated widespread necrosis and regeneration of muscle fibres. The patient's condition improved and he was discharged 24 days after the onset of his illness. During the year following the poisoning the patient noted difficulty with recent memory, loss of libido and easy fatigability. One year after lindane ingestion the results of physical examination, including those for muscle power and bulk, were normal.
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PMID:Acute lindane poisoning with development of muscle necrosis. 7 42

Clinical observations on two cases of staphylodermia superficialis circinata are reported. This rare variation of superificial staphylococcal skin infection is identical with the "erythema necroticans migrans". As this cutaneous manifestation is highly associated with malignant internal diseases it must be regarded as a "cutaneous paraneoplasia". Out of 14 cases of erythema necroticans migrans, so far published this dermatosis occured in 13 patients suffering from pancreatic cancer. Association with pancreatitis was demonstrated in one case. In both cases herein reported the cutaneous manifestations were associated with a carcinoma of the pancreas and with cervix cancer. Extreme loss of weight, atrophic glossitis, therapy-resistant anemia and a slight diabetes are extra-cutaneous symptoms of this paraneoplastic syndrom.
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PMID:[Staphylodermia superficialis circinata. The 5th obligatory cutaneous paraneoplasia]. 19 72

Hemoperfusion has been increasingly used to treat drug intoxication. Although efficient extraction rates have been reported with hemoperfusion devices, simultaneous measurements of drug adsorption on the columns and endogenous clearance rates have not been made. We studied three patients who ingested 12 to 22 g of ethchlorvynol (Placidyl). In each patient saline diuresis was induced, and Amberlite XAD-4 resin hemoperfusion was done. Resin extraction of ethchlorvynol was calculated hourly, and the recovery of drugs from each column was measured. Renal clearance of ethchlorvynol was simultaneously measured. The resin removed 100% of perfused ethchlorvynol measured by gas chromatography. Ethchlorvynol recovery from the columns agreed well with calculated extraction. Renal clearance was 1 to 6 mL/min, and estimated metabolic clearance was 16% to 31% of resin extraction rate. Complications included anemia, thrombocytopenia, hypocalcemia, and pancreatitis. Resin hemoperfusion substantially supplements endogenous clearance of ethchlorvynol and is a valuable therapy in ethchlorvynol intoxication.
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PMID:Resin hemoperfusion for treatment of ethchlorvynol overdose. 48 52

The authors illustrate the diagnostic possibilities of echography in the evaluation of the nontraumatic abdominal emergencies. They first refer about the methods of investigation and the scanning techniques. Then they illustrate the value of echography in the evaluation of the acute cholecystitis and pancreatitis pointing out the sensitivity of this procedure to the detection of the spread of the infections to the peritoneum and to the retroperitoneal spaces. The authors also present the echographic findings in the acute pathology of the retroperitoneum and of the female pelvic organs. Finally they emphasize the diagnostic value of ultrasounds in the search of the abdominal causes of the acute anemia and of the fever of unknown origin and as a preliminary investigation in case of actue renal failure.
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PMID:[Echographic evaluation of nontraumatic abdominal emergencies (author's transl)]. 55 87

A suicidal 67-year-old woman with manic-depressive psychosis took an overdose of asprin, amitriptyline and diazepam. The initial effects were pyrexia, tachycardia, hyperpnea, metabolic acidosis, electrocardiographic changes, hypoprothrombinemia, gastritis, and pancreatitis. Four to six weeks later, she was examined because of persistent abdominal pain with mausea, anorexia anemia, and possibly a malabsorption syndrome. An exploratory laparotomy was performed. The surgeon found several previous adhesions, a small intestinal volvulus, and a nodular pancreas. This suggested previous perforation of the small bowel from enteritis, causing a "blind-loop" syndrone. The invilved section of the small bowel was resected. With appropriate treatment, the patient is well three months after operation.
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PMID:Unusual abdominal complications of a suicidal overdose of analgesic and psychotropic drugs in an elderly patient. 61 54

This study was designed to assess the functional efficiency of the ageing small intestine and the possible role of malabsorption in old people with nutritional deficiencies. Fifty subjects aged 65 to 92 years were studied, of whom 33 presented with anaemia, chronic diarrhoea or bone pains, and 17 were apparently healthy 'controls' with no relevant symptoms. Tests of intestinal function included blood xylose and iron absorption curves, a double isotope Schilling test, faecal fat, urinary indican and small bowel radiology, with duodenal aspiration and jejunal biopsy in some cases. On the basis either of steatorrhoea or at least two other abnormal parameters of absorption, there were 15 cases of malabsorption. Thirteen of these had symptoms but two were 'controls'. Four of these had duodenal diverticulosis, two had the post-gastrectomy syndrome, and one had calcific pancreatitis. Malabsorption in the remaining eight cases was not fully explained. The age range of this last group was 72--86 years; one of them had a contaminated small bowel and two showed some evidence of pancreatic insufficiency. Malabsorption emerged as a significant cause of low levels of serum iron, haemoglobin and calcium. The blood xylose test is a useful screening procedure for intestinal malabsorption in old age, but full evaluation calls for investigation of pancreatic function.
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PMID:The ageing gut: a study of intestinal absorption in relation to nutrition in the elderly. 68 55

The anatomic pattern seen in the three patients with contiguous gastric duplications associated with pancreatic ducts evidently predisposes the patient to pancreatitis. In the previous patient reported upon from this institution, the correlation of severe bleeding episodes with attacks of pancreatitis strongly supports the concept of blood blocking the pancreatic ductal system, thereby producing pancreatitis. Passage of viscous mucoid secretions from the aberrant gastric mucosa into the pancreatic ductal system also might retard the normal flow of pancreatic juice, producing elevation of the serum amylase level and pain. Overdistention of the gastric duplication also might be considered as a source of pain, but such mechanisms can be considered only speculation at present. Diagnosis is usually made after more than one exploratory laparotomy. Hemorrhage may result, should the gastric duplication contain parietal cells, leading to hemoductal pancreatitis, hematemesis or melena and anemia. At least one in five patients with a gastric duplication possesses another intestinal duplication. Developmental defects commonly are associated with gastric cysts. Almost identical anatomy was present in the patients with contiguous duplications. That two such rare pancreatic disorders were documented in the same institution within two years suggests that this pattern of developmental defect is more common that had previously been expected.
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PMID:Pancreatitis of unusual origin. 116 66

Great strides have been made in the therapy of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Currently approved drugs include zidovudine and didanosine. A third drug, dideoxycytidine (zalcitibine), has recently been filed for approval with the Food and Drug Administration. All these drugs work through inhibition of the reverse transcriptase enzyme. Zidovudine is the only drug that has shown clinical efficacy against HIV. Treatment of patients with advanced HIV disease (i.e., acquired immune deficiency syndrome [AIDS] or symptomatic infection with < 200 CD4+ lymphocytes per mm3), results in a prolongation and improved quality of life. Zidovudine is the only antiretroviral agent approved for the treatment of asymptomatic patients. Early intervention with zidovudine has been shown to delay progression to AIDS when patients' CD4+ lymphocyte counts decline to less than 500/mm3, irrespective of clinical signs or symptoms of HIV infection. Didanosine is currently indicated for the treatment of patients with advanced HIV disease who are intolerant to or failing zidovudine therapy. The major toxicity of zidovudine is bone marrow suppression with anemia and granulocytopenia (which occurs in from 1% to 45% of patients, depending on the clinical stage of disease and the dose of the drug). Didanosine and zalcitibine have both been associated with a severe peripheral neuropathy, which is generally reversible on cessation of the drug. In addition, didanosine has been implicated as a cause of pancreatitis that has been fatal in a small percentage of cases. The toxicities of didanosine and zalcitibine range from 1% to 10%, depending on dose, duration of therapy, and the presence of underlying HIV-related peripheral neuropathy or a previous history of pancreatitis. The clinical hallmark of HIV infection is the development of opportunistic infections and malignancies, which are a consequence of the profound immunodeficiency. The risk of an opportunistic infection increases significantly as the T-helper lymphocyte count declines to less than 20%, or 200 to 250/mm3. The spectrum of opportunistic infections ranges from viruses to protozoa. Patients with advanced HIV disease are also at increased risk of infection with nonopportunistic, community-acquired pathogens. Primary and secondary prophylaxis against the most common AIDS-defining opportunistic infection, Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, is now recommended. Studies are currently underway to determine the efficacy of prophylaxis against other opportunistic pathogens. Treatment of opportunistic infections associated with AIDS has improved significantly over the past 5 years as new drugs and combination regimens of antimicrobials have been developed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:AIDS: Part II. 139 36

Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is increasingly used to treat patients with cancers refractory to conventional treatment. Flu-like syndromes are extremely frequent but usually mild. A variety of skin complications (mostly erythema and mucositis) have been reported. Life-threatening skin reactions have also been described. Acute reactivation of psoriasis can also occur. Immediate hypersensitivity reactions have so far not been described, but IL-2 treatment has been shown to predispose to acute hypersensitivity reactions to iodine-containing contrast media. Hypothyroidism is the major endocrine complication and antithyroid antibodies have been detected in approximately 50% of patients. Neurological and psychiatric disturbances with moderate or severe mental status changes are common and sometimes treatment-limiting. The occurrence of peritumoural oedema in patients with brain metastases can also be a major practical problem. Musculoskeletal disorders are transient and resolve spontaneously. The vascular leak syndrome is the most frequent and severe complication of IL-2 of which weight gain, generalised oedema, hypotension and impaired renal function are the main features. Even though a damaging effect on vascular endothelium cells by various cytokines released by activated lymphoid cells or mediated by non-lymphocyte-dependent factors has been proposed to be involved, the mechanism remains unclear. Other cardiovascular injuries, possibly life-threatening, including myocarditis, angina pectoris and myocardial infarction, can occur during the first days of treatment. Supraventricular arrhythmias are the most common rhythmic disorder. Decreases in myocardial contractility and haemodynamic pattern similar to those of septic shock have been encountered in most cases. Acute renal dysfunction is common but resolves with symptomatic management. Intrahepatic cholestasis with hyperbilirubinaemia is observed in most patients but permanent liver damage has not been described. Several cases of pancreatitis have been reported. Anaemia, thrombocytopenia, lymphocytopenia and eosinophilia are frequent and occur in most if not all patients. Some data suggest a high incidence of infectious complications, particularly in patients with surgically tunnelled catheters, but marked flu-like syndromes may be confounding. Finally, death directly related to IL-2 treatment has been noted in less than 1% of all patients. Investigations are under way to minimise IL-2 toxicity with varying dose regimens and combined treatments.
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PMID:Clinical toxicity of interleukin-2. 141 98

A total of 25 patients with metastatic renal cancer were treated on a phase II protocol with 5 days of continuous-infusion fluorodeoxyuridine (FUDR), (0.1 mg/kg daily) together with high-dose oral leucovorin (100 mg 4 h) and daily x6 high-dose interferon-alpha 2b (30 x 10(6) IU/m2). Despite the good performance status of the patients and the inclusion of 14 previously untreated patients in the cohort, no response was observed among the 20 evaluable patients. Toxicities included high fever, moderate anemia, transient leukopenia, transient and mild elevations of transaminases, and moderate to severe nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and mucositis. There were also two episodes each of confusion, fluid retention, and pancreatitis and one episode of increased creatinine levels. During the study three deaths occurred, two of which were possibly therapy-related. Despite previous reports of activity of FUDR in metastatic renal cancer, the present regimen cannot be recommended.
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PMID:Continuous-infusion fluorodeoxyuridine with leucovorin and high-dose interferon: a phase II study in metastatic renal-cell cancer. 146 58


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