Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0030305 (pancreatitis)
 16,014 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Alcohol may affect the integrity of the pancreatic parenchyma, as seen in alcoholic pancreatitis, some cases of chronic alcoholism without clinical pancreatitis, and experimental studies. The composition of pancreatic juice may reflect some of these changes. One type of parenchymal alteration is the loss of differentiative features of acinar cells, so that they take on the characteristics of ductular cells. Concomitant fibrosis completes the formation of the tubular complexes found in association with alcoholic chronic pancreatitis. Sustained alcohol intake may produce the accumulation of lipid droplets in parenchymal cells, some of which may be shown to be within the rough endoplasmic reticulum of acinar cells. Epithelial cells may undergo mucous metaplasia. The epithelial-basal lamina barrier frequently is breached in the area of intraluminal aggregates, with or without obvious inflammation in the immediate area. Loss of barrier function may lead to interaction among components of the external compartment (lumen) and the internal compartment (stroma). Increased levels of blood proteins and glycosaminoglycans in the juice, enzyme activation, fibrin formation, and complement activation are potential consequences of barrier loss. Increased lactoferrin levels could result in part from the activity and degranulation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes.
 ...
PMID:Alcohol and the integrity of the pancreas. 385 12

A large retrospective autopsy study of patients was analyzed to evaluate the major etiologic and pathologic factors contributing to fatal acute pancreatitis (AP). From an autopsy population of 50,227 patients, 405 cases were identified where AP was defined as the official primary cause of death. AP was classified according to morphological and histological, but not biochemical, criteria. Patients with AP died significantly earlier than a control autopsy population of 38,259 patients. Sixty percent of the AP patients died within 7 days of admission. Pulmonary edema and congestion were significantly more prevalent in this group, as was the presence of hemorrhagic pancreatitis. In the remaining 40% of patients surviving longer than 7 days, infection was the major factor contributing to death. Major etiologic groups in AP were chronic alcoholism; postabdominal surgery; common duct stones; a small miscellaneous group including viral hepatitis, drug, and postpartum cases; and a large idiopathic group comprising patients with cholelithiasis, diabetes mellitus, and ischemia. The prevalence of established diabetes mellitus in the AP group was significantly higher than that observed in the autopsy control series, suggesting that this disease should be considered as an additional risk factor influencing survival in AP. Pulmonary complications, including pulmonary edema and congestion, appeared to be the most significant factor contributing to death and occurred even in those cases where the pancreatic damage appeared to be only moderate in extent. Emphasis placed on the early recognition and treatment of pulmonary edema in all cases of moderate and severe AP should contribute significantly to an increase in survival in this disease.
 ...
PMID:Death due to acute pancreatitis. A retrospective analysis of 405 autopsy cases. 389

Sixty-nine patients with pancreatic pseudocysts were reviewed. Chronic alcohol abuse was associated with pancreatitis in 78 percent of the patients. Presenting signs and symptoms were nonspecific. Ultrasonographic and computerized axial tomographic scans were most commonly used to established the diagnosis. Twenty patients were managed conservatively and resolution occurred in 11 of these patients. Forty-nine patients underwent operation. Internal drainage was performed on 31 occasions in 29 patients, and external drainage was performed in 11. In addition, pancreatic resection was carried out in 8 patients, and needle aspiration in 2 patients. Infected pseudocysts were present in 11 patients. Complications occurred in 18 patients in the operated group and 2 patients died (4 percent). There was recurrence of pseudocysts in 10 patients. Our results suggest that pseudocysts remain a common complication of pancreatitis, and infected pseudocysts are the major cause of postoperative morbidity. Computerized axial tomography and ultrasonography are the mainstays of diagnosis. Surgical therapy is safe, but continues to be associated with significant rates of morbidity and recurrence. When pseudocysts recur, they are generally anatomically distant from the original lesion and probably represent new disruptions of the pancreatic duct.
 ...
PMID:Pancreatic pseudocysts: cause, therapy, and results. 390 80

In Sweden sales of alcohol dropped 17% from 1976 to 1982. Similarly, comparison of data from 1979 and 1982 shows that the mortality from cirrhosis of the liver declined appreciably, by 28% in men and 29% in women. During 1979-82 mortality from pancreatitis also declined noticeably, by 30% in men and 36% in women. By contrast, no decrease occurred in mortality from alcoholic psychosis, alcoholism, or alcohol intoxication. The decrease in mortality from cirrhosis of the liver and pancreatitis is probably explained by a decrease in the consumption of alcohol among an important subgroup of high consumers of alcohol. The lack of a decrease in mortality from alcoholic psychosis, alcoholism, and alcohol intoxication may be because such diagnoses are often made in socially deteriorated, more dependent alcoholic subjects who have not been able to reduce their consumption.
 ...
PMID:Has mortality related to alcohol decreased in Sweden? 392 7

Pathogenetic associations between benign hepatic tumours and liver damage were studied in an autopsy series of 91 males with high incidence of alcoholism. Information on the consumption of alcohol was obtained by interviewing a family member or a close friend of the deceased. The reported use of alcohol correlated well with the increase of fatty and fibrotic changes and with the occurrence of liver cirrhosis, alcoholic hepatitis or pancreatitis. Benign bile duct tumours (bile duct adenomas and von Meyenburg's complexes) (n = 26) were associated with the occurrence of bridging (P less than 0.0005) and periportal (P less than 0.025) fibrosis of the liver and, independently from these, with chronic pancreatitis (P less than 0.05) and with non-parasitic liver cysts (n = 14) (P less than 0.01). The weight of the liver was greater (P less than 0.01) in males with focal nodular hyperplasia (n = 3). Cavernous hemangioma (n = 19) occurred independently of the parameters studied. None of the tumours showed significant correlation to liver cirrhosis, alcoholic hepatitis, fatty liver or diseases of the gallbladder. The results are in line with observations on the reactive nature and connections to fibropolycystic liver disease of benign bile duct tumours in laboratory animals and in man. Their presence in human liver specimens should be taken into account as a sign of liver damage, in this study related to heavy use of alcohol or to chronic inflammation of the pancreas.
 ...
PMID:Benign bile duct tumours, non-parasitic liver cysts and liver damage in males. 395 Mar 64

A review of 221 patients operated on for acute pancreatitis during a 16 year period showed that women predominated 2:1. This is explained by the common occurrence of biliary stones in Algerian women. In more than half the patients, primary symptoms were biliary. Only 56 percent of diagnoses were established preoperatively. Acute edematous pancreatitis predominated, occurring in 58 percent, with necrotic pancreatitis occurring in 42 percent. Edematous pancreatitis was most often treated by biliary procedures and infiltration and draining of the pancreatic area. Necrotic forms were treated by necrotectomy, whereas segmental pancreatectomy was performed in seven patients. Postoperative mortality was 9.4 percent in the whole group but 37 percent in those with necrotic hemorrhagic pancreatitis. It is noteworthy that alcoholism, which is rare in Algeria, was the cause of pancreatitis in only six patients (3 percent). The main cause was biliary disease.
 ...
PMID:Acute pancreatitis in Algeria. Report of 221 Cases. 401 45

The prevalence, distribution, and clinical associations of pancreatic ductal mucinous hyperplasia were studied in 102 non-malignant pancreases. Ductal mucinous hyperplasia was found in over 60% of specimens and was frequently associated with increased fibrosis--occasionally resembling pancreatitis. Significantly more ductal mucinous hyperplasia was found in pancreas from patients who were receiving corticosteroid treatment. Neither a history of hypercalcaemia in the three months before death, diabetes mellitus, alcoholism, tobacco smoking, nor the presence of gall stones was associated with an increase in ductal mucinous hyperplasia. The age of maximum prevalence, and the distribution of ductal mucinous hyperplasia in the pancreas were similar to those of pancreatic carcinoma. These similarities may be because both ductal mucinous hyperplasia and pancreatic carcinoma are proliferative responses, rather than because ductal mucinous hyperplasia is a precursor of pancreatic carcinoma.
 ...
PMID:What is the significance of pancreatic ductal mucinous hyperplasia? 401 49

Fasting serum triglycerides were measured in 52 patients who had sustained an attack of pancreatitis (gall stone related 33, alcoholism six) at least six months earlier. Several patients (23%) had raised fasting serum triglycerides, with a type IV phenotype in all but one patient. The 40 patients with normal fasting serum triglycerides received an oral load of 100 g sunflower oil to compare their clearance of dietary triglycerides with that of a control group of 54 subjects. The clearance of ingested triglycerides was significantly impaired in the patients - irrespective of the presumed aetiological factor, or clinical condition associated with pancreatitis - compared with the clearance in controls. A triglyceride tolerance test is the only way to detect those patients in whom a future attack of pancreatitis may be precipitated by a diet rich in fat, or endogenous over production of triglycerides as after an alcoholic debauch.
 ...
PMID:Impaired lipid clearance in patients with previous acute pancreatitis. 402 16

FOR MANY DECADES TWO TYPES OF ACUTE PANCREATITIS HAVE BEEN RECOGNIZED: the edematous or interstitial and the hemorrhagic or necrotic. In most cases acute pancreatitis is associated with alcoholism or biliary tract disease. Elevated serum or urinary alpha-amylase is the most important finding in diagnosis. The presence of methemalbumin in serum and in peritoneal or pleural fluid supports the diagnosis of the hemorrhagic form of the disease in patients with a history and enzyme studies suggestive of pancreatitis. There is no characteristic clinical picture in acute pancreatitis, and its complications are legion. Pancreatic pseudocyst is probably the most common and pancreatic abscess is the most serious complication. The pathogenetic principle is autodigestion, but the precise sequence of biochemical events is unclear, especially the mode of trypsinogen activation and the role of lysosomal hydrolases. A host of metabolic derangements have been identified in acute pancreatitis, involving lipid, glucose, calcium and magnesium metabolism and changes of the blood clotting mechanism, to name but a few. Medical treatment includes intestinal decompression, analgesics, correction of hypovolemia and other supportive and protective measures. Surgical exploration is advisable in selected cases, when the diagnosis is in doubt, and is considered imperative in the presence of certain complications, especially pancreatic abscess.
 ...
PMID:Acute pancreatitis. 455 67

Forty-five cases of pancreatic calcification are reported, and it is shown that in Western Nigeria this malady afflicts younger people than in Europe and the United States of America. Males and females seem about equally affected in Western Nigeria, whereas it predominantly affects males in France, Britain, and North America. Diabetes mellitus was the commonest complication in this series, and brought many patients to the doctor. In this series chronic relapsing pancreatitis was a rare cause; there was no history of alcoholism; and protein malnutrition was thought to be responsible for pancreatic calcification in over 90% of the patients.
 ...
PMID:Pancreatic calcification: a report of 45 cases. 535 52


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>