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Query: UMLS:C0030305 (pancreatitis)
 16,014 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Between 1954 and 1975, 80 pancreaticojejunostomies were performed on 77 patients for intractable pain of chronic pancreatitis. All patients had a history of chronic alcoholism. Drainage operations done primarily for pseudocysts were excluded. Operative procedures included seven caudal pancreaticojejunostomies, 42 longitudinal pancreaticojejunostomies with splenectomy and implantation of the pancreas into the jejunum, and 31 side-to-side pancreaticojejunostomies. Eighty-one percent of the patients noted substantial improvement or complete resolution of their abdominal pain on follow-up that ranged up to 21 years. The operative mortality was 5%. Thirty-two patients died during the period of the follow-up. Continued alcohol abuse, carcinoma, and cardiovascular disease were the leading causes of mortality. Data from this review confirm the effectiveness of pancreaticojejunostomy in relieving the pain of chronic relapsing pancreatitis.
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PMID:Pancreaticojejunostomy for chronic pancreatitis. Two- to 21-year follow-up. 7 68

The enzyme gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase is widely distributed throughout the body, notably kidney, seminal vesicles, pancreas, liver, spleen and brain. Being one of the enzymes of the gamma-glutamyl cycle, it is involved in aminoacid transport, catalysing a transpeptidation reaction between gamma-glutamyl peptides and most common amino acids. Methods of assay of the enzyme are based on its ability also to act on synthetic amides of glutamic acid; kinetic methods monitoring the release of p-nitroaniline from the substrate L-gamma-glutamyl p-nitroanilide are the most satisfactory. In diseases of the liver, the highest levels occur in association with cirrhosis, alcoholism, hepatic secondaries and cholestasis. As the enzyme is present in the endoplasmic reticulum of the hepatocyte, its activity is increased in situations leading to microsomal enzyme induction. Raised levels can also occur in pancreatitis, diabetes, myocardial infarction, congestive cardiac failure, chronic renal failure, cerebrovascular accidents, cerebral tumours and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Although the lack of specificity must be recognised, the estimation can be useful in the elucidation of some clearly defined problems arising during investigation of patients with suspected hepatic disease, especially where performed as part of a biochemical profile.
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PMID:Role of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activity in the diagnosis of hepatobiliary disease. 24 76

In a survey report pathological aspects and clinical importance of the secondary forms of hyperlipoproteinaemia are dealt with. At first are taken into consideration the relations between hyperlipoproteinaemia and diabetes mellitus. Furthermore is referred to the secondary hyperlipoproteinaemias in kidney diseases, pancreatitis, alcoholism, thesaurismoses, endocrine diseases and liver diseases as well as under different medicaments. Finally the therapeutic problems of the secondary hyperlipoproteinaemias are concerned.
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PMID:[Secondary hyperlipoproteinemias]. 28 68

253 patients with acute pancreatitis were treated in clinic for surgery in Zagreb through last 23 years. The most frequent cause of pancreatitis were diseases of biliary tract, obesity, vascular deseases, alcoholism etc. In the symtomatology, the pain was present in all patients and majority of them had abdominal symptoms as well. Most of the patients came to the treatment within the firsts 24 to 48 hours. Besides Trasylol various conservative therapy was applied and some patients were operated either on billiary ducts or on pancreas. 85 patients had to be operated again on billiary tract afterwards. From 253 patients treated 24 died (9,48%) because of the necrosis of pancreas and alterations on various other organs.
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PMID:[253 patients with acute pancreatitis treated at the surgical clinic in Zagreb]. 30 Sep 70

Twenty-two patients were treated for 25 occurrences of pancreatic pseudocysts. The male to female ratio was 3:1, and the average age was 39 years. Alcoholism was the most common cause of the preceding episode of pancreatitis. The pseudocyst rarely developed from end-stage chronic pancreatitis. Our preferred treatment for the majority of pancreatic pseudocysts is external sump drainage, if there is no obstruction of the distal part of the pancreatic duct. This form of treatment was followed by a 100 per cent survival rate, and neither a pancreaticocutaneous fistula nor a pancreatic abscess occurred. The two instances of a recurrence were due to our treatment with a Penrose drain alone, and this practice is not recommended. Obstruction of the distal part of the pancreatic duct negates external sump drainage, and in such instances, a Roux-en-Y cystojejunostomy should be the treatment of choice and not transgastric cystogastrostomy, which does not offer dependent drainage. The treatment of a pancreatic pseudocyst should not be equated with that of chronic fibrotic pancreatitis, as the basic pathologic clinical features and response to surgical treatment are quite different.
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PMID:The treatment of pancreatic pseudocysts by external drainage. 43 82

A 43-year old man with CRST syndrome (calcinosis, Raynaud's phenomenon, sclerodactyly and telangiectasia) and progressive systemic sclerosis presented with a four-year history of relapsing abdominal pain, the result of chronic pancreatitis, not associated with alcoholism, biliary disease, or any of the known causes of pancreatitis. He had a good response to retrograde pancreatic duct drainage but exhibited management problems and complications that may be peculiar to the systemic sclerosis patient with pancreatitis. A cause and effect relationship between progressive systemic sclerosis and pancreatic disease is not proven but we believe there is evidence to suggest such a relationship.
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PMID:Idiopathic calcific pancreatitis, CRST syndrome and progressive systemic sclerosis. 43

Ascites occurring in patients with a history of alcoholism is usually due to cirrhosis but clinically significant ascites also occurs in association with pancreatic disease. We reviewed 265 cases of pancreatitis over a five-year period. There were 129 blacks and 136 Caucasians. Ages ranged from 19-86 years with a mean of 46.2 years. Eight of these cases (3%) were found to have pancreatic ascites. The initial serum and urinary amylase had no prognostic value regarding the subsequent development of pancreatic ascites. The mean ascitic fluid amylase was 14,426 Somogyi units (range 1,279-67,774). The mean ascitic fluid protein was 4.6 gm./100ml. (range 1.4-7.2). High enzyme and protein concentration in the ascitic fluid are characteristic of pancreatic ascites. Out of eight cases, two were associated with a pseudocyst, three with hemorrhagic pancreatitis and three with acute edematous pancreatitis. Four of these eight (50%) died. Pancreatic ascites is a distinct clinical entity which should be differentiated from cirrhotic, tuberculous or malignant ascites.
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PMID:Pancreatic Ascites. 43 2

The acute haemorrhagically necrotizing pancreatitis demands, as a rule, an operative sanation of the local complications. The partial or total pancreatectomy during the first days for preventing the late local complications is loaded with an operation mortality from 35 to 60%. If the early operation is limited to the removal of recognizable and demarkated necroses, the mortality decreases to 30 or 35%. In principal preference of a retarded date of operation and in consequent sanation of local changes, if necessary in repeated interventions, the mortality is between 20 and 33%. The surgical treatment of the chronic pancreatitis shall concerning indication to operation, tactics and kind of intervention always take into consideration an existing abuse of alcohol. Long-term controls revealed that the most essential life-limiting factor is a further existing alcoholism. The more parenchyma is removed in operation the higher is the late mortality.
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PMID:[Surgical treatment of acute and chronic pancreatitis]. 48 23

Compared with the general hospital population of patients with pancreatitis, patients with biliary tract or peptic ulcer disease have de novo pancreatic abscesses develop more commonly than patients with alcoholic pancreatitis. The apparent greater predisposition of the patient with biliary tract or peptic ulcer disease to infection does not seem to be due so much to these patients having potential sources of infection, such as an infected biliary tract or leaking ulcer, as to the fact that many patients with alcoholism and hemorrhagic pancreatitis never survive the fluid loss phase of pancreatitis long enough to have a secondary infection and abscess. The mortality associated with the development of de novo pancreatic abscesses is higher in patients with biliary disease, peptic ulcer or idiopathic pancreatitis in comparison with those patients with alcoholic pancreatitis. Some complications of pancreatic abscesses, such as renal failure, may be avoided through appropriate management of fluid losses during the hemorrhagic phase of pancreatitis preceding absecess formation. Good medical management and aggressive use of newer diagnostic and therapeutic modalities may reduce the mortality and complications of pancreatic abscess. Prompt drainage of an abscess once identified is essential to survival. Proximal colostomy or ileostomy is indicated in the patient with a colonic fistula. Large particulate chunks of necrotic pancreas are not easily evacuated through Penrose, cigarette or sump drains. Marsupialization of the abscess may be considered in patients with this type of abscess.
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PMID:Pancreatic abscess. 50 47

The extension of a pancreatic pseudocyst into the mediastinum is a difficult clinical and radiographic diagnosis. The chest roentgenogram reveals a retrocardiac mass in a patient with nonspecific upper abdominal and chest complaints. Usually there is a preceding history of alcoholism or pancreatitis. The upper gastrointestinal series often demonstrates typical displacement of the distal esophagus anteriorly and to the left. The value of computed tomography is illustrated. Correct preoperative diagnosis is important for proper surgical treatment, since a mediastinal pseudocyst is best managed without thoracotomy.
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PMID:Mediastinal pancreatic pseudocyst. 51 Aug 70


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