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Query: UMLS:C0030201 (Postoperative pain)
 1,085 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Sixty boys aged up to 9 years undergoing orchidopexy were randomly allocated to receive one of three solutions for caudal epidural injection: group A received 1 ml.kg-1 of 0.25% bupivacaine with 0.25 mg.kg-1 of preservative-free ketamine, group B received 1 ml.kg-1 of 0.25% bupivacaine with ketamine 0.5 mg.kg-1 and group C received 1 ml.kg-1 of 0.25% bupivacaine with 1 mg.kg-1 of ketamine. Postoperative pain was assessed by means of a modified Objective Pain Score and analgesia was administered if this score exceeded four. The median duration of caudal analgesia was 7.9 h in group A, 11 h in group B and 16.5 h in group C. There were no differences between the groups in the incidence of motor block, urinary retention, postoperative vomiting or postoperative sedation. Group C had a significantly higher incidence of behavioural side effects, including slightly odd behaviour, vacant stares and abnormal effect than groups A and B.
Anaesthesia 1996 Dec
PMID:The optimal dose of ketamine for caudal epidural blockade in children. 903 62

Postoperative administration of clonidine is an effective treatment for shivering. However, the ability of this drug to stop postanesthetic shivering when administered intraoperatively remains controversial. Furthermore, the relative efficacy of clonidine during isoflurane and propofol anesthesia remains unknown. We therefore evaluated the incidence of postanesthetic shivering in patients given clonidine during nitrous oxide/isoflurane or propofol anesthesia. Because clonidine is an analgesic, we also evaluated postoperative pain and analgesic requirements. We studied 60 patients undergoing elective ear or nose surgery. General anesthesia was induced with 2.0 mg/kg propofol, 1.5 micrograms/kg fentanyl, and 0.1 mg/kg vecuronium. General anesthesia was maintained with isoflurane and 70% nitrous oxide in one group of patients; in the other, a continuous infusion of propofol (8 mg.kg-1.h-1) was administered (without nitrous oxide). Five minutes before tracheal extubation, patients in each group were randomly assigned to receive saline, placebo, or 3 micrograms/kg clonidine intravenously. Postanesthetic shivering was evaluated by a blind investigator. Postoperative pain was assessed using a visual analog scale. Postoperative shivering was observed in 53% of the patients given isoflurane without clonidine and in 13% of the patients given propofol without clonidine. No patient given clonidine shivered. Clonidine administration significantly reduced postoperative pain. The incidence of postanesthetic shivering was significantly less after propofol anesthesia than after isoflurane/nitrous oxide anesthesia. However, a late intraoperative bolus administration of 3 micrograms/kg clonidine prevents postoperative shivering in patients given either type of anesthesia.
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PMID:Late intraoperative clonidine administration prevents postanesthetic shivering after total intravenous or volatile anesthesia. 905 12

Presacral neurectomy is effective treatment for dysmenorrhea and midline pelvic pain. The purpose of this paper is to report the benefits of the argon beam coagulator (ABC) used laparoscopically to perform a presacral neurotomy compared with conventional techniques for presacral neurectomy. In 51 patients undergoing laparoscopic presacral neurectomy, 34 were performed using the ABC only without dissection or excision, and 17 underwent presacral neurectomy by conventional methods. Postoperative pain reduction was the same in both groups, 77% versus 73%, with average anesthesia time 64 minutes for the ABC neurotomy versus 92 minutes with conventional techniques. One major vascular complication requiring immediate laparotomy occurred in the ABC group. When properly applied laparoscopically, the ABC is an effective tool to rapidly coagulate and separate the presacral nerves with minimal smoke, excellent visualization and no retroperitoneal dissection.
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PMID:Laparoscopic Presacral Neurectomy Versus Neurotomy with the Argon Beam Coagulator 907 17

Thirty patients suffering from habitual snoring were subjected to laser-assisted uvulopalatoplasty with a KTP/532 laser under local anesthesia. The patients selected for the present study had no complaints of severe sleep apnea. The surgical procedure included bilateral vertical incision through the palate at the base of the uvula with or without removal of the lower half of the uvula. Ninety-three percent of the patients showed apparent improvement of snoring following the operation. However, other sleep-related symptoms such as sleep quality and daytime sleepiness were not significantly improved. No major or critical complications such as massive bleeding and asphyxia occurred. Post-operative pain on deglutition disappeared in most patients 2 weeks after the operation. This procedure is safe, minimally invasive and effective for habitual snoring without apnea.
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PMID:Laser-assisted uvulopalatoplasty for habitual snoring without sleep apnea: outcome and complications. 910 49

In a prospective, randomized study, laparoscopic (n = 20) and Lichtenstein (n = 18) inguinal hernia repairs were compared in relation to operative time, operative costs, hospital stay, postoperative pain, return to work, patient satisfaction, complications, and total costs. All the operations were performed with the patient under general anesthesia. The median operative times in the laparoscopic and Lichtenstein groups were 71.5 (range, 43-140) and 45 (16-83) min, respectively (p < 0.001). Postoperative pain and use of analgesics was less in the laparoscopic group. The median time to return to work was 14 (8-26) days in the laparoscopic group and 19 (5-40) days in the Lichtenstein group. More complications occurred in the Lichtenstein group. The median of the operative costs, in U.S. dollars, was $1,395 and $878, respectively, and the median total costs (including community expenses resulting from lost workdays) were $4,796 in the laparoscopic and $5,320 in the Lichtenstein groups.
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PMID:Total costs of laparoscopic and lichtenstein inguinal hernia repairs: a randomized prospective study. 911 38

Since January 1993, 10 patients with bilateral ureteral obstruction due to advanced pelvic cancers underwent videoendosurgical cutaneous ureterostomy. Five patients had prostate cancer, three had uterine cancer, and only two had bladder cancer. In five cases a bilateral laparoscopic transperitoneal procedure (LCU) was performed. In five cases a retroperitoneal laparoscopic technique (RLCU) was adopted, and only in one out of these five cases was the procedure done bilaterally. All the procedures were done under general anesthesia. The procedure was accomplished in all the cases without any intraoperative complication. Monolateral retroperitoneal laparoscopic cutaneous ureterostomy (RLCU) required 35-42 min, including the dilation time. Bilateral RLCU required extra time for changing the position of the patient. Postoperative pain was rather insignificant and did not require additional medication. Postdiversion hospital stay was 3-6 days depending on the general condition of the patient. The mean follow-up was 14.4 months.
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PMID:Videoendoscopic retroperitoneal cutaneous ureterostomy. 911 97

A randomized, double blind study was carried out in 76 paediatric surgical patients scheduled for herniography or circumcision. Patients were randomly assigned to receive ilioinguinal and iliohipogastric nerve block (group A), penile block (group B), caudal block (group C) or metamizol intravenously (group D). Postoperative pain was evaluated by Objective pain scale at the end of surgical process and at 15, 30, 60 minutes and 6 hours after surgery. Pain free time was also recorded. There was no difference between groups regarding demographic data. We find a significatively less pain scores in the children who received regional anaesthesia. In those groups the administration of any analgesic were not necessary. No side effects were recorded. We conclude that locorregional anaesthesia techniques are safe and effective for minor surgery in children, because they are easy to carry out, comfortable for the patient, and provide a good postoperative analgesia.
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PMID:[Analysis of regional anesthetic efficacy in pediatric postop pain]. 913 58

Postoperative pain is a significant problem that continues to be undertreated in the pediatric population. Preemptive administration of analgesics has recently emerged as a method to enhance pain management associated with surgery. The purpose of this study was to compare postoperative pain scores, rescue analgesic use, and oral fluid intake in children who received acetaminophen preoperatively to children who received postoperative acetaminophen. The sample consisted of 28 children, 2-8 years of age, scheduled for elective tonsillectomy. Children were randomized into the control or the experimental groups. Anesthesia induction and maintenance were standardized. The experimental group received 15 mg/kg of oral acetaminophen preoperatively, and the control group received 20 mg/kg of rectal acetaminophen postoperatively. Pain was scored with the FLACC (faces, legs, activity, cry, consolability) behavioral assessment tool. Scores were significantly lower for the experimental group at 30 minutes after awakening and significantly lower for the control group at 240 minutes (P < .05). Eight patients (57%) in the control group and only 4 (28%) in the experimental group required rescue morphine postoperatively. Total postoperative morphine was not significantly different between groups. There were no differences in time to initial oral fluid intake and total oral fluid intake postoperatively. Incidence of nausea and vomiting was high in both groups (64-78%). These results provide evidence that preemptive acetaminophen may enhance analgesia in pediatric tonsillectomy patients. Preoperative acetaminophen is a safe, quick, and inexpensive intervention that can readily be incorporated into anesthesia practice.
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PMID:Effect of preemptive acetaminophen on postoperative pain scores and oral fluid intake in pediatric tonsillectomy patients. 920 88

Postoperative pain after major orthopaedic operations can be controlled by continuous intrathecal administration of opioids or local anaesthetics. Effective intrathecal analgesia can be achieved through synergism of low doses of the two analgesic drugs and, possibly, less drug-related adverse effects. Therefore, we have evaluated the usefulness of a combined low-dose bupivacaine and morphine infusion in patients undergoing hip and knee arthroplasty. Spinal anaesthesia was induced in 55 ASA I-III patients with 0.5% bupivacaine 2 ml via a 28-gauge spinal catheter (L3-4 interspace) and 0.5-ml increments were given if needed. Intrathecal 24-h infusions consisted of bupivacaine 2 mg h-1 alone (n = 18), bupivacaine 1 mg h-1 alone (n = 18) or bupivacaine 1 mg h-1 combined with morphine 8 micrograms h-1 (n = 19). The interview after 3, 6, 12 and 24 h included assessment of pain at rest and on movement (VAS scale), occurrence of sensory and motor block and nausea/vomiting. Bupivacaine 1 mg h-1 combined with an infusion of morphine provided as good postoperative analgesia as bupivacaine 2 mg h-1, but motor block disappeared earlier (P = 0.01). Patients in the bupivacaine 1-mg h-1 group required more supplementary doses of oxycodone i.m. than the other groups (P = 0.04). Time to first oxycodone dose from the start of intrathecal infusion did not differ between groups. The frequency of nausea and vomiting was similar in all groups. In spite of this, antiemetic medication was required more often in the bupivacaine 1-mg h-1 group (possible because of opioid rescue medication). On the ward, one patient in the bupivacaine 2-mg h-1 group experienced a new increase in sensory block with concomitant hypotension. One patient in the same group had minor decubitus on the heel of the operated leg, probably because of prolonged motor block. We conclude that intrathecal infusion of a combination of bupivacaine 1 mg h-1 and morphine 8 micrograms h-1 produced adequate postoperative analgesia. Unfortunately, postoperative nausea and vomiting was a frequent disturbing adverse effect.
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PMID:Intrathecal infusion of bupivacaine with or without morphine for postoperative analgesia after hip and knee arthroplasty. 921 16

Intravenous regional anesthesia (IVRA) is an effective method of producing anesthesia of the extremities. Disadvantages are the rapid loss of anesthesia after the deflation of the tourniquet and the rapid development of postoperative pain. This study compared the effect of four different additives to prilocaine with saline on the development of a complete sensory block, on the return of sensory function after deflation of the tourniquet and on the development of postoperative pain after IVRA for minor orthopedic surgery of the arm. Seventy-five patients, ASA class 1 or 2, were randomly divided into 5 groups. All patients received 30 ml. of prilocaine 1%, together with 5 ml. of additive. In group 1, the additive was saline, in group 2 bupivacaine 0.25%, in group 3 clonidine 150 micrograms in saline, in group 4 sufentanil 25 micrograms in saline and in group 5 tenoxicam 20 mg. The development of a complete sensory block proved significantly faster in the patients receiving sufentanil (4.8 min.) as compared to plain prilocaine (7.5 min.). The return of the sensory function was comparable for all groups. Postoperative pain scores were significantly better in the clonidine and tenoxicam groups.
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PMID:Intravenous regional anesthesia. Evaluation of 4 different additives to prilocaine. 925 70


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