Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0030193 (pain)
 261,466 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The parathyroid hormone (PTH) family currently includes three peptides and three receptors. PTH regulates calcium homeostasis through bone and kidney PTH1 receptors. PTH-related peptide, probably also through PTH1 receptors, regulates skeletal, pancreatic, epidermal, and mammary gland differentiation and bladder and vascular smooth muscle relaxation and has a CNS role that is under investigation. Tuberoinfundibular peptide of 39 residues (TIP39) was recently purified from bovine hypothalamus based on selective PTH2 receptor activation. PTH2 receptor expression is greatest in the CNS, where it is concentrated in limbic, hypothalamic, and sensory areas, especially hypothalamic periventricular neurons, nerve terminals in the median eminence, superficial layers of the spinal cord dorsal horn, and the caudal part of the sensory trigeminal nucleus. It is also present in a number of endocrine cells. Thus TIP39 and PTH2 receptor-influenced functions may range from pituitary and pancreatic hormone release to pain perception. A third PTH-recognizing receptor has been found in zebrafish.
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PMID:New members of the parathyroid hormone/parathyroid hormone receptor family: the parathyroid hormone 2 receptor and tuberoinfundibular peptide of 39 residues. 1101 69

Tuberoinfundibular peptide of 39 residues (TIP39), a neuropeptide recently purified from the hypothalamus, appears to be an endogenous ligand for the parathyroid hormone 2 (PTH2) receptor. PTH2 receptors are present in several central nervous system and peripheral areas and are particularly concentrated in the hypothalamus, limbic areas and the outer layers of the spinal cord dorsal horn. TIP39-containing neuronal cell bodies have been identified in the subparafascicular area and the medial paralemniscal nucleus, two brainstem regions that project widely through the entire neuraxis. Treatment of hypothalamic explants with TIP39, and intraventricular injection of the peptide, suggest that it might stimulate hypothalamic-releasing factor secretion. Injection of TIP39, and sequestration of endogenous TIP39 by intrathecal injection of an antibody to TIP39, have provided evidence that it is involved in some aspects of pain sensitivity. Thus, TIP39 might be a new neuromodulator.
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PMID:Emerging functions for tuberoinfundibular peptide of 39 residues. 1247 7

We have previously demonstrated that parathyroid hormone 2 (PTH2) receptors are expressed in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons and that its endogenous agonist tuberoinfundibular peptide of 39 residues (TIP39) causes nociceptive paw flexor responses after intraplantar administration. Here we found that the PTH2 receptor is selectively localized on myelinated A-, but not unmyelinated C-fibers using immunohistochemical labeling, based on PTH2 receptor expression on antibody N52-positive medium/large-sized DRG neurons, but not on TRPV1, substance P, P2X(3) receptor or isolectin B4-binding protein-positive small-sized DRG neurons. Pharmacological studies showed that TIP39-induced nociceptive responses were mediated by activation of G(s) and cAMP-dependent protein kinase. We also found that nociceptive responses induced by TIP39- or the cAMP analog 8-bromo-cAMP were significantly greater following partial sciatic nerve injury induced neuropathic pain, without changes in PTH2 receptor expression. Together these data suggest that activation of PTH2 receptors stimulates nociceptive A-fiber through G(s)-cAMP-dependent protein kinase signaling, and this pathway has elevated sensitization following nerve injury.
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PMID:Parathyroid hormone 2 receptor is a functional marker of nociceptive myelinated fibers responsible for neuropathic pain. 1989 37