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Query: UMLS:C0030193 (pain)
 261,466 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Substance P caused marked analgesic activity in rats after intraventricular administration and in mice after intraperitoneal injection. The hexapeptide pGlu6(SP6-11) was active in mice, but not in rats. Depletion of serotonin with p-chlorophenylalanine abolished the antinociceptive activity in mice, but not in rats, whereas lesion of raphe nuclei blocked the activity of substance P in the latter animals. Although different routes of administration were used, the results seem to indicate different mechanisms of analgesic activity of both peptides in rats and mice, as well as the different role of serotonergic transmission in pain control mechanisms in both species.
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PMID:Substance P, hexapeptide pGlu6(SP6-11), analgesia and serotonin depletion. 616 66

The amplitude of the late pain-related negative-positive peak complex, which we have labeled SP3 (134-150 ms) and SP6 (277-331 ms), respectively, increased with increasing interstimulus interval (ISI). This contrasts with the nociceptive spinal withdrawal reflex and subjective pain rating data, which implied that nociceptive somatosensory processes were unaffected by ISI at stimulus levels that were well within the pain range. A scalp topographic analysis strongly suggested that none of the brain areas responsible for SP3 or SP6 are involved exclusively in nociception. We also observed a pain-related positive potential approximately 161-177 ms following sural nerve stimulation that has not been reported by others. A dipole source localization analysis and the effects of ISI and stimulus intensity on this potential suggest that it is generated by the response of primary somatosensory cortex neurons to inputs arising from the innocuous peripheral afferents and that this response is inhibited by noxious inputs.
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PMID:Effects of interstimulus interval on scalp topographies evoked by noxious sural nerve stimulation. 875 40

This study examined the effects of a selective ischemic block of the A beta peripheral afferents on the pain-related somatosensory evoked potential (SEP). Pain descriptions given during the A beta block suggest that the SEP elicited by noxious sural nerve stimulation arises from activity in the A delta and not the C peripheral afferents. The SEP recorded during the A beta block was characterized by a potential whose latency and topographic pattern was very similar to a late pain-related positive potential (SP6) that we have described in previous work. These results provide further evidence for SP6 being generated by brain areas (sources) that receive noxious inputs and make it very unlikely that sources involved exclusively in innocuous somatosensory processes contribute to SP6.
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PMID:Effects of a selective A beta afferent block on the pain-related SEP scalp topography. 882 91

Electroacupuncture has been proposed to be a low cost and practical method that allows effective pain management with minimal collateral effects. In this study we have examined the effect of electroacupuncture against the hyperalgesia developed in a model of post-incisional pain in rats. A 1-cm longitudinal incision was made through the skin and fascia of the plantar region of the animal hind paw. Mechanical hyperalgesia in the incision was evaluated 135 min after the surgery with von Frey filaments. The tension threshold was reduced from 75 g (upper limit of the test) to 1.36 +/- 0.36 g (mean +/- SEM) in control rats. It is shown that a 15-min period of electroacupuncture applied 120 min after surgery to the Zusanli (ST36) and Sanyinjiao (SP6) points, but not to non-acupoints, produces a significant and long-lasting reduction of the mechanical hyperalgesia induced by the surgical incision of the plantar surface of the ipsilateral hind paw. The tension threshold was reduced from 75 to 27.6 +/- 4.2 g in animals soon after the end of electroacupuncture. The mechanical threshold in this group was about 64% less than in control. Electroacupuncture was ineffective in rats treated 10 min earlier with naloxone (1 mg/kg, ip), thus confirming the involvement of opioid mechanisms in the antinociceptive effects of such procedure. The results indicate that post-incisional pain is a useful model for studying the anti-hyperalgesic properties of electroacupuncture in laboratory animals.
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PMID:Anti-hyperalgesic effect of electroacupuncture in a model of post-incisional pain in rats. 1092 Apr 38

A quantitative scalp topographic pattern analysis was used to compare evoked potentials elicited by painful laser (LEP) and electrical stimulation of the sural nerve (snSEP) in 22 healthy adults. The snSEP and LEP were separated into stable periods (consecutive time points having the same topographic pattern). The topographic pattern is dependent upon the number, location, orientation and relative magnitudes of the brain areas active at that time (source configuration). Demonstrating that 2 topographies have the same topographic pattern, therefore, provides evidence that they are generated by the same source configuration. The snSEP SP2/3 and SP3 stable periods have similar topographic features as the stable periods encompassing the LEP N1 and N2 peaks. However, the quantitative scalp topographic analysis demonstrated that the snSEP SP2/3 and SP3 have a much larger fronto-central negativity. Our earlier work suggests this difference might be due to the sural nerve electrical stimulus evoking a more robust pain-evoked response from the anterior cingulate cortex than the laser. The snSEP SP6 topographic pattern was essentially the same as the LEP P2 peak. This finding plus the results of our earlier work demonstrate that SP6 is the snSEP analogue of the LEP P2 peak. These findings have important implications for the choice of evoking stimulus in investigations of pain processing in humans. For example, the sural nerve electrical stimulus will be preferred over the laser in studies of the anterior cingulate's role in cognitive processes related to pain, such as orienting attention, and/or in studies involving cognitive tasks that require the presentation of a large number of painful stimuli. The LEP N1 and N2 peaks, on the other hand, will be preferred in studies of the parietal operculum's role in pain sensation.
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PMID:Topographic analysis of painful laser and sural nerve electrical evoked potentials. 1516 14

This study examined the effects of orienting on two pain-related components of the sural nerve-evoked somatosensory evoked potential: the NDP (80-230 ms), which is generated in part by the anterior cingulate cortex (ACCc), and SP6 (280-340 ms). NDP and SP6 amplitudes were larger when subjects oriented their attention away from an invalidly cued location and toward the sural nerve pain than when their attention remained focused on the pain. These results and our earlier studies suggest that the ACCc activity generating the NDP is involved in detecting transient painful stimuli. This activity is enhanced when the pain occurs outside the focus of attention, and it may signal other brain areas that attention should be oriented away from its current focus and toward the pain. SP6 appears to be a pain-evoked P3a event-related potential, with an anterior component involved in orienting attention away from some other task and toward the pain, and an posterior component involved in evaluating the pain.
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PMID:Electrophysiological indices of orienting attention toward pain. 1531 81

Acupuncture points (APs) are well known to be small regions of local or referred pain that are more sensitive than surrounding tissue. Based on bibliographical and clinical data, specific conditions are commonly believed to change the pain sensitivity at corresponding APs. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the pressure pain threshold (PPT) of specific APs is associated with the severity of premenstrual syndrome. The 46 participants were female students attending a middle school. Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) was measured using a structured questionnaire, the menstruation distress questionnaire (MDQ). High PMS (HP) and low PMS (LP) groups were divided based on their MDQ scores. The PPTs at sites in the leg (the APs SP6, GB39, and LR3 and a non-AP 2-cm anterior to SP6) and in the arm (the APs PC6, TE5, and LI4 and a non-AP 2-cm proximal to PC6) were measured using an algometer. The PPT of the HP group at SP6 was significantly lower than that of the LP group (13.50 +/- 0.73 vs. 16.30 +/- 0.66 kilopascals, P < 0.05), but not at other APs or at non-APs. The findings of our study support the hypothesis that the alteration of pain threshold at specific APs is associated with the severity of corresponding diseases. Further studies are needed to determine whether an observation of pain sensitivity at the APs could be used as an adjunctive tool for the diagnosis of a clinical problem.
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PMID:The alteration of pain sensitivity at disease-specific acupuncture points in premenstrual syndrome. 1737 70

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) at selected acupoints on enhancing the rate of muscle force recovery after strenuous knee extension/flexion exercise. Ten male and seven female healthy young adults participated in this study in which they performed isokinetic knee fatigue exercise on the Biodex System 3 ergometer on three separate days. After the familiarization trial on day 1, subjects underwent 15 min of either TEAS or pseudo-TEAS recovery treatment after the isokinetic exercise in the following two trials on days 2 and 3, respectively. The TEAS treatment was applied on four selected acupoints [Zusanli (ST36), Chenshan (BL57), Yanglingquan (GB34) and Sanyinjiao (SP6)] while the pseudo-TEAS treatment was applied to the points away from the true acupoints. Isometric knee extension peak torque was measured before and immediately after the test exercise, and again during the 15-min recovery period at 5-min intervals. Blood lactate and median power frequency (MF) of the vastus medialis, vastus lateralis and rectus femoris were also measured at the same time points. The results indicated that the TEAS treatment was significantly more effective than the pseudo-TEAS treatment in enhancing the rate of muscle force recovery (knee extension peak torque recovery after 15 min, from 155 to 195 Nm in TEAS group and from 155 to 182 Nm in the pseudo-TEAS group), but had no effect on lactate removal and MF restitution rate. It is proposed that pain control is a plausible mechanism to explain the benefit of TEAS treatment. As TEAS is a non-invasive and simple treatment, it is feasible to apply it during and immediately after training.
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PMID:Effect of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation on fatigue recovery of the quadriceps. 1754 60

Previous studies have indicated that the anterior pretectal nucleus (APtN) is implicated in pathways that descend through the dorsolateral funiculus (DLF) to modulate nociceptive inputs in the spinal dorsal horn. The activation of descending inhibitory mechanisms also seems to be involved in electroacupuncture (EA)-induced analgesia. This study utilized the tail-flick test to examine the changes produced by DLF lesion or injection of 2% lidocaine into the APtN in the analgesia induced by 2 or 100 Hz EA applied to the Zusanli (ST36) and Sanyinjiao (SP6) acupoints in lightly anesthetized rats. Tail-flick latency was significantly increased by EA, the effect of 2 Hz EA lasting longer than that produced by 100 Hz EA. The effect of either 2 or 100 Hz EA did not occur in DLF lesion rats. The effect of 2 Hz EA did not occur in rats with neural block of the whole or dorsal APtN. In contrast, the effect of 100 Hz EA was reduced in rats with neural block of the whole APtN, but remained unchanged in rats with neural block of the dorsal APtN. We thus conclude that the integrity of the APtN and DLF is necessary for EA-induced analgesia in the rat tail-flick test. In addition, the integrity of the dorsal APtN is necessary for the analgesic effect of 2 but not 100 Hz EA.
Eur J Pain 2010 Mar
PMID:The integrity of the anterior pretectal nucleus and dorsolateral funiculus is necessary for electroacupuncture-induced analgesia in the rat tail-flick test. 1956 Mar 80

Introduction. The reduction of the duration and pain of the active phase of labor is a very important issue and therefore always under serious investigation. Objective. The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the effect of acupressure at the Sanyinjiao point (SP6) on the duration and pain of the active phase of labor in nulliparas women. Method. A single blind randomized clinical trial was performed on 120 eligible nulliparas women who were at the beginning of active phase of labor (3-4 cm dilatation of cervix plus proper uterine contractions). The women were randomly assigned into two groups. The case group (n = 60), received acupressure at Sanyinjiao point (above the ankle), for 30 min during contractions. In the control group (n = 60), simply a touch at this point without massage was performed. Two hours later a second pelvic examination was performed and in the absence of good forceful contractions oxytocin in the classical form was infused. Finally, duration of active phase, severity of pain (using the Visual Analogue Scale), the amount of necessary oxytocin and necessity to administer oxytocin and the route of delivery were compared between the two groups and statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 15. Results. The mean duration of active phase was shorter in the case group (252.37 +/- 108.50 min vs. 441.38 +/- 155.88, p = 0.0001). Six patients (10%) in the case group and 25 patients (41.7%) in the control group delivered via cesarean section (p = 0.0001). The severity of pain in the case group was less than the control group (5.87 +/- 1.77 vs. 6.79 +/- 1.52, p = 0.003). Twenty-five women (41.7%) in the case group and 38 women (63.3%) in the control group needed oxytocin (p = 0.017) The amount of necessary oxytocin in the case group was less than the control group (73.33 +/- 97.19 ml vs. 126.6 +/- 97.19 ml, p = 0.003). Conclusion. Acupressure at Sanyinjiao point (SP6) reduced the duration and severity of pain of the active phase of labor, cesarean section rates, and necessity and amount of oxytocin.
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PMID:Effects of acupressure at the Sanyinjiao point (SP6) on the process of active phase of labor in nulliparas women. 1975 34


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