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Query: UMLS:C0030193 (pain)
 261,466 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The existence of a relationship between inhibition of prostaglandin biosynthesis and analgesic or anti-inflammatory activity was investigated in the case of the non-narcotic analgesics glafenine, floctafenine and clometacine, in comparison to indomethacin and acetylsalicylic acid. These compounds inhibit prostaglandin biosynthesis from arachidonic acid in a guinea-pig lung homogenate as strongly as indomethacin. On its biosynthesis in rat epididymal tissue stimulated by noradrenaline, glafenine equals indomethacin inhibitory potency, whereas floctafenine and clometacine are less active. Acetylsalicylic acid is the least active in both preparations. In vivo, prostaglandin biosynthesis induced in rat peritoneal fluid by injection of acetic acid is inhibited by the 5 drugs, ranked as follows: floctafenine greater than indomethacin greater than glafenine greater than clometacine greater than acetylsalicylic acid. The pharmacological profile of glafenine, floctafenine and clometacine is characterized by a relatively strong effect on acetic acid writhing and a relatively weak effect on carrageenin oedema, U.V. erythema and adjuvant arthritis. The inhibition of prostaglandin biosynthesis seems better correlated with their analgesic activity than with their anti-inflammatory effects. The results show that prostaglandins could play an important role in the genesis of tissulary pain in animals.
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PMID:Inhibition of prostaglandin biosynthesis by non-narcotic analgesic drugs. 1 49

To assess the etiologic role of C. trachomatis and other microorganisms in idiopathic epididymitis, 23 men underwent microbiologic studies, including cultures of epididymal aspirates in 16. 11 of 13 men under age 35 had C. trachomatis infection whereas 8 of 10 over age 35 had coliform urinary tract infection. Cultures of epididymal aspirates yielded C. trachomatis alone in 5 of 6 men under 35, and coliform bacteria alone in 5 of 10 over 35. These results suggests that C. trachomatis is the major cause of idiopathic epididymitis, and coliform bacteria the major cause of epididymitis in older men. Expressible urethral discharge and inguinal pain were more common in the chlamydial cases, whereas concurrent genitourinary abnormality and scrotal edema and erythema occurred more commonly in the coliform cases. The morbidity attributable to C. trachomatis is as serious as that attributable to Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
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PMID:Chlamydia trachomatis as a cause of acute "idiopathic" epididymitis. 62 87

The results in 21 patients with Peyronie's disease who were managed with a course of dermo-jet percutaneous injections of dexamethasone into the plaques are described herein. These patients had 6 to 10 injections at intervals of 1 month for 6 months. In a high percentage of the cases there occurred a disappearance or decrease in the size of the plaques, pain on erection and discomfort during sexual relations. Also, there was a high rate of improvement in the chordee. Because of the natural history of resolution of the plaques and the small number of patients, statistical significance is not believed applicable, although 71 per cent of the patients had experienced prior failure with other modes of therapy. Eight patients experienced urinary or prostato-epididymal infections at some time in their medical history, correlating well with the inflammatory theory as the cause of the disorder.
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PMID:Peyronie's disease: results with dermo-jet injection of dexamethasone. 119 71

Therapeutic efficacy and clinical side-effects of ivermectin (single dose of 100 micrograms/kg) and diethylcarbamazine (DEC) (3 mg/kg for one day, then 6 mg/kg daily for 12 d) were evaluated for microfilaricidal effect in Bancroftian filariasis. Seventy-one microfilaraemic consenting adult male patients (greater than or equal to 100 microfilariae (mf)/ml) were randomly assigned to receive ivermectin, DEC or placebo and kept in hospital for 15 d. Those receiving placebo were treated with ivermectin on day 9. Ivermectin (19 'double-blinded' and 22 'unblinded' patients) caused an abrupt reduction in mf count to 1.5% of the pre-treatment level 12 h after drug administration and to 0.06% on day 14, with recrudescence to 1.8% after one month and to 9.2% after 3 months. DEC (30 patients) caused a gradual drop in mf count to 1.1% of the pre-treatment level on day 14, which increased to 2.4% after one and 3 months. The total scores of side-effects were 77 (1%), 305 (2.1%) and 311.5 (3.0%) for placebo, ivermectin and DEC respectively; the differences between DEC or ivermectin and placebo were statistically significant. Ivermectin produced lower side-reaction scores than DEC and the differences were highly significant at the 95% confidence level. Side-effects were mainly headache and body aches in the ivermectin patients, which appeared as early as 4 h after drug administration, resolved within 36 to 48 hours, and were significantly related to mf densities. Side-effects in DEC patients were mainly testicular and epididymal pain and swelling, unrelated to mf densities, which began at day 2 and continued to day 7.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:A placebo-controlled double-blind trial for the treatment of bancroftian filariasis with ivermectin or diethylcarbamazine. 178 Sep 96

Aspiration and instillation of Sodium tetradecyl sulphate into the sac was used as definitive treatment for 106 patients with hydroceles and epididymal cysts. 83 of these (78%) were cured by a single treatment. Complications were uncommon and mainly consisted of mild pain and swelling.
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PMID:'A lovely bunch of coconuts'. 178 10

A prospective study was carried out to compare Lord's hydrocele operation with traditional surgical procedures. The groups of patients investigated were comparable in terms of age, period of observation, number of previous aspirations and size of hydrocele. The incidence of isolated hydrocele of the spermatic cord, as well as epididymal cysts, was lower in the patients who underwent Lord's procedure (7.2 versus 15.8%), as was the percentage of patients reporting post-operative pain for more than 3 days (4.3 versus 15.8%, p less than 0.05).
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PMID:Lord's procedure--the best operation for hydrocele? 149 21

Epididymectomy was performed on 10 men with intractable post-vasectomy pain, on 7 with chronic epididymo-orchitis and 7 with epididymal cysts. The vasectomy patients had pain of mean 6 years duration, 6 months-20 years after surgery. In 9 the pain was a constant, dull ache. 5 had unilateral, and 5 bilateral epididymectomy. Only 5 were relieved of pain: 1 subsequently had orchidectomy with symptomatic improvement. The other 4 were offered orchidectomy. There was no obvious association of clinical findings with results. All 7 patients with epididymo-orchitis were relieved, although 1 required orchidectomy. 4 of the 7 with cysts had complained of pain, and all were asymptomatic after surgery. The most common pathological findings in the vasectomy patients were obstruction and dilatation of the efferent and epididymal ducts with interstitial fibrosis, and perineural inflammation and fibrosis around nerves, particularly in the tail of epididymis. So-called "late vasectomy syndrome" or unremitting pain is rare, and probable related to sperm granuloma.
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PMID:Epididymectomy for post-vasectomy pain: histological review. 193 63

Aspiration and tetracycline (Achromycin) instillation has been used to sclerose 'scrotal cysts'. Thirteen hydroceles and epididymal cysts were treated. Of the cysts treated, four failed to sclerose, and moderate to severe pain occurred in eight patients. In three patients the pain was severe, necessitating admission to the hospital. We would not recommend this treatment either in terms of efficacy or for patient comfort.
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PMID:Sclerotherapy for 'scrotal cysts' using tetracycline instillation. 205 3

Clinical diagnosis of patients with acute scrotal pain is frequently imperfect. Imaging, using nuclear medicine scintigraphy and hand-held continuous-wave Doppler ultrasound devices, has been used in these patients. We retrospectively analyzed 28 consecutive patients referred for scrotal sonography, all of whom had been imaged using color Doppler sonography. Of 22 patients with confirmed diagnoses, 11 had acute epididymitis/orchitis and 11 had another diagnosis. Ten of 11 patients with acute epididymitis/orchitis had increased epididymal flow. Eight also had increased testicular flow. None of the 11 patients without acute epididymitis/orchitis had increased flow. Our data suggest that color Doppler sonography may be useful in establishing the diagnosis of acute epididymitis/orchitis. This might decrease the need for scrotal exploration. No distinction could be made among scrotal lesions in the nonacute epididymitis/orchitis group. Sensitivity was inadequate to reliably detect flow in normal testicles, a prerequisite to accurately diagnose torsion. Newly improved sensitivity may enhance the utility of color Doppler sonography in assessing patients with acute scrotal pathology.
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PMID:Color Doppler sonography in acute epididymitis and orchitis. 216 Oct 9

Improvements in vasectomy techniques which increase the possibility of successful reversal and speed the testing for sterility are discussed. Open ended vasectomy where the testicular end of the vas is open to the scrotal cavity is described. The advantages of the technique include: less damage to the epididymis in the presence of a sperm granuloma on the testicular end and therefore increased chances for a successful reversal, and reduced post vasectomy epididymal pain, inflammation or orchalagia. In 4330 open-ended vasectomies the rate of epididymal congestion was significantly less than in 3867 standard vasectomies and the rate of painful sperm granuloma was reduced, while spontaneous recanalization was rare in both groups. Reducing the time the man must wait for a negative sperm test is accomplished by washing the sperm from the prostatic or distal end of the vas with a small volume of 1% lignocaine hydrochloride. With this procedure 95% of the patients are clear of sperm within 4 to 6 weeks. Washing out the proximal vas induces a feeling of burning or wetting or some other prostatic urethra sensation in the patient which immediately confirms that the physician is operating on the correct structure. The most common patient questions about vasectomies relate to the cost and the safety of the procedure. Studies to date have shown no harmful effects to be associated with vasectomies.
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PMID:Vasectomy in review. 210 76


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