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 261,466 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A variety of graft sources have been used for ACL reconstruction to improve functions and kinematics in ACL deficient knees. The two most commonly used autogenous grafts are the central third of the patellar tendon and the hamstring tendon constructs. The choice of different grafts and different construct influence the final clinical outcome of ACL reconstruction. The 3 groups, of 25 patients each, were generated by choosing the technique (PT tendon, 4 strand hamstring, and single hamstring plus extraarticular plasty) to utilize and followed for 5 years, with an alternate systematic sampling. Our comparison has shown significant kneeling pain in the patellar tendon with respect to the groups with hamstrings techniques. Single hamstring plus extraarticular plasty achieved subjective score significantly higher with respect to the other two groups as well as for the time to resume sport. The study confirms that patellar tendon and hamstring can be equivalent options for ACL reconstruction. This study demonstrated that a superior outcome as far as subjective clinical findings were concerned, was obtained in group III. Patients in the latter group were also able to return to sports sooner than those in the bone-patellar tendon graft group and the four-strand hamstring group.
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PMID:Prospective and randomized evaluation of ACL reconstruction with three techniques: a clinical and radiographic evaluation at 5 years follow-up. 1690 1

The ACL reconstruction with hamstring tendons has become increasingly popular, in part because it is assumed that the complication rate associated with the technique and their severity are lower than with patellar tendon. Two cases of stress reaction of the medial supracondylar area of the femur after ACL reconstruction with hamstring tendons using BioTransfix (Arthrex, Naples, FL, USA) devices for fixation within femur are presented. Both patients were professional athletes (one soccer and one basketball player), and it is hypothesized that the accelerated rehabilitation program used might have represented a risk factor for stress fractures when associated with the guide pin exit hole in the medial femoral cortex. To our knowledge, no such cases have been published to date, but it is important to consider this possibility if an unexplained pain arises in the rehabilitation process of an ACL reconstruction using transfemoral fixation.
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PMID:Stress fractures of the femur after ACL reconstruction with transfemoral fixation. 1691 84

The medial meniscus is a secondary stabilizer to anterior tibial translation and provides significant stability, especially in an ACL-deficient knee. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinical outcome of medial meniscus repair in the unstable knee. Between 1997 and 2002, 11 patients, with a mean age of 25.8 years (range 15-39 years), underwent all-inside medial meniscus repair, using the Meniscus Arrow, for unstable medial meniscus tear in ACL-deficient knees. For various reasons none of these patients underwent ACL reconstruction. The average follow-up was 73 months (range 52-91 months). There were three failures (27.3%) defined as the need for reoperation and partial meniscectomy. The mean Tegner activity score decreased from 6.75 (pretrauma) to 4.5 (postoperatively). The average Lysholm and subjective IKDC scores were 83 and 77.4, respectively. Two patients were graded as B (nearly normal) and six as C (abnormal), according to the IKDC knee evaluation form. KT-2000 arthrometry demonstrated that sagittal knee laxity was more than 5 mm in all knees (side to side difference). MRI demonstrated grade three signal alterations at the repair site of meniscus in three patients and signs of cartilage damage in two patients. All patients were asymptomatic during daily activities but seven out of eight reported pain or effusion after sports. Medial meniscus repair in the ACL-deficient knee is not contraindicated. The need of reducing the level of physical activity is essential.
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PMID:Mid-term clinical results of medial meniscus repair with the meniscus arrow in the unstable knee. 1696 1

The purpose of this study was to monitor neuromuscular changes in quadriceps femoris muscle at 1 and 3 months after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Changes in isometric muscle strength (MVC), voluntary activation and surface electromyogram (EMG) parameters were examined in relation to knee stability, pain and swelling in 31 patients (25 M, 6 F) mean (SD) 30(8) years. Physically inactive (RC) and sports participants (SC) acted as controls. Median frequency (Hz) and amplitude (mV) of rectus femoris using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) 2(11) was calculated during 5-s isometric contractions at 100, 75, 50 and 25% of MVC. One month after surgery, a significant correlation (P < 0.01) was found between activation (%) and MVC of injured knee extensors. By 3 months, most patients were pain free and had achieved full activation but still had muscle weakness. At 1 and 3 months post-surgery and for all levels of MVC contraction, the median frequencies of the injured limbs were significantly lower (P < 0.05) compared to the SC group as were those of the RC group. There was a significant lowering of the median frequencies of the uninjured limbs compared to the SC group at 75 and 100% of MVC. The EMG amplitude of the uninjured and injured limbs mirrored those of the SC and RC groups, respectively. These results support the view that muscle activation patterns were altered following ACL injury and surgical repair and may contribute to subsequent changes in muscle fibre properties during detraining and subsequent retraining.
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PMID:Changes in muscle strength and EMG median frequency after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. 1703 17

Meniscal lesion does not mean meniscectomy and this is particularly true for the lateral meniscus. The reputation of mildness of the meniscectomy is usurped. The rate of joint space narrowing after lateral meniscectomy is of 40% at a follow-up of 13 years compared to 28% for the medial meniscus (symposium SFA 1996). Several arguments explain those results: biomechanical: the lateral meniscus contributes to the congruence; particularly the lateral meniscus is the zone where antero-posterior translational during knee flexion is 12 mm. The pejorative effects of lateral meniscectomy have conducted, more though to the medial meniscus, to the concept of meniscal economy. Lateral meniscectomy must be as partial as possible. Particularly, a discoid meniscus presenting a complete tear should be treated by a meniscoplasty in order to shape the meniscus in a more anatomic form than a total meniscectomy. Lateral meniscectomy is indicated in complex or horizontal cleavage, symptomatic, on stable knees. A particular case is the cyst of the lateral meniscus. It is a cystic subcutaneous formation, usual consequence of a horizontal cleaved meniscus of which the particularity is that it opens besides the articulation. The strategy must not consist in the isolated treatment of the cyst. This pathology should be addressed by an arthroscopic meniscectomy reaching the meniscosynovial junction at the level of the cyst. Meniscal repair must be proposed every time if possible. Criteria of reparability are better studied on MRI. Preoperatively MRI is the first choice radiological exam. Two essential indications can be held back: the vertical peripheral longitudinal lesion is on the non-vascularized area, and the horizontal cleaving of the junior athlete (if the cleaving remains purely intra meniscal). Meniscal repair is highly performed when the meniscal tear is associated to a rupture of the ACL (simultaneous reconstruction of the LCA). Postoperative outcome is different of that of a "simple" arthroscopic meniscectomy. The healing process being slow, it suits to protect the suture by a splint in the first month, and with an exclusion of sports with knee torsion during 6 months. Functional results (absence of secondary meniscectomy) and anatomical results (reality of the cicatrisation) are good in 77% of cases (symposium of the French Society of Arthroscopy 2003) at a follow-up of 55 months. Survivorship analysis indicates that majority of the failures occur within two years: this testifies a default of primary cicatrisation. At the studied follow-up, meniscal repair was efficient to protect the cartilage. Lateral meniscus results are better that medial meniscus one. Those data support indications: All suspicion of meniscal lesion must have an MRI preoperatively to confirm the lesion, to localize her and to search criteria of reparability; All vertical longitudinal peripheral lesions can and must be repaired especially in young patients and children; All horizontal cleaving of the junior athletes should be treated by open repair; surgical abstention must be proposed when the lesion is non symptomatic, or when lesion is limited and associated to an ACL tear (in that case isolated ACL reconstruction is proposed), or when clinical symptoms are minimal; Meniscectomy, always arthroscopic, is proposed for a symptomatic lesion in the avascular zone or for a deep horizontal cleavage or a complex tear; Tear of the discoid meniscus should be treated by meniscoplasty. A painful knee after lateral meniscectomy might be due to a too limited initial meniscectomy: an iterative meniscectomy may be indicated or lateral femorotibial arthritis, especially after subtotal or total meniscectomy. In this last case and after failure of usual medical treatment such as viscosupplementation surgery may be indicated. Osteotomy in order to unload the lateral femorotibial compartment gives a partial response as the shearing forces remain. This osteotomy is indicated only if the lower limb axis is normal or in valgus. Meniscal allograft is an option in young patients in grade I or II arthritis. Results are promising. Rene Verdonk's series show a survivorship analysis of 75% at 7 years. Early diagnosis of a postmeniscectomy syndrome before cartilaginous lesions occur is essential for an adapted treatment. In conclusion, lateral meniscectomy are less frequent than those of the medial meniscus but their prognosis is less favorable. They should be early diagnosed (MRI). Treatment options are various: abstention, meniscectomy, and repair. Painful post lateral meniscectomy syndrome may be treated by a new surgical option: meniscal allograft.
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PMID:[Adult lateral meniscus]. 1708 83

A 20-year-old male medical student and keen rugby player presented with a 12-month history of progressively worsening right knee pain and stiffness with no history of trauma. Clinical examination revealed effusion and posterior knee pain exacerbated by end range movement and an extension lag of 15 degrees. Physiotherapy to improve the range of motion proved unsuccessful. Magnetic resonance imaging showed that the ACL was grossly thickened and displaced by material reported as mucoid in nature. There were also areas of focally high signal in relation to its tibial attachment and intra osseous small cysts. Arthroscopic examination revealed a ganglion related to the tibial attachment of the ACL and gross thickening and discoloration of the ACL. Biopsies were taken showing foci of mucoid degeneration in the ACL. A large intra-ACL mass of brownish coloured tissue was excised arthroscopically. Already at 2 weeks follow up the patient had greatly improved range of movement and was pain free. However, upon returning to rugby, joint instability was noticed and a tear of the ACL was confirmed. This rare clinical condition can be diagnosed with MRI and arthroscopic debridement effectively relieves symptoms. This case report illustrates that augmentation or reconstruction may end up being the definitive treatment for athletes. It may also offer some support to the argument that mucoid degeneration and ganglion cyst formation share a similar pathogenesis to intra-osseous cyst formation.
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PMID:Case report: intra-tendinous ganglion of the anterior cruciate ligament in a young footballer. 1715 Jan 18

Revision ACL surgery is a technically demanding enterprise that requires meticulous preoperative planning and tempered postoperative expectations on the patient's part. Despite the complexities of the procedure, it is becoming more common as an increasing number of primary ACL reconstructions are being performed, expanding the pool of patients at risk for failure. Candidates for revision surgery should be selected carefully, focusing on those patients with recurrent instability rather than pain as their primary complaint. A thorough history and physical examination is essential, taking care to identify additional patholaxity that might contribute to a failed ACL reconstruction. To optimize outcomes, surgeons must take care to avoid common pitfalls in index and revision procedures. Femoral and tibial tunnels should be positioned anatomically, and staged bone grafting procedures should be considered if revision graft fixation may be compromised by tunnel defects. The type of graft must be carefully selected, appropriately tensioned, and securely fixed. Surgeons should have a number of techniques and instruments at their disposal for performing each of these steps, as the highly variable presentation of failed ACL reconstructions demands a versatile approach. Ultimately, with cautious rehabilitation, these techniques will allow for restoration of knee stability and, in many cases, an improvement in activity level.
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PMID:Technical considerations in revision anterior cruciate ligament surgery. 1799 76

This study examines the effect of the tibial slope on the anterior cruciate ligament lesion (separately on the lateral and medial tibial condyle). The study consisted of 33 matched pairs of patients divided into two groups: an examined group with a diagnosed ACL lesion, and a control group with diagnosed patellofemoral pain. The patients were matched on the basis of four attributes: age, sex, type of lesion (whether it was profession-related), and whether the lesion was left- or right-sided. Measurements were carried out by radiography and MRI. In the examined group, the lateral tibial plateau was significantly greater than in the control group (P < 0.001), and the medial tibial plateau had lower tibial slope values than the control group; however, the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.066). In both groups, the difference between the slopes on the lateral and medial plateaus was statistically significant (P < 0.001). In relation to ACL intact patients, population with ACL rupture have greater tibial slope of the lateral condyle. The greater tibial slope of the lateral tibial plateau may be the factor that leads to the injury of the anterior cruciate ligament. Compared to the medial plateau, the population with ACL rupture have a greater tibial slope on the lateral plateau, while the population of the intact ACL have greater tibial slope on the medial plateau. The tibial slope of the medial and lateral condyle should be compared separately because the values obtained from the two sets of data were different, revealing apparently opposing effects on the ACL lesion.
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PMID:Is there an influence of the tibial slope of the lateral condyle on the ACL lesion? A case-control study. 1823 48

Pain thresholds and levels of distress before and in the early postoperative period after anterior cruciate ligament surgery were measured in professional and amateur male soccer players and compared. Between June 2005 and March 2007, 30 soccer players (10 amateur, 20 professional) with acute or chronic tears of the anterior cruciate ligament who were scheduled for a bone-tendon-bone ACL reconstruction procedure were enrolled in the study. Measures of pain intensity, depression and anxiety were assessed 1 day pre-operation and 1 week and 3 weeks post-operation (T1 T2 and T3). Pain was assessed using a visual analog scale (VAS), depression with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and anxiety with both the state and trait forms of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Scores on the VAS, BDI, and STAI in both groups were analyzed. The mean VAS scores at T1 and T2 in professional players were not significantly higher than those in amateur players (P>0.05). Professionals had significantly higher BDI scores at T1 and T2 (P<0.05), but this difference was not significant at T3 (P=0.12). High depression scores did not correlate with high pain scores. Pain scores between professional and amateur soccer players with ACL injuries were not significantly different pre-op or in the early post-op period. Depression was more common in professionals before and after their ACL surgery, but anxiety levels were not significantly different between the two groups.
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PMID:Pain and affective distress before and after ACL surgery: a comparison of amateur and professional male soccer players in the early postoperative period. 1863 61

ACL reconstruction with bone patellar tendon bone (BPTB) grafts has been shown to produce dependable results. Recently, reconstructions with double-looped semitendinosus gracilis (DLSG) grafts have become common. The prevailing opinion is that ACL reconstruction with patellar tendon graft produces a more stable knee with more anterior knee pain than DLSG grafts, while the functional results and knee scores are similar. The present study evaluates BPTB grafts fixed with metallic interference screws and DLSG grafts fixed with Bone Mulch Screw on the femur and WasherLoc fixation on the tibia. All else being the same, there is no difference in the outcome between the two grafts and fixation methods. This is a prospective randomized multicenter study. A total of 115 patients with isolated ACL ruptures were randomized to either reconstruction with BPTB grafts fixed with metal interference screws (58 patients) or DLSG grafts (57 patients) fixed with Bone Mulch Screws and WasherLoc Screws. Follow-up was at one and two years; the latter by an independent observer. At two years, one ACL revision had been performed in each group. Eight patients in the DLSG group and one in the BPTB group underwent meniscus surgery in the follow-up period (P = 0.014). Mean Lysholm score at the two year follow-up was 91 (SD +/- 10.3) in the DLSG group and also 91 (SD +/- 10.2) in the BPTB group. Mean KT-1000 at two years was 1.5 mm in the BPTB group and 1.8 mm in the DLSG group (n.s.). At two years, four patients in the BPTB group and three in the DLSG group had a Lachman test grade 2 or 3 (n.s.). More patients in the BPTB group had pain at the lower pole of the patella (P = 0.04). Peak flexion torque and total flexion work were lower in the DLSG group at one year (P = 0.003 and P = 0.000) and total flexion work also at two years (P = 0.05). BPTB ACL reconstruction fixed with interference screws and DLSG fixed with Bone Mulch Screws on the femur and WasherLoc Screws on the tibia produce satisfactory and nearly identical outcomes. Among our patients in the DLSG group, flexion strength was lower, and more patients underwent meniscus surgery in the follow-up period. The BPTB group has more anterior knee pain.
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PMID:Autologous patellar tendon and quadrupled hamstring grafts in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a prospective randomized multicenter review of different fixation methods. 1995 28


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