Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0030193 (pain)
 261,466 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Neuropeptide FF (FLFQPQRF-NH2), originally isolated from bovine brain, is an FMRF-NH2-like peptide with morphine-modulating activity. Neuropeptide FF (NPFF) is highly localized in the dorsal spinal cords where there are also specific NPFF binding sites. Furthermore, there have been studies indicating that NPFF may participate in the regulation of pain threshold in the spinal cord. However, whether NPFF can be released from the spinal cord is not known. The present experiments, using an in vitro superfusion of an isolated whole rat spinal cord, demonstrated that high concentrations of KCl or substance P caused a release of NPFF immunoreactive material (IR) from the spinal cord into the perfusion medium in a calcium-dependent manner. Substance P (1-11) also produced a detectable release of NPFF-IR in vivo although the response was quite variable. The released NPFF-IR was analyzed by an HPLC study and found to consist of NPFF and other minor immunoreactive peptides. Further studies with substance P-related peptides showed that the in vitro release of NPFF-IR could also be induced by substance P (1-7) but not by [pGlu5,Me-Phe8,Sar9]-substance P (5-11) or substance K. These results suggest that the specific substance P receptor (SP-N), which is recognized by both substance P (1-11) and substance P (1-7) rather than the tachykinin receptor, is involved in NPFF secretion from the spinal cord. In view of the role of substance P (1-11) and substance P (1-7) in sensory transmission, the results of this study further support the role of NPFF in the modulation of antinociception in the spinal cord.
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PMID:Release of neuropeptide FF (FLFQPQRF-NH2) from rat spinal cord. 128 May 19

This paper describes a prospective, double blind, randomised and dummy-controlled trial in 28 patients with chronic mechanical low back pain presenting to the York Pain Clinic. The therapeutic effects of epidural methyl prednisolone (80 mg) were compared with intrathecal midazolam (2 mg). All the patients had pain for a considerable length of time (range: 1-35 years) and all had received previous treatments which had failed. The two groups of patients were comparable in terms of pain duration, demography, extent of disability, anxiety and depression and pain locus of control. The pain was assessed before and for 2 months after treatment using the short form McGill Pain Questionnaire as well as visual analogue and verbal rating scales for sensory and affective components of their pain experience; patients also completed a pain diary. Both treatments caused a similar improvement in one-half to three-quarters of the patients for 2 months in patterns of activity and sleep as well as in the sensory and affective components of the pain. However, although the improvement in the two groups was similar, all the patients treated with steroid were either taking more or the same amount of self-administered analgesic medication after their treatment, whereas between one-third and one-half of the midazolam-treated patients took less medication during the 2 month follow-up period. We conclude that intrathecal midazolam is an effective treatment for chronic mechanical low back pain. The mechanism responsible for this effect is discussed.
Pain 1992 Jan
PMID:Intrathecal midazolam for the treatment of chronic mechanical low back pain: a controlled comparison with epidural steroid in a pilot study. 153 83

The analgesic effects of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) and vibratory stimulation (VS), used both separately and simultaneously, were compared in 24 patients suffering from chronic pain. We tested the hypothesis that these combined procedures might improve the pain reducing effects obtained with a single type of stimulation, since they make it possible to recruit a larger number of large diameter afferents and/or to increase the discharge frequencies. Four 35-minute treatment sessions (VS, TENS, VS + TENS, Sham stimulation) were run with each patient. The vibrations (100 Hz) and TENS (100 Hz) were applied to the surface of the painful region. The sham stimulation treatment consisted of positioning the TENS electrodes without actually delivering any current. The short form of the McGill pain questionnaire was used to assess the subjects' pain levels. The assessments took place immediately after any treatment (0h.), and again 4 hours and 24 hours later. The results showed that dual stimulation not only alleviated pain in more cases than either VS or TENS alone, but also had stronger and more long-lasting analgesic effects. On the other hand, all three types of stimulation used produced stronger analgesic effects than those obtained with the sham stimulation.
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PMID:Analgesic effects of vibration and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation applied separately and simultaneously to patients with chronic pain. 171 60

Twelve patients presenting to an emergency department in headache crisis were treated with Ketorolac tromethamine 60 mg. intramuscularly. All improved sufficiently to require no further emergent treatment. There was statistically significant improvement on all segments of the short form McGill Pain Questionnaire. This open label trial suggests that Ketorolac Tromethamine may be a useful agent in the treatment of headache crisis, and a controlled study to examine this is warranted.
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PMID:Ketorolac in acute headache management. 177 62

This study examined profiles of self-reported depressive symptoms in chronic pain patients (n = 51), family practice outpatients (n = 52), and controls (n = 53) who were receiving neither psychological nor medical treatment and were pain free. Subjects in the three groups were matched for age and sex. The short form of the Multiscore Depression Inventory (SMDI) was used. Chronic pain and family practice groups had similar SMDI profiles, with significant elevations on Low Energy, Pessimism, Sad Mood, and Low Self-Esteem subscales compared with controls. Although both groups of medical patients were depressed compared with control subjects, their SMDI profiles were different from those previously reported for psychiatric inpatients with a diagnosis of depression.
Clin J Pain 1990 Dec
PMID:Self-reported depression profiles in chronic pain and family practice patients. 213 26

A Czech translation of the short form McGill Pain Questionnaire was tested in a group of patients suffering from pain of vertebrogenic origin. The results support the hypothesis that the questionnaire will be an asset in various disciplines of medical practice. While taking up little time it provides a comprehensive and valid picture of the quality and intensity of pain experienced by the patient. The results indicated that the questionnaire can differentiate between different syndromes of pain and is sensitive to the effect of placebo.
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PMID:[Characterization of vertebrogenic pain using the short form of the McGill Pain Questionnaire]. 215 Jan 84

The centrally induced effects of angiotensin II and substance P on the cardiovascular system and on neuronal efferent activity of the splanchnic, renal, and adrenal nerves were investigated in chronically instrumented conscious rats. The pressor responses to substance P injected into the lateral brain ventricle were accompanied by marked and short latency increases in heart rate, cardiac output, splanchnic, renal, and adrenal nerve activity, and a rise in plasma noradrenaline and adrenaline. Behaviorally, an arousal-type reaction was observed. In contrast, the pressor responses to intracerebroventricular angiotensin II were associated with initial decreases in heart rate, cardiac output, splanchnic, renal, and adrenal nerve activity, and a fall in plasma noradrenaline at the time of the maximal blood pressure increase. In some but not all animals, a second blood pressure peak associated with increases in heart rate and splanchnic nerve activity was observed after several minutes. Incomplete chronic sinoaortic baroreceptor deafferentiation prevented the angiotensin II-induced fall in heart rate but not the initial fall in splanchnic nerve activity. The decreases in splanchnic nerve activity also occurred in diabetes insipidus rats and persisted in Long Evans rats after vascular vasopressin receptor blockade with d(CH2)5AVP, despite marked reductions of the pressor responses in both groups. Peripheral alpha-adrenoceptor blockade with prazosin or ganglion blockade with hexamethonium inhibited the central angiotensin II pressor responses only in combination with vasopressin receptor blockade. On the other hand, either sympatholytic drug, alone, abolished the pressor responses in the diabetes insipidus rats. This indicates that in intact conscious rats the central pressor effects of angiotensin II are initiated by vasopressin release but become dependent on the sympathetic nervous system when vasopressin is absent or not effective. When rats were allowed to drink in response to angiotensin II, a further sharp rise in blood pressure occurred, together with increases in heart rate and splanchnic nerve activity. The results demonstrate fundamental differences in the mechanisms by which central pressor peptides can influence cardiovascular and autonomic function. It is conceivable that the distinct sympathetic response patterns to central angiotensin II and substance P receptor stimulation form part of a specific cardiovascular adjustment to the individual behavioral reactions, such as drinking, as in the case of angiotensin II, or arousal within the central processing of pain, as in the case of substance P.
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PMID:Differential effects of central angiotensin II and substance P on sympathetic nerve activity in conscious rats. Implications for cardiovascular adaptation to behavioral responses. 257 49

Malunion of distal radius fractures leads, especially in those patients who are manually employed, to functional disability of the hand. Painful impingement on the ulnar side of the wrist results in decreased range of motion in pronation/supination and loss of strength. By reconstructing as precisely as possible the axial and longitudinal relationship of the forearm bones, the desired congruence of the distal radioulnar joint can be achieved, this improving greatly the strength and function of the hand. Indications, point of time, as well as technique in operating will be presented in short form in 42 of our own cases: complications will also be discussed. The roentgenographic and functional results, as well as the subjective evaluation from 33 patients whose operations took place longer than a year ago, before and after the malunion correction, will be listed according to our postoperative examination protocol for radius fractures. In all three parameters positive results could be shown, especially in the patient's subjective analysis. Notice will be taken on the special difficulties in position corrections in cases in which the ulnar side fragment is dislocated.
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PMID:[Corrective osteotomy following peripheral radius fractures. Method and results]. 261 25

Depression is a complex, debilitating illness that is frequently present in a medically ill population. Assessment of depression presents a challenge to the nurse practitioner whose patient may not describe a depressed mood, but presents with multiple somatic complaints that do not respond to usual interventions. A two-phase descriptive survey that examined the incidence and severity of depressive symptomatology in 30 women on their initial visits to a general medical clinic is reviewed. In addition to an evaluation of depression, somatic symptoms and demographic data relevant to the assessment of depression were obtained. Fifty percent (15) of the women exhibited symptoms of depression as measured by the Beck Depression Inventory. Significant positive correlations were found between depression, stress, level of somatic symptoms, pain and family history of depression. A chart review was done four months subsequent to administration of the Beck Depression Inventory for data concerning care. Significant negative correlations were found between depression and number of clinic visits. The chart review revealed that the depression experienced by the 15 women was apparently unrecognized and untreated. The diagnostic criteria for major depression and the medical conditions that may present with depressive symptoms are covered to assist NPs in recognizing depression. Drugs that can aggravate an existing depression or cause depression as a side effect are listed. The short form of the Beck Depression Inventory is provided to help NPs uncover hidden depressive symptoms in their clients.
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PMID:The prevalence of depression in women in an ambulatory care setting. 357 84

A short form of the McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ) has been developed. The main component of the SF-MPQ consists of 15 descriptors (11 sensory; 4 affective) which are rated on an intensity scale as 0 = none, 1 = mild, 2 = moderate or 3 = severe. Three pain scores are derived from the sum of the intensity rank values of the words chosen for sensory, affective and total descriptors. The SF-MPQ also includes the Present Pain Intensity (PPI) index of the standard MPQ and a visual analogue scale (VAS). The SF-MPQ scores obtained from patients in post-surgical and obstetrical wards and physiotherapy and dental departments were compared to the scores obtained with the standard MPQ. The correlations were consistently high and significant. The SF-MPQ was also shown to be sufficiently sensitive to demonstrate differences due to treatment at statistical levels comparable to those obtained with the standard form. The SF-MPQ shows promise as a useful tool in situations in which the standard MPQ takes too long to administer, yet qualitative information is desired and the PPI and VAS are inadequate.
Pain 1987 Aug
PMID:The short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire. 367 Aug 70


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