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Query: UMLS:C0030193 (pain)
 261,466 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Plasma vasopressin concentration was measured by radioimmunoassay before, during, and after anesthesia and surgery in ten subjects. During the short period between the onset of anesthesia and the start of operation, small elevations of vasopressin level were noted. Surgery itself was associated with significant elevations of up to 82 pg/ml. Highest levels of vasopressin were noted with major intra-abdominal surgery and lowest levels with limb surgery. The immediate postoperative period was marked by plasma vasopressin levels that were often higher than during surgery itself. Levels gradually fell to their preoperative state after three to four days. The elevated levels of vasopressin can be associated with oliguria and excessive water retention. Among the possible mechanisms for the stimulus to vasopressin secretion are pain, stress, positive pressure respiration and anoxia. This study confirms by radioimmunoassay the changes in plasma vasopressin level with surgery that have been previously described by bioassay.
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PMID:Radioimmunoassayable plasma vasopressin associated with surgery. 64 20

Ro 21-3981 is a newly synthesized water soluble benzodiazepine derivative. Its pharmacological properties are similar to diazepam. This investigation was designed to establish the effective induction dosage of Ro 21-3981 and to compare it with diazepam for induction of anaesthesia. The ED50 for Ro 21-3981 induction is 0.15 mg/kg and ED 100 is 0.2 mg/kg. Ro 21-3981 is one and one-half times as potent as diazepam (0.3 mg/kg) and more rapid in action. There is significantly less pain on injection with Ro 21-3981 as compared to diazepam. Cardiovascular stability and apnoea were observed with both drugs. Ro 21-3981 is a promising anaesthetic induction drug that merits further human study.
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PMID:Comparison of two benzodiazepines for anaesthesia induction: midazolam and diazepam. 65 93

The effects of biofeedback training and voluntary control procedures on heart rate and subjective reactions to 30-sec immersion of the hand in ice water were investigated in five experimental conditions, nine subjects in each condition. All subjects were given an initial cold pressor test and a final test interspersed by the particular condition. In two of the conditions, subjects were given biofeedback training for increasing or for decreasing heart rate. No training was given to the other three groups. In two of the latter conditions, subjects were simply asked to increase or decrease their heart rate during the second cold pressor test, without previous training. The fifth condition was a no-treatment habituation control. Significant variations between groups were obtained of the tachycardia and reports of pain associated with the second cold pressor test. In general, there was a correspondence between heart rate change and subjective report of pain. Voluntary control of heart rate or other autonomically-mediated responses, enhanced by biofeedback training, may have implications for research on and clinical management of physiological and subjective reactions to stressful stimuli.
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PMID:Effects of biofeedback and voluntary control procedures on heart rate and perception of pain during the cold pressor test. 66 51

The hypothesis is presented that whales become stranded inadvertently as a consequence of seeking stimulation. The animals enter shallow water in order to roll over, bask, and rub themselves in the sand, and are trapped by the receding tide. It suggested that stimulation-seeking behavior (and stranding) reflects a general sympathetic nervous system response which may be due to a number of factors such as pain, discomfort, reproductive state, and other biorhythmic changes.
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PMID:Whale strandings: hypothesis. 67 13

Studies conducted in this laboratory have indicated the feasibility of producing long-acting methadone tablets. In examining further, methadone hydrochloride suspensions were developed using spermaceti or eudragit retard-1 for particle coating. These procedures involved the addition of the active compound (methandone hydrochloride) to: a) melted spermaceti which was dried, and the dried mixture was pulverized and added to a methyl cellulose water solution; afterwards wild cherry syrup was added to the suspension, and b) Eudragit retard-1 crystals which were pulverized, dissolved in acetone/isopropanol (1:1) solvent system, dried, and to this product again the suspending agent methyl cellulose was added followed by wild cherry syrup to produce suspensions containing 10, 20, and 30 mg/ml methadone. These formulations were further used for in vivo studies, in male albino rats of Wistar strain. The pain threshold method was utilized in order to determine the duration of methadone. Over 75 h resistance to pain was recorded. Using the same technique, suspensions of methadone-naloxone combinations and the salts methadone-alpha-naphthalenesulfonate and methadone-o-benzoylbenzoate were prepared and examine similarly.
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PMID:Long acting methadone formulations. 67 41

Accumulated experience with triple contrast percutaneous nephrocystography (water-soluble contrast, iophendylate [Pantopaque], and air) in 42 patients with avascular lesions is presented. Diagnostic studies were accomplished in 40 with surgical correlation in 11. Of the 35 patients with intracystic iophendylate, progressive cyst shrinkage was observed in the 29 with adequate x-ray follow up. The reduction in cyst size was attributed to a marked reactive inflammatory proliferative response with fibrosis of the cyst wall which was found in 6 patients after introduction of iophendylate when compared with a control group of 13 others with surgically proved cysts. Intracystic iophendylate may be especially therapeutic in the nonsurgical management of renal cysts associated with pain, calyceal obstruction, and hypertension. The cyst aspirate was analyzed for appearance, culture, cytology, fat content, and multichannel chemistries (SMA). The index accuracy of these combined tests is high although instances of false positives and negatives for tumor are stressed. The nonsurgical diagnosis of renal cystic lesions is incomplete without percutaneous cyst puncture, contrast study, and analysis of cyst aspirate.
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PMID:Triple contrast percutaneous nephrocystography and analysis of cyst aspirate. 70 32

Testing 56 Japanese undergraduates, the relationships between pain threshold and pain tolerance in cold water and personality factors were investigated. Significant negative correlations of moderate magnitude between the pain threshold and scores on Maudsley Neuroticism and the Manifest Anxiety Scale were found. On the contrary, significant positive, moderate correlations between pain tolerance and the Maudsley Extraversion were obtained.
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PMID:Relations of pain threshold and pain tolerance in cold water with scores on Maudsley Personality Inventory and Manifest Anxiety Scale. 74 91

In Thailand there are 3 parasites that commonly cause neurological diseases in man. 1) In gnathostomiasis man becomes an accidental host by eating infected under-cooked fresh water fish. The tissue nematode involved, Gnathostoma spinigerum, because of its high motility, may cause widespread damage in the spinal cord and brain stem. The common presenting neurological symptoms are severe nerve root pain, paralysis of limbs and urinary retention. Less frequently seen are cranial nerve palsies and symptoms of subarachnoid haemorrhage. The disease has significant morbidity and mortality. 2) Eosinophilic meningitis caused by Angiostrongylus cantonensis, the lungworm of rats, has a more benign, self limiting course. It occurs in Thai people of lower socio-economic groups who acquire the parasite by eating infected raw Pila snails. 3) Cysticercus cellulosae, caused by Taenia solium, commonly results in epilepsy, and sometimes increased intracranial pressure from intraventricular obstruction or from basal arachnoiditis. Spinal cord and cauda equina involvement occurs much less frequently. Cysticercus complement fixation tests on the CSF and computerised axial tomography have been found to be of great diagnostic value.
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PMID:Parasitic diseases of the nervous system in Thailand. 75 25

Surgical literature is replete with descriptions of Dupuytren's contracture and the various operations which surgeons have utilized to correct contractures of the palmar fascia. All that is worthy of presentation now are the unknown factors or frontiers of our knowledge. Etiology and control of major complications such as pain, joint stiffness, and recurrence are the frontiers which seem most intriguing to the author. The first step in scientific exploration of these areas is to form a hypothesis which takes into account all of the known factors. In this treatise, the author has stated a hypothesis for each of the frontiers. One hypothesis is that genetic predisposition for selective hyperkinetic collagen metabolism in the palm may be a biological counterpart to the condition found in transversalis fascia in patients with direct inguinal hernia. A hypothesis for pain syndromes is based upon general visceral afferent impulses striking a preconditioned central tract or sensitized central receptor. Joint stiffness has been attributed to the protracted release of polypeptides which change the electrical charge on crystalline protein and result in binding of water which then leads to secondary remodeling of joint structures. Recurrence or persistence of Dupuytren's contracture has been considered to be the result of a persistent inductive phenomenon by cells in the deepest layer of the dermis. Brief arguments supporting these hypotheses as being more tenable now than most others have been presented. For the most part such deductions have been based primarily upon the argument that no other hypothesis presently before us takes into account all of the available data or clinical observations, meager as they may be. Prejudice for surgical biology as a means of enlightenment, intuition, and, at times, empirical reasoning has been admitted in an attempt to stimulate imagination. The rest is left to the reader.
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PMID:Dupuytren's disease: controversial aspects of management. 76 47

Sea urchin spine injury is usually a benign process that rarely comes to the attention of a physician. Aside from the transient episode of excruciating pain which responds dramatically to hot water soaks, there is usually no residual disability. As in any puncture wound, tetanus prophylaxis and observation for latent infection is advised. Complications arise, however, when spines are embedded over bony prominences, within joints, or in contact with nerves. Cases are reported herein of the latter two problems occurring in the hand. A case of a neuropathy associated with sea urchin injuries has not been previously reported in the literature. When such injuries necessitate exploration, aseptic surgical technique is required.
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PMID:Hand injuries from sea urchin spines. 77 39


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