Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0030193 (pain)
 261,466 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Any thrombotic affection can involve the deep veins as well as the superficial veins of the calf. It is considered that venous thrombosis may be a result of low concentrations of the activator of plasminogen levels in the vein wall, which produces a mediocre fibrinolytic response. The concentrations of the activator of plasminogen in these veins are little knows. Immediately after amputation, for pain in the decubitus position, samples of the soleus vein (N = 9) and long saphenous vein (LSV; N = 9) were removed and frozen in liquid nitrogen. In 6 limbs operated for varicose veins, samples of the vein in the calf (VC; N = 6) were removed and frozen. As a control, we examined samples of normal veins removed from the groin of patients undergoing hernia repairs. The quantitative determination of the activator of plasminogen was achieved thanks to a homogenate technique, and the results were expressed in taps by the minute by a tissue microgram. The median activity and the range of results were: LSV 1675 (777-8119); soleus vein 6795 (2232-21 570); CV 2356 (676-4099); inguinal veins 11 221 (6717-13 410). The low concentration of activator of plasminogen in the calf veins may contribute to a mediocre fibrinolytic response in these veins. This is not likely to be the case in the soleus veins. The results may indicate a different thrombotic mechanism in the two types of veins.
 ...
PMID:[Quantitative determination of tissue-type plasminogen activator in varicose soleus veins]. 312 2

To examine the effects of postoperative epidural analgesia with local anaesthetics or morphine on the excess nitrogen loss after upper abdominal surgery and to assess the roles of catabolic hormones in the nitrogen loss, urinary excretion of nitrogen and catecholamines and plasma concentrations of cortisol and glucagon were measured in three groups of patients undergoing elective gastrectomy. Group G patients received the operation under general anaesthesia, and their postoperative pain was relieved by intermittent injections of analgesics. Group PE received prolonged epidural analgesia with local anaesthetics during and after surgery. Group EM received epidural analgesia intra-operatively and epidural morphine postoperatively. Urinary nitrogen excretion during the first three postoperative days was significantly less in the PE and EM groups than in the G group, and the PE group excreted slightly less nitrogen than the EM group. In the G group, urinary excretion of adrenaline increased mainly on the day of operation, and noradrenaline chiefly on postoperative days. These catecholamine responses were almost completely abolished in the PE group, and significantly inhibited in the EM group. Plasma cortisol response was most remarkable shortly after the operation and then decreased in all groups, but was significantly lower in the two epidural groups than in the G group throughout the study. Plasma glucagon increased postoperatively in all groups, and the increase was less pronounced in both epidural groups than in the G group. These results suggested that an elevated sympathetic activity, represented by increased noradrenaline excretion and elicited by painful nociceptive and sympathetic nervous afferents, is responsible for the postoperative nitrogen loss which is mediated by glucagon and cortisol.
 ...
PMID:Effects of epidural administration of local anaesthetics or morphine on postoperative nitrogen loss and catabolic hormones. 359 44

A combination epidural technique using local anesthetics intraoperatively and morphine postoperatively is shown to offer many advantages. These benefits include inhibition of the surgical stress response, decreased cardiorespiratory depression, decreased blood loss, decreased intubation and pulmonary infection, decreased thromboembolism, decreased hyperglycemic and hypertensive response, nitrogen sparing, a stable resting metabolic rate, prevention of immunosuppression, simplification of cerebral status monitoring, and earlier ambulation and hospital discharge. The main disadvantage in patients undergoing vascular procedures is the risk of epidural hematoma. A review of the literature confirms the extreme rarity of this risk and, in view of the emerging benefits, argues for reconsideration of epidural technique in vascular patients. The addition of epidural morphine to this combined technique affords a postoperative pain-free continuum unmatched by any other method. This significantly decreased pain stress in cardiac patients increases safety and comfort. In conclusion, epidural anesthesia and postoperative epidural narcotics provide a safe and reliable method of management for patients undergoing vascular procedures.
 ...
PMID:Continuous epidural anesthesia and postoperative epidural narcotics in vascular surgery. 363 92

Cryotherapy was performed on 7 patients with 35 keloids of different pathogenesis. In 5 out of these patients, prior treatment with creams, radiotherapy, or excision followed by radiotherapy had failed. The keloids were frozen several times by contact with liquid nitrogen (40 to 90 sec). After bullous local reactions and crusted healing, the lesions gradually leveled down. Atrophic scars resulted after 1 to 8 treatments. Old keloids (2 to 8-year-old) showed good therapeutic response. No relapses were registered during the follow-up period of 3 month up to a year. Only one patient discontinued therapy, and a 10-year-old boy could not stand the initial pain of freezing. On account of our encouraging results and the low complication rate, we recommend cryotherapy in the treatment of old keloids.
 ...
PMID:[Treatment of keloids by cryotherapy]. 368 58

Human decompression sickness is presumed to result from excess inert gas in the body when ambient pressure is reduced. Although the most common symptom is pain in the skeletal joints, no direct study of nitrogen exchange in this region has been undertaken. For this study, nitrogen tagged with radioactive 13N was prepared in a linear accelerator. Nine human subjects rebreathed this gas from a closed circuit for 30 min, then completed a 40- to 100-min washout period breathing room air. The isotope 13N was monitored continuously in the subject's knee during the entire period using positron detectors. After correction for isotope decay (half-life = 9.96 min), the concentration in most knees continued to rise for at least 30 min into the washout period. Various causes of this unexpected result are discussed, the most likely of which is an extensive redistribution of gas within avascular knee tissues.
 ...
PMID:Nitrogen gas exchange in the human knee. 378 67

The accumulated experimental data indicate to the existence of two types of enterocyte respiration: apical and basolateral. Their interrelationships change with regard to small intestine function. Duodenal ulcer was chosen as a clinical model for a study of the therapeutic role of enteral oxygenation. Faster penetration of oxygenated mineral water into the duodenum was shown as compared to oxygen foam. Oxygenated mineral water therapy (as compared to water saturated with carbon dioxide and nitrogen) speeds up the rate of wound healing, shortens the time of arresting the pain syndrome and makes it possible to discharge patients earlier for outpatient treatment.
 ...
PMID:[Physiological substantiation and experience with the therapeutic use of oxygenated mineral water]. 393 6

A gas-liquid chromatographic method for the simultaneous measurement of bupivacaine, etidocaine, lidocaine, meperidine, mepivacaine, and methadone in serum is described. The drugs and the internal standard, prilocaine, are extracted from 1 ml of serum. The procedure involves a two-step extraction and injection of the extract into a gas chromatograph equipped with a 10-ft OV-11 glass column and a nitrogen-phosphorus detector. The temperature gradient program results in a run time of 16 min and retention times for meperidine, prilocaine (internal standard), lidocaine, etidocaine, mepivacaine, methadone, and bupivacaine of 3.8, 5.4, 6.0, 8.7, 11.0, 11.7, and 14.8 min, respectively. Standard curves for all drugs were linear over the 80 to 2,000-ng/ml range and recovery of all components averaged 97 +/- 2% with the lowest detection limit of 10 ng/ml for all drugs except meperidine and methadone, which were 20 ng/ml. The within-day coefficients of variation ranged from 12 to 8% at 500 ng/ml. The day-to-day coefficients of variation of the slope and intercept values ranged from 2 to 0% and 130 to 3%, respectively. Response factors of the nitrogen-specific collector varied with the drug analyzed and resulted in peak area variation at constant offset and attenuation of 30%. This method is intended and adequate for therapeutic monitoring of chronically treated pain patients who are being given various combinations of local anesthetic and/or narcotic agents.
 ...
PMID:Simultaneous measurement of bupivacaine, etidocaine, lidocaine, meperidine, mepivacaine, and methadone. 396 98

Twenty patients undergoing major abdominal surgery were allocated randomly to receive either general anaesthesia with low-dose fentanyl plus intermittent systemic morphine for postoperative pain or the same general anaesthetic plus extradural analgesia during and following surgery (local anaesthetics from before skin incision until 24 h after skin incision plus extradural morphine 4 mg every 12 h from 3 h to 72 h after skin incision). Postoperative pain scores were lower (P less than 0.05) in the group receiving extradural analgesia, but this regimen failed to prevent the increase in the urinary excretion of cortisol, adrenaline, noradrenaline and nitrogen both on separate days and on cumulative measurements over 4 days. Pain scores did not correlate to urinary excretion of the various endocrine-metabolic indices either on separate days or over the cumulative 4-day period. It is concluded that the relief of pain per se has no major influence on the catabolic response to abdominal surgery.
 ...
PMID:Effects of the extradural administration of local anaesthetic agents and morphine on the urinary excretion of cortisol, catecholamines and nitrogen following abdominal surgery. 398 68

Seventy-seven subjects were decompressed from air or nitrogen-oxygen (nitrox) saturation exposures at 18.3 to 40.2 meters sea water (msw) [60 to 132 feet sea water (fsw)] using four different decompression schedules. A h schedule for decompression from an air saturation-excursion profile at 18.3 msw (60 fsw) resulted in pain-only decompression sickness (DCS) symptoms in 2 of 23 subjects. A 32 and 35 h schedule from a different air saturation profile at 19.8 and 22.9 msw (65 and 75 fsw), respectively, resulted in DCS symptoms in 1 of 24 subjects. A third and fourth schedule for air or nitrox saturation at 40.2 msw (132 fsw) resulted in DCS symptoms in 3 of 12 and 1 of 18, respectively. No serious (type II) symptoms were observed as a result of any of the decompressions. All DCS cases consisted of knee pain occurring either in the last 3 msw of the decompression or shortly after surfacing. Doppler ultrasound monitoring revealed venous gas emboli (VGE) in several subjects, but generally only shallow to 6.1 msw (20 fsw). Results demonstrate an overall DCS incidence of 9%, and all cases were pain-only and localized to the knee. The third schedule (U.S. Navy heliox saturation decompression schedule) seems to produce a higher incidence of DCS than the other schedules when used in air or nitrox exposures. Differentiation between the schedules designed for nitrox was impossible due to the limited number of subjects in each and the variable nature of the exposures.
 ...
PMID:Air and nitrox saturation decompression: a report of 4 schedules and 77 subjects. 403 17

Bone spavin, splint, and fractured splint bone injuries have been treated with varying methodologies at Wheatley Hall Farm Equine Clinic. Cryosurgery is the most successful. With cryosurgery the small, pain-producing afferent C fibers are destroyed, and painful neuromas do not return. Injured sites were cryosurgically treated with liquid nitrogen for a double freeze-thaw period of 45 sec. 5 sec, 45 sec. Before and after treatment comparisons were conducted on study standardbreds. In all three injury groups, results showed that the standardbreds tended to race as well or with improved times and classes after treatment. With cryosurgery, the horse undergoes a relatively short layoff period and does not experience any of the problems associated with other surgical procedures. Unlike denerving, a horse is still aware of outside stimulus to the treated area. Based upon personal observation and this preliminary investigation, cryosurgery provides a successful treatment alternative which is safe and humane to the horse, requiring a very short layoff or recovery time.
 ...
PMID:An investigation on the use of cryosurgery for treatment of bone spavin, splint, and fractured splint bone injuries in standardbred horses. 405 70


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>