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Query: UMLS:C0030193 (pain)
 261,466 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Toxic epidermal necrolysis is the name given to a group of dermatologic disorders characterized by a separation of epidermis and dermis with a subsequent skin slough. The denuded areas have the appearance of a second-degree burn. The complications of infection, negative nitrogen balance, severe pain, and emotional instability are identical to those seen in the patient with major burns. There are difficulties in patient management and advantages in burn unit care. As with the major burn, care of the patient with skin loss from toxic epidermal necrolysis is extremely complex, requiring the expertise of a burn team along with that of the dermatologist.
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PMID:Burn unit management of toxic epidermal necrolysis. 7 62

The efficacy of an association of cyclophosphamide (CPM) and 5-fluorouracil was studied in 15 patients with prostate cancer not responding to oestrogen therapy, and more particularly its effect on pain due to bone metastases. No objective improvement was noted with this association, but there was a definitite reduction in bone metastases pain in 5 of the patients, with an average remission time of 4 months. Half of the patients had nausea and vomiting, but in spite of this digestive intolerance those patients who obtained pain relief for 4 months considered the treatment to be of positive value. This therapy is recommended only fater the failure of castration, anti-androgens, and oestrogens, together with nitrogen mustard (Estracyt) and corticotherapy.
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PMID:[Palliative chemotherapy with 5 FU and CPM in cancer of the prostate with bone metastases resistant to oestrogens. A clinical trial (author's transl)]. 9 8

In a study of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory and analgesic agents, a series of 1,3-dihydro-3-(substituted phenyl)imidazo[4,5-b]pyridin-2-ones-and 3-(substituted phenyl)triazolo[4,5-b]pyridines was prepared. Many of the imidazolones were alkylated on the free nitrogen. In a modified Randall-Selitto analgesic assay, the pain thresholds of both the inflamed and normal foot were elevated. This is not commonly observed with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents. The most active compounds were 1,3-dihydro-3[3,4-(methylenedioxy)phenyl]imidazo[4,5-b]pyridin-2-one (I-15) and its N-allyl (I-21) and N-isopropyl (I-121) derivatives. In the triazole series the 3-(2-fluoro- and 2,4-difluorophenyl)triazolo[4,5-b]pyridines (T-1 and T-8) were the best. The imidazole compounds were somewhat superior in analgesic activity to codeine and d-propoxyphene without showing any narcotic characteristics. Some of the compounds also possessed activity against carrageenan-induced foot edema in the rat, so these compounds represent a new class of nonnarcotic analgesic antiinflammatories, capable of producing a greater degree of analgesia than that obtainable with other nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents.
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PMID:Synthesis and analgesic activity of 1,3-dihydro-3-(substituted phenyl)imidazo[4,5-b]pyridin-2-ones and 3-(substituted phenyl)-1,2,3-triazolo[4,5-b]pyridines. 30 50

In a double-blind trial 40 patients with ostheoarthritis were treated for relief of pain with ketoprofen or with the N-methyl-d-glucamine salt of indomethacin, both drugs being administered i.m. at the dosage of 100 mg/day for 12 days. Ketroprofen and the indomethacin salt significantly improved pain, functional capacity and walking distance, while only the former reduced the knee size in the patients with gonarthritis. The two drugs showed roughly the same latency period and the same duration of activity. Ketoprofen was perfectly tolerated: on the contrary, in one patient treated with the indomethacin salt, the treatment was stopped because of vascular hypotension and cutaneous rash. A significant increase of blood urea nitrogen was observed only in the group of patients treated with the indomethacin salt.
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PMID:Parenteral administration of ketoprofen in osteoarthritis: a double-blind trial versus the N-methyl-d-glucamine salt of indomethacin. 37 70

In three cases in which chemonucleolysis with chymopapain was used for the treatment of back and sciatic pain, gas from the vacuum phenomenon of a degenerated lumbar intervertebral disc was recovered. In one of these, the gas analyzed by gas chromatography contained 90%--92% nitrogen.
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PMID:Analysis of gas in vacuum lumbar disc. 41 44

We used 20 kangaroo rats to investigate the effect of exposure to low oxygen levels (0.11 Atm 02 inspired partial pressure) prior to decompression from a steady-state condition. This hypoxia was found to afford significant protection against limb bends as simulated in those animals by tail biting. Yet, it potentiated neurologic symptoms compared with a control exposure on air with the same level of nitrogen supersaturation. However the incidence of simulated limb bends in the same animals was the same with hypoxia as with another control exposure at a pressure estimated to give extravascular bubbles of the same size upon decompression. The results are, therefore, consistent with a simple mechanical basis for limb bends, but are difficult to explain by any ischemic mechanism since a general hypoxia exacerbates any pain produced by oxygen deficiency in the tissues. However, the reverse may be true for some forms of neurologic decompression sickness and the two such cases reported here are consistent with that view, although not statistically significant.
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PMID:Mechanical vs. ischemic mechanisms for decompression sickness. 46 57

In the COR of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences cryotherapy was employed in 54 patients with pretumor lesions of the uterine cervix. The cryotherapy was performed by a "Spembly" machine (England) and a national apparatus. As a cryoagent nitrogen monoxide was used, which provided the cooling of a cryosonde up to -89 degrees C. This method offers such advantages as the absence of pain, bleeding and complications. An analysis of the immediate results of the treatment allows cryoexposure to be considered an effective method and to employ it under out-patient conditions.
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PMID:[Cryotherapy of precancerous diseases of the cervix uteri]. 48 86

The purpose of our investigations was to evaluate the influence of disturbed inspiratory gas distribution on postoperative hypoxemia in patients with abnormal lung function undergoing upper abdominal surgery. The lung function analyzer Hewlett-Packard 47402 A was used (Volume-time and flow-volume curves of forced expiration, single and multiple breath nitrogen washout tests with indices of ventilatory gas distribution). It was demonstrated that postoperative hypoxaemia in the undamaged lung is almost exclusively the result of augmented true right to left shunt. In patients with abnormal lung function the cause of postoperative hypoxaemia is, for the most part, an increase of disturbances of ventilatory gas distribution. These changes in the postoperative period can be explained by a reduction of FRC, that follows from changing of position (sitting-lying) and from pain. In patients with borderline lung function this reduction of FRC postoperatively may limit surgical treatment. The management of pain is of great importance in these patients. Continuous epidural anaesthesia certainly produces the best results in this respect.
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PMID:[The role of ventilatory disturbances in the late postoperative hypoxaemia after upper abdominal surgery. A contribution to the risk of upper abdominal surgery in patients with respiratory damage (author's transl)]. 65 63

Thirty-four dogs were euthanatized in a chamber flushed with pure nitrogen. Electroencephalograms and arterial blood pressure, recorded during euthanasia, showed the dogs to be unconscious in an average time of 40 s and to be dead in 204 s. The dogs displayed no detectable signs of pain before unconsciousness occurred. Hypoxia produced by nitrogen inhalation was found to be effective, humane, safe, and economically feasible as a method of euthanasia.
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PMID:Nitrogen inhalation as a method of euthanasia in dogs. 66 97

Using three different instruments, cryolesions were made in the skin of experimental animals (pigs) and the extent of necrosis was determined after one week. The most efficient device was a probe using liquid nitrogen; the amount of tissue killed varied directly with contact time. With all the instruments, a freeze of three minutes consistently led to full-thickness necrosis of the skin. The freeze-thaw-refreeze technique did not produce as much necrosis as a single continuous freeze of the same duration. Cryosurgery was used on 65 benign skin tumors in patients. Pain was minimal and the cosmetic results were excellent. The only difficulty with the method was that it occasionally failed to kill the lesion. For that reason, at present cryosurgery is recommended only for benign lesions. If one suspects that a tumor might be cancerous, it should be biopsied before freezing. If it proves to be malignant, further treatment (excisional or x-ray) should be considered strongly.
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PMID:Cryosurgery of the skin: an experimental and clinical study. 72 67


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