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Query: UMLS:C0030193 (pain)
 261,466 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Eighteen patients with irritable colon syndrome were treated with a new anticholinergic drug (prifinium bromide) and with a placebo in a 6-wk, randomized, double-blind cross-over study. The drug was orally administered in a daily dose of 90 mg before meals. Three manifestations (pain, flatulence, constipation, and/or diarrhea), scored weekly, were used as assessment criteria. Mean over-all ratings showed a difference in favor of the drug, and were statistically significant. Side effects were rare and mild. We have come to the conclusion that this anticholinergic drug may be of benefit to patients with pain-predominant forms of irritable colon syndrome.
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PMID:Prifinium bromide in the treatment of the irritable colon syndrome. 3 42

Anisotropine methyl bromide, an anticholinergic, 80 mg given orally at 8 P.M., suppresses gastric acid secretion through the night without significant side effects. Thirty patients with endoscopy-proved symptomatic duodenal ulcer disease completed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of nighttime anisotropine methyl bromide therapy. Eleven (69 per cent) of 16 anisotropine methyl bromide-treated and six (43 per cent) of 14 placebo-treated subjects healed their ulcers within two weeks of starting treatment. The anisotropine methyl bromide-treated subjects averaged 0.63 +/- 0.27 (mean +/- S.E.) episodes of nocturnal pain during the treatment period versus 2.71 +/- 1.08 episodes in the placebo group (P = 0.06). This is the first reported study of this type designed to evaluate the efficacy of an anticholinergic agent in the healing of duodenal ulcers. Although not conclusive, the results suggest nighttime anisotropine methyl bromide therapy may be useful in the treatment of duodenal ulcer disease. Further studies seem warranted.
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PMID:Effect of nighttime anisotropine methyl bromide of duodenal ulcer healing and pain: a double-blind controlled trial. 35 90

Twenty-nine patients with endoscopically proven duodenal ulcers were treated with either placebo or benzilonium bromide (Ulcoban prolongatum) for 4 weeks. Antacid consumption was low in both groups. Healing after 4 weeks was verified endoscopically and was about equal for both treatments. Frequency of pain and other "dyspeptic" symptoms appeared to be less in patients treated with benzilonium. Lack of symptoms was not always associated with healing of the ulcers.
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PMID:Healing of duodenal ulcer during treatment with an anticholinergic and an antacid. 39 50

A 20-year-old man suffered head, chest, and abdominal trauma in an auto accident resulting in a traumatic dissecting aneurysm of the thoracic aorta. Hypotension developed. The aneurysm was resected and replaced with a prosthetic graft. Postoperatively, the patient was found to be paraplegic below T-9, areflexic and anesthetic to pain and temperature, with preservation of vibration and position senses. In the ensuing nine months, the patient regained considerable sensory function in his lower extremities and had severe constant hyperhydrosis below the T-9 dermatome. The exaggerated sweating was unaffected by temperature change and anxiety. It was diminished by methantheline bromide treatment but never abolished. The spinal cord lesion is postulated to be anterior horn cell loss, with preservation of interneurons and intermediolateral gray columns. Disinhibition of sympthetic circuits or sprouting of axons are proposed mechanisms.
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PMID:Hyperhydrosis in paraplegia. 88 95

Pharmacological properties and acute toxicity of 2-tolyl 1-phenyl-3-(2-methylpiperidino) propyl ether methyl bromide (R111) and 2-chlorophenyl 1-phenyl-3-(2-methylpiperidino) propyl ether methyl iodide (R97) were examined. The results obtained were as follows: (1) In the analgesic effects, RIII and R97 inhibited markedly the acetic acid-induced writhing in mice, but in reducing pain induced by heat, R111 and R97 showed negative results. The local anesthetic effect of R111 was approximately equal to that of procaine. R111 and R97 showed no effects on spontaneous locomotion, the convulsion induced by strychnine or pentetrazol, and normal body temperature. (2) R111 and R97 antagonized acetylcholine, barium chloride, nicotine and serotonine-induced spasm, but not that of histamine and bradykinin. In particular they possessed marked anti-barium chloride activity, where their effects were 20 to 30 times more active than that of papaverine. (3) R111 and R97 indicated weak mydriatic activity. (4) R111 and R97 showed inhibitory effects on the pilocarpine-induced sialic secretion and the propulsive movements of the small intestine, but their inhibitory effects on the gastric secretion were relatively weak. (5) R111 and R97 displayed protective effects in Shay's ulcer, but had no curative effects on acetic acid ulcer. (6) R111 and R97 induced temporary reduction of arterial blood pressure and blood flow immediately after the administration of the test compounds in anesthetized rabbits. However, these agents induced no change in ECG, heart rate and respiration. (7) Intraperitoneally administered R111 and R97 were effective in inhibiting the carrageenin-induced edema in the hind paw of rats. From the above results, it may be considered that R111 and R97 have together strong cholinergic blocking and muscotropic antispasmodic effects, moreover, no significant effects on the central nervous system.
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PMID:[Pharmacological studies on basic ethers (R111 and R97) with antispasmodic activity]. 98 72

In a field trial a new influenza subunit vaccine was tested in parallel with a vaccine prepared from the whole virus. The subunit vaccine essentially contained only the proteins of the viral envelope, haemagglutinin and neuraminidase, which had been selectively solubilized by treatment with cetyl trimethylammonium bromide. Both vaccines contained 700 IU of strain A/Port Chalmers/73 in 0.5 ml. They were given to volunteers by the subcutaneous route with and without the addition of Al (OH)3 as adjuvant. Blood samples were taken on days 0, 28 and 90. Development of antibodies was assayed in the haemagglutination-inhibition (HI) and neuraminidase-inhibition (NI) test. All vaccines exhibited a very good immunogenic effect as judged from the number of volunteers with at least a four-fold rise in antibodies in the HI-test and those reaching titres that are considered to be sufficiently high for protection against disease. The best results were obtained with the aqueous subunit vaccine. All four vaccines also stimulated the formation of neuraminidase-inhibiting antibodies. The vaccines were well tolerated by the volunteers. The incidence of minor local reactions such as redness, swelling and pain varied according to the vaccine used, as shown on statistical evaluation. The aqueous subunit vaccine clearly proved to be superior in this respect.
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PMID:[Field trial with a new type of influenza subunit vaccine (author's transl)]. 99 32

In 70 patients (maxillo-facial-, neurosurgical-, abdominal- and gynaecological operations) the technique of "analgetic anaesthesia" using high doses of fentanyl (0.025 mg/kg body weight) and naloxone as its antagonist (0.02 mg/kg body weight) has been employed. All patients were artificially ventilated with N2O/O2 in a 3:1 ratio. Muscle relaxation was achieved with pancuronium-bromide (0.08 mg/kg). The patients had no apparent heart or lung disease. The youngest patient was 4 years of age, the oldest 82 years of age (average age 48.9). The necessity for a reinjection of fentanyl (half the initial dose) was determined by continously monitoring heart rate. This variable appeared to be the most subtle index indicating a reduction in analgesia. Sufficient analgesia was maintained once the heart rate stayed 20% below preanaesthetic levels. At the end of the operation naloxone reversed the respiratory depression. There was no evidence indicating postoperative pain, which may have required administration of additional analgesics. If deep analgesia was maintained up to the last surgical procedures no emesis appeared in the post operative period. The incidence of emesis was higher 10% compared to the classical neuroleptanalgesia with droperidol this was often noted in cases where blood accumulated in the stomach (maxillo-facial operations) (70%). In 3% of all cases psychomotor agitation with delirium appeared right after the injection of naloxone. This lasted for about 15 minutes. We suspect that due to the sudden and powerful effect of naxolone, in replacing fentanyl from its receptor site, acute withdrawal symptoms may be precipitated.
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PMID:[High doses of fentanyl as the sole anaesthetic agent and naloxone as its antagonist (author's transl)]. 113 60

Nasal instillation of bradykinin elicits many of the characteristic features of rhinitis. To assess the relevance of histamine release from metachromatic cells and the activation of cholinergic pathways, we investigated the effects of terfenadine, a histamine H1-receptor antagonist, and ipratroprium bromide, a selective antimuscarinic agent, on bradykinin induced rhinorrhoea, nasal airways resistance (NAR), nasal pain and plasma protein leakage. Oral terfenadine (120 mg) or matched placebo and nasal ipratropium bromide (80 micrograms) or matched placebo were administered at 4 hr and 30 min respectively prior to bradykinin nasal challenge in two randomized, double-blind and cross-over studies on eight non-rhinitic subjects. Thus subjects received either double-placebo, oral terfenadine and nasal placebo, oral placebo and nasal ipratopium bromide or oral terfenadine and nasal ipratropium bromide, as pretreatment. Bradykinin challenge induced mean maximal increases of 57%, 59%, 77% and 72% in NAR on the placebo, terfenadine, ipratropium bromide and terfenadine plus ipratropium bromide pretreatment days respectively. These increments were not significantly different. Similarly rhinorrhoea and nasal pain induced by bradykinin nasal challenge were not significantly different on the four challenge days. Bradykinin nasal challenge caused a mean maximal increase in albumin levels in recovered nasal lavages of 11.5, 13.0, 12.2 and 12.3 times of baseline levels on the placebo, terfenadine, ipratropium bromide and terfenadine plus ipratroprium bromide pretreatment days respectively. Similarly total protein levels achieved a mean maximal increase of 8.0, 8.2, 7.9 and 8.8 times of baseline levels on these challenge days. The increments in both albumin and total protein did not significantly differ on the 4 challenge days.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:The influence of terfenadine and ipratropium bromide alone and in combination on bradykinin-induced nasal symptoms and plasma protein leakage. 138 41

Octylonium bromide (OB) is a drug with spasmolytic properties acting selectively on the smooth muscle of the gastrointestinal tract by interfering with calcium mobilization from extra- and intra-cellular deposits. The etiopathogenetic implications of a psychosomatic nature of the irritable bowel syndrome amply justify the use of a spasmolytic (OB) with a benzodiazepine. In our study, we compared the combination OB + DZ (20 mg + 2 mg) T.I.D. versus OB alone (20 mg) in 30 patients suffering from irritable bowel syndrome. The double-blind study lasting 3 weeks was aimed at evaluating gastrointestinal symptoms (bowel motions, aspect of faeces, abdominal pain, pre-evacuation pain, bloating) during the three days preceding the study and during the last five days of treatment, as well as the anxiogenic situation as assessed by the STAI scale (State Tract Anxiety Inventory) before and at the end of the treatment period. The results obtained showed that both treatments considerably reduced gastrointestinal symptoms even though OB alone did not appear to be equally effective and the anxiety component was significantly reduced only by treatment with the combination. The absence of side effects and the perfect tolerability of both treatments showed the OB + D combination T.I.D. to be the treatment of choice for patients suffering from irritable bowel syndrome.
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PMID:[Otilonium bromide-diazepam in the treatment of the irritable colon. A controlled study versus otilonium bromide]. 139 55

We investigated the effect of octylonium bromide on a number of symptoms and functional aspects of the irritable bowel syndrome. Seventy-two patients complaining mainly of abdominal pain were studied in a double-blind trial (octylonium bromide 40 mg tid for 4 weeks or placebo). Clinical parameters were: abdominal pain, bloating and bowel frequency. Sigmoid manometry with simultaneous recording of the thresholds for distension and/or pain upon graded inflation of an endoluminal balloon was performed before and at the end of treatment. In contrast to placebo, octylonium bromide significantly reduced pain and bloating, and significantly increased (p < 0.02) the pain threshold throughout the treatment period. However, comparison with the placebo group failed to show any relevant differences. Neither treatment influenced the frequency of bowel movement. Sigmoid motility during distension was significantly reduced after octylonium bromide (p < 0.05), but it did not change after placebo. In conclusion, octylonium bromide is capable of reducing symptoms and motor reactivity of the sigmoid in patients with irritable bowel syndrome.
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PMID:Octylonium bromide in the treatment of the irritable bowel syndrome: a clinical-functional study. 145 16


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