Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0030193 (pain)
 261,466 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Pain palliation with bone-seeking radiopharmaceuticals is an effective and cost-effective management tool in patients with advanced cancer metastatic to bone. Strontium-89 ((89)Sr) (Metastron) and samarium-153 ((153)Sm) EDTMP (Lexidronam) are licensed for use in patients in the United States. Patients with a positive bone scan using technetium 99m methylene diphosphonate ((99m)Tc MDP) are eligible for treatment, and indications and contraindications for use are now well defined. The evidence in the literature now suggests that the radiopharmaceuticals can significantly reduce pain and analgesic requirements, can improve quality of life, can reduce lifetime radiotherapy requirements and management costs, and may slow the progression of painful metastatic lesions. Retreatment is safe and effective. Rhenium-186 ((186)Re) HEDP and Tin-117m diethylenetriaminepenta-acetic acid (DTPA) are in phase II/III trials to evaluate efficacy and compare efficacy with the licensed agents. Phosphorus-32 ((32)P) has been reassessed in two trials evaluating efficacy in comparison with (89)Sr and safety. Toxicity is reversible myelosuppression, which may be significant, and the treatments should not be given to patients with suspected disseminated intravascular coagulation.
 ...
PMID:Use of radionuclides for the palliation of bone metastases. 1072 99

The effects of a sudden addition of a large quantity of readily fermentable carbohydrate to the feed ration of pregnant heifers are described. Clinical and pathological changes caused by the resulting disease were confined to the digits and skin. The 4 acutely affected heifers were reluctant to get up or move (group II). They tended to lie down or stand with feet bunched together and the back arched, often shifting weight from limb to limb. They walked stiffly with great tenderness and pain in the digits. Extreme pain was noticed when the digits were examined. In 4 of 8 heifers, separation of the sole at the heel, with leakage of exudate, and under-running of the sole were observed. Necrotic dermatitis of the legs, alopecia and hyperkeratosis of the tail were noticed in all 8 heifers. Skin lesions appeared simultaneously. Four of the heifers (group I) recovered, and the other 4 (group II) were sent to slaughter. No post mortem examination was performed. The biochemical findings revealed a significantly higher concentration of total serum globulins and sodium, and increased activity, in CK, LDH and AST. A significantly decreasing pattern was noted in blood urea concentration, cholesterol, triglycerides, albumin and calcium. No significant differences among the various groups were found in the activities of amylase, GGT, and concentration of creatinine, total bilirubin, inorganic phosphorus, magnesium and potassium.
 ...
PMID:Laminitis and dermatitis in heifers associated with excessive carbohydrate intake: skin lesions and biochemical findings. 1085 43

The aim of the study was to evaluate the occurrence of clinical and biochemical symptoms of osteoporosis in 15 children aged from 10 to 18 years. In this group were 7 children with idiopathic juvenile osteoporosis, 2--with osteogenesis imperfecta and 6 children with secondary osteoporosis. The diagnosis of osteoporosis was based on the result of densitometric examination. The examination was performed with dual-energy X-ray absor-ptiometry (DEXA), with modality by Lunar. Anamnesis and clinical symptoms supported by X-ray examination of the painful region were used as a standard procedure. Biochemical examinations of calcium-phosphorus metabolism included ions and PTH concentrations in blood serum, and the activity of bone isoenzyme of AP. Besides, ions excretion and total hydroxyproline in 24 hrs collection of urine were assessed. The results of our investigations showed that in children with osteoporosis clinical and biochemical abnormalities were various. Pain in the lower limbs and weakening of muscle strength were the most frequently observed clinical symptoms. Among biochemical indices, urine excretion of hydroxyproline and increased concentration of isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase were of the greatest practical significance.
 ...
PMID:[Clinical observation of osteoporosis in adolescents]. 1090 48

The treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism (HPT) in patients with chronic renal disease has improved markedly in recent years. The skeletal pain, disabling fractures, tendon ruptures, and myriad other symptoms associated with HPT can now be avoided, and the quality of life of patients with end-stage renal disease is improved. Control of hyperphosphatemia, maintenance of normocalcemia, and appropriate dosing of vitamin D analogues can prevent HPT in many cases. Palatable, nutritious diets should be followed; serum calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, and parathyroid hormone should be monitored; and treatment regimens should be adjusted accordingly. If prevention fails, and even if severe HPT develops, many of these patients can still be controlled medically with correction of hyperphosphatemia and high doses of intravenous calcitriol. In our experience, only a few patients require surgical parathyroidectomy (usually noncompliant patients or patients whose HPT has been poorly managed from early uremia). The essence to medical management is to correct the two most important pathogenetic factors of HPT, hyperphosphatemia, and calcitriol deficiency. We present the current approach to the management of HPT, with highlights of recent advances.
 ...
PMID:Current medical management of secondary hyperparathyroidism. 1098 84

Bone pain from osteoblastic metastases can be ameliorated 40% to 80% of the time. Although we can predict nonresponders, we cannot predict responders; however, patients with a better performance scale may have a better chance of pain relief. Radiopharmaceuticals containing phosphorus 32, strontium 89, samarium 153, rhenium 186, and tin 117m are effective, but we do not know which is the most efficacious and the safest. Toxicity includes the flare phenomenon and mild to moderate pancytopenia, but disseminated intravascular coagulation can cause severe, life-threatening thrombocytopenia. This treatment may be repeated at about 9- to 12-week intervals, perhaps earlier with (153)Sm lexidronam, (186)Re etidronate, and (117m)Sn pentetate, with a success rate approaching that of the initial injection. The duration of action of pain reduction ranges from 2 weeks to many months. Tumorical effects are probably not the only mechanism of pain relief.
 ...
PMID:Systemic radiopharmaceutical therapy of painful osteoblastic metastases. 1103 34

We report a case of HTLV-1 associated myelopathy (HAM) with pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism (PPHP). A 57-year-old woman, without a history of blood transfusion, was admitted with numbness and pain in her legs. Pain sensation in both legs was reduced and tendon reflexes were exaggerated. She exhibited spastic gait. The diagnosis of HAM was made because of positive antibody for HTLV-1 in blood and CSF. She also had features of Albright syndrome (short stature, round face, and short fourth metatarsals) without abnormal calcium and phosphorus metabolism, leading to the diagnosis of PPHP. Brain CT revealed bilateral calcification of the basal ganglia. Although HAM rarely accompanies pseudohypoparathyroidism (PHP), there are few reported cases of HAM associated with PPHP. The exact mechanism of HAM is not known, but it is thought to involve an immune-related process. Since PHP is considered to induce a state of mild immunosuppression through reduction of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, it is possible that susceptibility to HAM could be augmented in the presence of PHP. If PPHP should be an incomplete form of PHP, a similar mechanism may be involved in the association of PPHP and HAM.
 ...
PMID:[A case of HTLV-1 associated myelopathy (HAM) with pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism]. 1108 3

Although bone pain from osteoblastic metastases can be ameliorated 50% to 80% of the time by use of intravenously or orally administered radiopharmaceuticals, we cannot accurately predict who will or will not respond. The radiopharmaceuticals containing phosphorus-32, strontium-89 (Metastron), rhenium-186, samarium-153 lexidronam (Quadramet), and tin-117m are effective, but we do not know which of these is the most efficacious or the safest. Toxicity includes mild-to-moderate pancytopenia and an occasional brief flare of pain, and treatment of patients with disseminated intravascular coagulation must be avoided because it may predispose the patient to severe thrombocytopenia. Treatment may be repeated at approximately 8- to 12-week intervals, depending on the time of return to normal leukocytes and platelet counts. Tumoricidal effects are probably not the sole mechanism of pain relief.
 ...
PMID:Painful osteoblastic metastases: the role of nuclear medicine. 1125 31

The aim of this study is to evaluate the occurrence of idiopathic juvenile osteoporosis by clinical, radiographic and biochemical methods in 7 patients aged 10 years to 18 years. The prevailing clinical symptoms included pain in the lower limbs and spine, gait disturbances and weak muscles; confirmed fractures were seen in four out of seven patients. In all patients, bone mineral density was determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and calcium-phosphorus metabolism assays were performed. Clinical evaluation of our patients revealed a wide variety of classic clinical symptoms, and also radiographic and biochemical features. In this complex evaluation, we can distinguish two types of disease occurrence, mild and acute.
 ...
PMID:Clinical evaluation of patients with idiopathic juvenile osteoporosis. 1149 72

A five-year-old West Highland white terrier dog was admitted to the teaching hospital of Nippon Veterinary and Animal Science University due to swelling and pain of the foot pads. Examinations revealed that the dog had renal failure and calcinosis circumscripta on its foot pads. The diagnosis was metastatic calcinosis circumscripta secondary to renal failure. An oral charcoal adsorbent (Kremezin) was used to treat this condition. Following this treatment, a significant decrease in the Ca x P value (the serum calcium level x the serum phosphorus level) was observed, and the dog's condition improved dramatically. This case suggests that charcoal adsorbent (Kremezin) may be useful for treating metastatic calcinosis circumscripta in dogs.
 ...
PMID:Metastatic calcinosis circumscripta treated with an oral charcoal absorbent in a dog. 1155 49

Chemical synovectomy has been used for the last three decades as an alternative for surgical synovectomy in the treatment of chronic haemophilic synovitis. Comparable results have been obtained with the many different radionuclides used: decreased bleeding, decreased pain and stable range of motion, in more than 50% of treated patients. Yttrium 90Y and Phosphorus 32P seem to be the isotopes of choice. Osmic acid and rifampicine have been used in a relatively small number of subjects. Global result of treatment with these two pro-ducts seems to be less favourable than with radionuclides. Late effects of chemical synovectomy are not known.
 ...
PMID:Chemical synovectomy in haemophilia: status and challenges. 1156 39


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>