Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0030193 (pain)
 261,466 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Duodenal ulcer healing was followed by endoscopy in 186 ethoxzolamide-treated patients. Ethoxzolamide was given in doses of 5-10 mg/kg body weight/day in association with Na and K salts to avoid electrolytic losses. A control group of 161 duodenal ulcer patients received the usual doses of antacids and anticholinergics. The clinical course of pain, inhibition of gastric acid secretion and endoscopic healing of ulcers after 15 and 21 days of treatment were followed, together with the incidence of relapses over a 2-year period. Pain disappeared after 4-6 days of treatment in 91% of the ethoxzolamide-treated group and in 13% of the controls. After 10 days of treatment, ethoxzolamide reduced basal HCl output by 98%, in the control no significant secretory changes were recorded. Endoscopy showed healing in 92% of the cases after 15 days of treatment with ethoxzolamide and in 98% after 21 days; in controls, the corresponding figures were 36% and 46% respectively. Relapse rate after 6 months was 5% in the ethoxzolamide-treated patients and 38% in controls; after one year, relapses were endoscopically confirmed in 7% of the cases in the first group and in 51% respectively in controls; the same rate was 11% and 79% respectively after 2 years. Ethoxzolamide is superior to antacids and anticholinergics in healing duodenal ulcers.
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PMID:Treatment of duodenal ulcers with ethoxzolamide, an inhibitor of gastric mucosa carbonic anhydrase. 395 99

A total of 57 patients were selected for ketamine anesthesia during laparoscopy. Of these 45 underwent bilateral partial salpingectomy for sterilization, 7 had diagnostic laparoscopy, and 5 a combination of dilation and curettage and sterilization. All were given meperidine HCl, 50 mg, and atropine sulfate, .4 mg, shortly before surgery. Most were also given hydroxyzine hydrochloride, 50 mg, or occasionally 75 mg. A few received valium, 10 mg, instead. Total average dose of ketamine was 431 mg, with a range of 225-1093 mg. Only 1 patient received over 1 gm. Statistical analysis of data showed that time of anesthesia rather than weight of the patient was the more important factor in determining dosage. Initial dose of ketamine was about 1 mg per pound of body weight, given iv. For maintenance, at 5-10 minute intervals amounts half the original dose were used. Average operating time was 45 minutes. Effective anesthesia was produced for the duration of the procedure. 2 patients had laryngospasm, 2 had postoperative hallucinations, 1 had postoperative confusion and irrational behavior, and 1 patient developed tachycardia. Transient elevations of blood pressure were the rule. Advantages of ketamine anesthesia are claimed to be: special selective effect on pain perception, stimulation of cardi ovascular system, antiarrhythmic properties, increase of reflexes, patent airway, and more natural appearance of the patient.
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PMID:Ketamine anesthesia for laparoscopy. 426 11

The Zollinger-Ellison syndrome was encountered in a boy aged 11 years who presented with a bulbar duodenal ulcer causing intractable pain and bleeding. The diagnosis was made by finding an overnight fasting gastric secretion of 1,300 ml containing 134 m-equiv/HCl, and little change of secretion after maximal histamine stimulus. A circumscribed non-beta islet cell pancreatic tumour was excised, with antrectomy. Postoperative acid secretion was normal and the boy was well after being followed up for 15 months. The diagnosis and management are discussed, as the view that total gastrectomy must be performed in all cases of the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome is questioned.
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PMID:The Zollinger-Ellison syndrome in a child. 431 Jul 68

Further evidence is presented that the epigastric pain of duodenal ulceration, situated between the rib margins and just below the xiphisternum, arises from the lower oesophagus.One-hundred patients with duodenal ulceration were divided into those with epigastric pain (61) and those with pain in the upper abdomen but not in the epigastrium (39). Perfusion of 0.1 N HCl into the lower oesophagus reproduced epigastric pain in 53 of the 61 with epigastric pain (mean 37 ml) but in none of the 39 without (mean 125 ml). All those who had been woken by epigastric pain at night in the previous four weeks had a positive test.In five the test remained positive even though the acid was neutralized by a continuous perfusion of alkali just below the gastro-oesophageal junction. In another five 200 ml 0.1 N HCl instilled into the stomach for 21 minutes did not reproduce epigastric pain, even though 30 ml perfused for three minutes into the lower oesophagus did.
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PMID:Further experience with epigastric pain reproduction test in duodenal ulceration. 503 11

The principal site of action of intravenous regional anesthesia was studied using both prilocaine HC1 0.5% and technetium pertechnetate to define their distribution in the upper limb during this method of anesthesia. Using a single upper arm tourniquet and injecting technetium pertechnetate into a cubital fossa vein, the isotope spread to the finger tips. When a double tourniquet system was used to isolate the hand from the forearm, the following results were obtained: for up to 20 min after injection of the 40 ml of normal saline and radioisotope there was no leakage into the general circulation nor into the hand; after injection of 40 ml prilocaine HCl 0.5% into a cubital fossa vein, there was no anesthesia in the hand except for a small area on the dorsum corresponding to the area of sensory distribution of the radial nerve; while the tourniquets were inflated there was cramping pain in the hand. The results indicate that the initial analgesia obtained with the intravenous regional technique was due to blockade of small nerves or possibly nerve endings and not of the major nerve trunks at the elbow as has been suggested previously.
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PMID:Site of action of intravenous regional anesthesia. 609 34

A group of 71 women between 11-20 weeks of gestation who desired termination of pregnancy and had no contraindications for prostaglandin (PG) administration were given complete physical and gynecological examinations; hemoglobin was estimated and urinalysis was done. They were then given orally 2 tablets of Lomotil (diphenoxylate HCl 2.5 mg + atropine sulphate 0.025 mg) and 1 tablet of Stemetil (Prochlorperazine 5 mg). They were then given 15 (S) 15 methyl PGF2alpha intravenously at the dose level of 1 mcg/min. 61 subjects (85.9%) aborted within 30 hours. At regular intervals pulse rate, blood pressure, uterine pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, temperature, and respiratory rate were measured and any other side effects were recorded. The mean induction abortion interval was 15.65 hours, the mean number of episodes of vomiting and diarrhea was 0.9 and 0.6 respectively. This study compared well with the intramuscular route of administration with a higher rate of complete abortions and lower rate of side effects. The latter is explained on the basis of smaller amounts of the drug being infused at a slower rate. Disadvantages include confinement to bed, discomfort, and need of constant supervision. Compared with intraamniotic and extraamniotic case studies, the latter are invasive procedures while the intravenous method is not. Also, the intravenous route allows for adjusted drug dosage and stopping the procedure in the event of an undesirable reaction.
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PMID:Midtrimester abortion with intravenous administration of 15 methyl prostaglandin F2 alpha. 612 31

Morphine HCl (10 micrograms/0.5 microliter) was injected into the right striatum, the caudal aqueduct and the region of the nucleus raphe magnus of the rat. Turnover of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in the brain was assessed by fluorimetric estimation of 5-hydroxyindol-3-ylacetic acid following the administration of probenecid. Injection into the right striatum (a region containing 5-HT terminals) increased 5-HT turnover in the right, but not in the left striatum or in the anterior medulla. The pain threshold was unaltered. Injection into the aqueduct accelerated 5-HT turnover in the anterior medulla, but the striata and spinal cord showed no such change. Analgesia was pronounced. Injection of morphine into the region of the nucleus raphe magnus analgesia and increased 5-HT turnover in the posterior medulla and the spinal cord. The action on the cord must have been the result of the stimulation of cells in the raphe. The effects of the local injections of morphine on 5-HT turnover were antagonized by systemic naloxone (1-2 mg/kg) in all the regions studied. When morphine was administered subcutaneously three times a day for five days, tolerance developed to the analgesic effect of morphine (7mg/kg). However, tolerance to its acceleration of 5-HT turnover was only seen in the spinal cord, not in striatum or anterior and posterior medulla. When morphine was withdrawn, its effects on analgesia and 5-HT turnover in the spinal cord recovered simultaneously. The results emphasize the likely part played by the descending serotoninergic pathway in the analgesic effect of morphine.
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PMID:Analgesia, development of tolerance, and 5-hydroxytryptamine turnover in the rat after cerebral and systemic administration of morphine. 618 Mar 53

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is known to alter the pharmacokinetics of several antiarrhythmic agents. To study the effects of AMI on the kinetics of mexiletine (MEX), a single intravenous dose of 200 mg MEX HCl was infused over 30 min in 11 patients with AMI. The study was performed within 24 h of the onset of pain (study I) and repeated about 2 weeks later in seven patients at discharge (study II). MEX was quantitated in plasma and urine samples by a gas-liquid chromatographic method. The decline of MEX in plasma was three-exponential, with a terminal half-life of 14.7 +/- 3.4 (mean +/- SE) h in study I and 11.3 +/- 2.4 h (p less than 0.05) in study II, in the seven patients studied in both phases. The steady-state volume of distribution averaged 578 +/- 97 L in study I and 415 +/- 33 L in study II (p less than 0.05). The total plasma clearance, renal clearance, and recovery of MEX in urine were similar in the two studies, as was the plasma protein binding of MEX (64 +/- 2 vs. 57 +/- 3%, NS). Thus, an increase in the volume of distribution with consequent prolongation of the elimination half-life of MEX occurs in the acute phase of AMI, whereas the rate of elimination remains unchanged.
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PMID:Pharmacokinetics of intravenous mexiletine in patients with acute myocardial infarction. 619 90

Rats with unilaterally sectioned sciatic nerves were continuously administered naloxone HCl (80 or 800 micrograms/h) or equivalent volumes of saline (1 or 10 microliters/h) subcutaneously via osmotic minipumps over a 2 or 5 week period. Rats receiving 80 micrograms/h naloxone for 5 weeks exhibited significantly less self-mutilation (autotomy) of the denervated foot than saline controls or rats receiving 80 micrograms/h naloxone for 2 weeks. The nociceptive threshold of intact rats infused with the same dose of naloxone was tested on a hot plate. In these animals there was no influence on the nociceptive threshold during naloxone administration for 1 week. Autotomy was also reduced in rats infused with 800 micrograms/h naloxone. The nociceptive threshold of intact rats infused with this dose of naloxone or an equivalent volume of saline (10 microliters/h) was increased, suggesting that the presence of the larger osmotic pump caused analgesia.
Pain 1983 Jun
PMID:Continuous naloxone administration via osmotic minipump decreases autotomy but has no effect on nociceptive threshold in the rat. 630 41

The mechanism of pain relief by internal capsule (IC) stimulation was investigated in 32 adult cats. Nociceptive neuronal activity of the nucleus ventralis posteromedialis (VPM), responding to contralateral pulp stimulation, was suppressed by IC stimulation to a greater extent than activity in the posterior nuclear group (PO) or centre-median nucleus. On the contrary, suppression of neuronal firing by intraventricular morphine-HCl predominated in PO neurons. These results suggest that pain relief by IC stimulation may be mediated through inhibitory effects on nociceptive neurons of the thalamic sensory relay nuclei.
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PMID:Inhibition of nociceptive neurons by internal capsule stimulation. 633 93


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