Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0030193 (pain)
 261,466 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Systemic administration of naloxone usually produces either hyperalgesia or no change in nociception depending on the animal species used and/or the pain test employed. This study, however, demonstrates that naloxone produces a dose-dependent analgesia in the formalin pain test using an inbred strain of albino mouse. Female BALB/c, C57BL/6 and CD1 mice were injected subcutaneously with naloxone HCl in saline (0.1 10.0 mg/kg) or saline alone, and tested for analgesia using the formalin test. Naloxone produced a statistically significant dose-dependent analgesia in the BALB/c mice, with an ED50 of 0.24 mg/kg and almost total analgesia at doses of 1 mg/kg or greater. No changes in pain behaviour were observed in the C57BL/6 or CD1 strains of mice. We believe this to be the first report of analgesia following administration of doses of naloxone normally used for opioid antagonism. To determine if this effect was specific to the formalin test, the 3 strains of mice were injected subcutaneously with naloxone HCl and tested in the tail-flick test. Naloxone had no analgesic action in this test in any of the strains.
 ...
PMID:Systemic administration of naloxone produces analgesia in BALB/c mice in the formalin pain test. 334 67

These experiments tested the hypothesis that intrathecal alpha 2-adrenergic antinociception could be potentiated by the concurrent administration of systemic morphine. Thirty-four male rats, implanted with chronic indwelling intrathecal catheters, received a subcutaneous injection of either morphine sulfate or an equal volume of saline, followed by an intrathecal injection of clonidine HCl or an equal volume of vehicle. Antinociception was assessed using the tail-flick test. Tail-flick latencies following subcutaneous morphine plus intrathecal vehicle, or subcutaneous saline plus intrathecal clonidine were not significantly different from baseline. However, the combination of subcutaneous morphine plus intrathecal clonidine produced a significant antinociceptive effect. Such potentiation may prove to be a useful clinical strategy to help maximize analgesia, minimize side effects and attenuate the development of tolerance.
Pain 1988 Mar
PMID:Synergy between the antinociceptive effects of intrathecal clonidine and systemic morphine in the rat. 336 66

The present study sought to determine whether opiate receptors in the substantia nigra may mediate antinociception produced by systemic morphine. Bilateral intranigral microinjection of naloxone-HCl (0.3-10 micrograms) suppressed the antinociceptive effects of systemically administered morphine sulfate (5 mg/kg, s.c.) on the tail-flick and hot-plate tests in a dose-related manner. Injection of naloxone (3 micrograms) into the ventral tegmental area did not alter antinociception produced by systemic morphine (5 mg/kg, s.c.). These findings support the argument that the substantia nigra is an essential, and previously unrecognized, component of the endogenous pain suppression system.
 ...
PMID:Evidence that the substantia nigra is a component of the endogenous pain suppression system in the rat. 338 46

Anti-inflammatory, analgesic and anti-pyretic activities of orally administered TA were investigated in experimental animals. Against acetic acid-induced vascular permeability in mice, carrageenin-induced hind paw edema in rats and ultra-violet ray-induced erythema in guinea pigs, TA produced a dose related inhibition at doses of 40-160 mg/kg, 10-40 mg/kg and 10-40 mg/kg, respectively. TA produced no inhibition against histamine-induced vascular permeability even at a dose of 200 mg/kg in rats. Cotton pellet-induced granuloma and adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats were significantly inhibited by repeated administration of TA at a dose of 50 mg/kg/day for 6 days and 25 mg/kg/day for 6 days, respectively. TA showed a dose related analgesic effect at a dose of 50-200 mg/kg in acetic acid writhing, Randall-Selitto and adjuvant arthritic pain methods. A high dose of TA was needed to produce an analgesic effect in the pressure method using mice. TA produced an anti-pyretic effect against the pyrexia induced by yeast in rats. On the other hand, TA showed no effect against normal body temperature in rats. These results suggest that anti-inflammatory, analgesic and anti-pyretic activities of TA are generally a little weaker than those of ibuprofen, and the mode of action of TA is similar to that of a typical acidic non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug such as ibuprofen, indomethacin or phenylbutazone. The ulcerogenic activity of TA was about 2 and 4 times weaker than that of ibuprofen in rats and mice, respectively. TA showed a protective effect against gastric necrosis induced by HCl.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:[Anti-inflammatory, analgesic and anti-pyretic activities of a new anti-inflammatory compound, 2-[4-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)phenyl] propionic acid (TA), in experimental animals]. 349 51

This controlled, double-blind, split-mouth study was designed to evaluate postoperative pain experience following periodontal surgery on 20 patients. Two commercially available local anesthetic agents, bupivacaine HCl and lidocaine HCl, were used. Periodontal surgeries were standardized to minimize differences in difficulty, extent and time. A patient questionnaire was used to collect data for the 24-hour observation period following periodontal surgery. During this period, pain perception was assessed by visual analogue scales. The results indicated that when bupivacaine was used, there was less postoperative pain, fewer postoperative analgesics taken and a longer period of "numbness" (anesthesia) as compared to lidocaine. The patients expressed a strong preference for bupivacaine over lidocaine.
 ...
PMID:A comparison of postoperative pain experience following periodontal surgery using two local anesthetic agents. 353 12

Suprofen is a new, orally effective nonsteroidal antiinflammatory analgesic of the propionic acid chemical class. Three separate single-dose studies were performed to evaluate the efficacy of suprofen in acute pain associated with periodontal surgery and removal of impacted third molars. Study medications were: A--suprofen 200 mg, codeine 60 mg, propoxyphene HCl 65 mg, and placebo; B--suprofen 400 mg and 200 mg, aspirin 650 mg, and placebo; C--suprofen 400 mg and 200 mg, aspirin 650 mg with codeine 60 mg, aspirin 650 mg alone, and placebo. Analgesic and side effect data were collected over a 6-hour period after patients medicated for moderate to severe pain. All studies were randomized, double-blinded, and parallel-group in design. Suprofen was significantly more effective than codeine 60 mg, propoxyphene HCl 65 mg, and aspirin 650 mg. Suprofen 400 mg appeared to be clinically more effective than the aspirin-codeine combination and the difference was statistically significant for most of the analgesic variables. Of the 224 patients who received suprofen in the 3 studies, 16 reported drowsiness and 1 reported constipation.
 ...
PMID:The analgesic efficacy of suprofen in periodontal and oral surgical pain. 354 Aug 79

The hyoid bone syndrome, first described in 1954, is manifested by tenderness near the greater horn of the hyoid bone. In 1968, the syndrome was reported to be a form of insertion tendinosis, and injection of procaine HCl with corticosteroid at the tip of the greater horn was found to provide temporary relief of pain. I report 50 patients with the hyoid bone syndrome who had excision of the involved greater horn after one month of conservative medical treatment failed to relieve the pain. Operation promptly relieved pain in 45 (90%) of the patients. An understanding of the close relationship between the greater horn of the hyoid and the posterior pharynx and carotid sinus is important in detecting the hyoid bone syndrome.
 ...
PMID:Carotodynia exposed: hyoid bone syndrome. 356 75

The effect of hypertonic glucose as a provocative test was studied in 51 patients with noncardiac chest pain, 15 patients with esophagitis, and 16 asymptomatic controls. It was compared to esophageal perfusion with 0.1 N HCl and saline and intravenous administration of 10 mg edrophonium. Continuous esophageal manometric recordings were performed at the time of testing. The patients' symptoms were monitored every minute. The effect of these solutions and edrophonium on lower esophageal sphincter (LES) pressure and amplitude of esophageal contractions was also evaluated. Esophageal perfusion with hypertonic glucose, saline, or acid had no significant effect on LES pressure or amplitude of esophageal contractions in most patients. Edrophonium, however, resulted in a significant rise in the amplitude of esophageal contractions and the LES pressure in all groups studied. Hypertonic glucose resulted in chest pain in 13.6% of patients with noncardiac chest pain and 20% of those with esophagitis, whereas edrophonium reproduced the pain in 38.7 and 37%, respectively. Our results indicate that hypertonic glucose is not effective as a provocative test for noncardiac chest pain nor does it contribute to the chest pain in esophagitis. They also had no significant effect on the amplitude of esophageal contractions or LES pressure. Edrophonium continues to be a relatively sensitive test for noncardiac chest pain.
 ...
PMID:Comparison of hypertonic glucose to other provocative tests in patients with noncardiac chest pain. 357 20

Postthoracotomy pain can be reduced by cryoanalgesia of intercostal nerves. The technique involves focal freezing of peripheral nerves to interrupt pain pathways, producing immediate functional changes that recover as the nerves regenerate. To assess the time-course of functional changes that follow nerve injury, unilateral freeze lesions of sciatic nerve were induced in rats with a cryosurgical unit. The contralateral nerves were used as sham-operated controls. Following nerve injury, behavioral and electrophysiologic tests were repeated to 90 days. The acute effect of nerve injury was a decrease in behavioral measures of hind limb function (P less than 0.05), an increase in electrical threshold to elicit hind limb contraction (P less than 0.005), and an absence of stimulus-evoked compound action potential (P less than 0.005). Morphologic changes included substantial endoneurial edema associated with Wallerian degeneration. Remyelination occurred subsequently during the following 35 days. Although all physiologic measures returned toward normal, nerve conduction velocities were still much slower in the experimental group. In a second study, the long-term effects of cryogenic injury were compared with neurolytic injury with 10% procaine HCl, both of which produced a conduction velocity deficit that persisted at least 90 days after the initial injury. These behavioral and electrophysiologic results complement previous reports of morphologic deficits in the nerves including incomplete recovery of nerve fiber diameter and increased thickness of the perineurial sheath.
 ...
PMID:Behavioral and electrophysiological recovery following cryogenic nerve injury. 358 53

A monopolar electrode was implanted surgically in the canine tooth dentine layer to evaluate pain threshold responses of horses. A constant-current stimulator was used to deliver a known electrical current to the tooth pulp nerve. A single stimulus of 2-ms duration, repeated at greater than or equal to 20-s intervals, was used to elicit a head lift response. The lowest current level that produced 3 positive head lift responses was recorded as the pain threshold of the horse. The testing technique, dental dolorimetry, was easily performed. Tooth pulp pain thresholds (TPPT) were established on 8 nonmedicated adult male horses. Electrodes were nonreactive and remained functional for up to 98 days. Base-line TPPT values were consistent with repeated measurements on the same day and measurements on subsequent test days. The quantity of electrical current necessary to elicit the TPPT was increased after administration of xylazine HCl as a test analgesic.
 ...
PMID:Dental dolorimetry for the evaluation of an analgesic agent in the horse. 363 90


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>