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Query: UMLS:C0030193 (pain)
 261,466 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We examined 66 patients with pain of possible esophageal origin for sensitivity to intraesophageal infusions of coffee, orange juice, spicy tomato drink, or HCl of varying concentrations as an addendum to their acid infusion (Bernstein) tests. Compared to Berstein-negative subjects, acid-sensitive patients were sensitive to infusion of coffee (P less than 0.01), orange juice (P less than 0.001), and tomato drink (P less than 0.001). Patients were largely insensitive to HCl solutions with a titratable acidity of 1 mEq per liter or less, less than the least acidic food solution tested. However, Berstein-positive patients were still highly sensitive to infusions of coffee, orange juice, and tomato drink adjusted to pH 7 (P less than 0.001). Patients were unable to differentiate symptoms caused by acid or food infusions, and solutions did not differ in the duration of infusion needed either to cause symptoms or to relieve them by saline. We conclude that the pain of esophagitis is nonspecific and can be precipitated by variety of seemingly unrelated substances.
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PMID:Food sensitivity in reflux esophagitis. 2 14

Four local anaesthetic solutions (2% carbonated lignocaine with or without adrenaline and 0.5% bupivacaine HCl with or without adrenaline) were used randomly for 335 continuous lumbar extradural blocks in labour. Carbonated lignocaine caused a more rapid onset of analgesia than bupivacaine HCl. The addition of adrenaline made little difference to the onset times, prolonged markedly the duration of analgesia with carbonated lignocaine and had little effect on the duration of analgesia with bupivacaine HCl. Tachyphylaxis was a feature with carbonated lignocaine and adrenaline, but not with the other solutions. The incidence of unblocked segments was 7-9% in the four groups. The incidence of unilateral analgesia was 6% with plain lignocaine and 13% in the other groups. Complete pain relief occurred more frequently with bupivacaine HCl than with carbonated lignocaine and the use of adrenaline had little effect on the degree of analgesia.
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PMID:Extradural analgesia in obstetrics: a controlled trial of carbonated lignocaine and bupivacaine hydrochloride with or without adrenaline. 13 Jan 53

A double-blind, randomized trial was conducted in 120 post-surgical patients to evaluate the oral analgesic activity of butorphanol tartrate (4 mg and 8 mg) and pentazocine HCl (50 mg) as compared to placebo. Both dose of butorphanol as well as pentazocine proved to be significantly (p less than 0-05) more effective than placebo. Butorphanol 4 mg and pentazocine 50 mg were never significantly different from each other, while butorphanol 8 mg was significantly beeter than both butorphanol 4 mg as well as pentazocine 50 mg in several instances, demonstrating a significant dose effect relationship for butorphanol. All of the active treatment provided maximum pain relief within 1 to 2 hours and were effective over 4 hours. In contrast to the other treatments, none of the 8 mg butorphanol patients required remedication during the 4-hour observation period. Generally, the incidence fo side-effects appeared low.
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PMID:Double-blind placebo controlled oral analgesic comparison of butorphanol andpentazocine in patients with moderate to severe post-operative pain. 33 93

The effectiveness of 400 and 800 mg. of ibuprofen was compared to that of 650 mg. of aspirin, 65 mg. of propoxyphene HCl, and placebo in 510 patients experiencing pain subsequent to oral surgical procedures. In double-blind study, patients were randomly assigned to one of five experimental groups and instructed to report the intensity of pain (complete, partial, or none) over a 3-hour period of evaluation. Ibuprofen, at both doses, was shown to be more effective for both degree and duration of relief from pain.
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PMID:Analgesic activity of ibuprofen (Motrin) in postoperative oral surgical pain. 34 32

Previous studies have suggested that in rats probing against the vaginal cervix with a glass of is analgesic, for this stimulus elevates the threshold for eliciting vocalization in response to tail shock. In the present studies pretreatment with naloxone HCl (1 or 10 mg/kg), a potent narcotic antagonist did not antagonize this vaginal stimulation-induced analgesia. Furthermore, vaginal stimulation was found to exert its analgesic effect even in rats made tolerant to, and dependent upon, morphine sulfate. These results suggest that the analgesic effect of vaginal stimulation is not necessarily mediated by an opiate-sensitive neural system. However, we hypothesize that even though vaginal stimulation and other analgesic manipulations may act via different neural substrates, they may nevertheless converge onto a final common mechanism for pain suppression.
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PMID:Analgesia induced by vaginal stimulation in rats is apparently independent of a morphine-sensitive process. 41 36

1. Substance P (synthetic or extracted for intestine or central nervous system) is devoid of an algesic effect on paravascular pain receptors. 2. The algesic effect of a AP-containing acetone HCl-extract from spinal cord is explained by its high content of potassium ions. 3. SP-containing preparations which include an ammonium sulphate precipitation in the extraction procedure are algesic due to content of this salt. 4. SP-containing extract from intestine were found to be contaminated with a bradykinin-like peptide of high algesic potency. 5. These findings are discussed with regard to the restricted value of earlier results about central actions of SP-containing tissue extracts and with regard to the role of SP as a possible neurotransmitter.
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PMID:Lack of algesic effect of substance P on paravascular pain receptors. 56 91

After lumbar extradural injections of ligocaine or etidocaine for surgical anaesthesia further accumulation in the plasma was minimal following top-up injections for pain relief after operation. The dose regimens were: 20 ml of 2% plain lignocaine HCl solution for surgical anaesthesia followed by 10 ml every 1 h until 4 h, and 20 ml of 1% plain etidocaine HCl solution for surgical anaesthesia followed by 10 ml every 2 h until 8 h. Plasma drug concentrations measured after initial doses were used to predict those following successive doses. Agreement between predicted and experimental values was good and further projections were made concerning the local accumulation of etidocaine.
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PMID:Observed and predicted accumulation of local anaesthetic agents during continuous extradural analgesia. 91 76

A new analgesic, nefopam, is chemically distinct and pharmacologically unrelated to any presently known analgesic. A comparison was made of morphine and nefopam in 74 patients who required parenteral analgesia for moderate to severe postoperative and somatic pain, using a single administration, 2-dose level, double-blind design. A significant dose-response curve was obtained with nefopam and with morphine, and there was no significant deviation from parallelism. The time-effect curves for the 2 drugs were similar. The estimated relative potency of nefopam to morphine indicates that 20 mg of nefopam HCl is the approximate analgesic equal of 12 mg of morphine SO4. There were no adverse effects with nefopam and one adverse reaction to morphine.
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PMID:Nefopam and morphine in man. 110 31

The results of a controlled, double-blind clinical trial are reported demonstrating the potency of analgesia produced by orally and parenterally administered nefopam HCl in hospitalized patients with pain principally of skeletal and neuromuscular origin. The drug is an analogue of orphenadrine, consisting of a cyclization of the diphenhydramine molecule. A double-blind, crossover study was made of the analgesic effects of intramuscular doses of 20 mg nefopam HCl, 50 mg pethidine, and saline placebo in 20 patients. Nefopam and pethidine were found to be equally effective and statistically superior to placebo. A double-blind, randomized study was made of orally administered nefopam HCl, 60 mg t.i.d., for three days and of placebo t.i.d. for three days in 80 patients. Nefopam was distinctly superior to placebo in analgesic effectiveness, both in the initial single dose and in maintaining therapeutic benefit for the duration of the three-day trial. It was concluded that nefopam is a potent analgesic of novel structure and unique physiologic properties.
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PMID:Controlled clinical trial of oral and parenteral nefopam hydrochloride. A novel and potent analgesic drug. 110 59

The purpose of this study was to compare the duration of pulpal anesthesia obtained with 0.5% bupivacaine HCl with 1:200,000 epinephrine to 2% lidocaine HCl with 1:100,000 epinephrine, using the periodontal ligament (PDL) injection. Twenty-four subjects received bilateral PDL injections using mandibular premolar teeth and a double-blind research design. Anesthesia was defined as no response to maximum output of an electric pulp tester. An overall success rate of 35.4% was achieved. Duration of anesthesia obtained with bupivacaine HCl ranged from 4 minutes 59 seconds to 16 minutes 37 seconds with a mean duration of 10 minutes 24 seconds. Excluding one instance in which the duration was three orders of magnitude beyond the norm, duration of anesthesia obtained with lidocaine HCl ranged from 1 minute 43 seconds to 16 minutes 16 seconds with a mean duration of 7 minutes 10 seconds. Postoperatively, all experimental teeth tested vital with no clinically apparent pulpal or periodontal damage. Some postoperative discomfort was experienced at 16.6% of the injection sites.
Anesth Pain Control Dent 1992
PMID:Duration of anesthesia using the periodontal ligament injection: a comparison of bupivacaine to lidocaine. 129 87


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