Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0030193 (pain)
 261,466 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A quantitative method for measuring pain threshold by the use of ultrasonic stimulation in mice has been designed. The method had the advantage of precision, simplicity of technique, rapidity of measurement, and the fact that the stimuli is innocuous upon repeated application. The nature of the senstaions induced by ultrasonic stimulus is somewhat like that felt with a prick type of pain. Pentazocine (30, 100, 150 mg/kg i.p.) aminopyrine (15,50, 100, 150 mg/kg i.p.), phenacetin (100,150, 200, 250 mg/kg i.p.) sodium salicylate (150, 200, 250 mg/kg i.p.) and other antipyretic analgesics were active in a wide range of doses indicating that this technique is sensitive to the narcotic antagonist and to the weak analgesics as well as to the narcotic analgesics as well as to the narcotic analgesics such as morphine (2.5, 5, 10, 15 mg/kg i.p.), codeine (10, 20, 25, 30, 50 mg/kg i.p.) and pethidine (5,10, 15, 20, 25 mg/kg i.p.). The ultrasonic method is, therefore, applicable in screening procedures when attempting to evaluate the analgesic potency of a wide variety of chemical agents.
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PMID:A new analgesic testing method using ultrasonic stimulation. I. Effects of narcotic and nonnarcotic analgesics. 1 Apr 56

Thirty-two dysmenorrheic patients participated in a double-blind trial of naproxen sodium for three consecutive menstrual cycles. The women were divided into two groups: 15 women were given naproxen sodium (the sodium salt of d-2-(6-methoxy-2-naphthyl) propionic acid) and 17 women received placebo tablets. The women were prescribed two tablets (550 mg) at the first sign of menstrual pain and one tablet (275 mg) thereafter every six hours, as required. There were no significant differences between the two groups in physical characteristics, obstetric and gynecologic histories, including the character of dysmenorrhea and pretreatment pain intensity scores (p = 0.7). Following intake of the drug or placebo, the participants rated the relief provided by the medication with a six-point scoring system. When the scores for pain relief were tallied for the three treatment cycles, the naproxen sodium group averaged 13.7 +/- 0.65 standard error, while the placebo group averaged 8.8 +/- 0.95 standard error out of a possible maximum relief score of 18. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant at p = 0.0004. Few patients reported side effects.
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PMID:Treating dysmenorrhea with anti-inflammatory agents: a double-blind trial with naproxen sodium. 3 86

A 31-year-old man had sodium hydroxide blown into his amblyopic left eye after an explosion caused by placing solid sodium hydroxide cleanser into a plugged drain. The eye was treated with topical and intraocular irrigation, and lactated Ringer's solution and the patient was given topical antibiotics, systemic and topical corticosteroids, and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Acetylcysteine drops were administered, and a contact lens was placed. The patient subsequently developed severe pain, hypopyon, and hyphema. The cornea was ulcerated and perforated 27 days after injury, and the eye was enucleated 70 days after injury.
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PMID:Irrigation of the anterior chamber for the treatment of alkali burns. 3 37

Three groups of patients with primary dysmenorrhea were treated with prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors. Thirty-one women received indomethacin at a dose of 25 mg x 3--4 per day usually starting one to two days before the onset of menstruation and 38 women received naproxen 250 mg x 3--4 per day usually starting on the first day of bleeding (open studies). Seventy-one per cent of the patients experienced moderate or good relief of pain following indomethacin and 67% following naproxen. In a third series a double-blind crossover study using the sodium salt of naproxen versus placebo in 26 patients showed that naproxen-sodium was significantly more effective than the placebo (p less than 0.05). At the doses employed, the prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors were not associated with any side effects of major concern. The study indicates that this form of therapy offers an effective alternative in patients who for some reason do not accept hormonal treatment.
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PMID:Treatment of primary dysmenorrhea with prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors--a promising therapeutic alternative. 10 58

The therapeutic value of sodium aurothiomalate, D-penicillamine and levamisole was evaluated in three comparable groups of 20 rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. There was no intergroup difference after a 3-month follow-up and all were significantly improved (p less than 0.001). To verify if, in these patients, the presence of antinuclear antibodies (ANA) had influenced the therapeutic results, each group was retrospectively subdivided according to the ANA status. To start with, all the sub-groups were statistically comparable on the basis of measures of disease activity. The D-penicillamine group could not be analyzed. In the gold treated group, the ANA negative patients were more improved than the ANA positive (p = 0.03), and very significantly more than the levamisole-treated ANA-negative patients (p = 0.005). The ANA negative patients taking levamisole had less pain relief (p = 0.01) and showed a tendency for less overall improvement (p = 0.15) than the ANA positive patients. This preliminary study supports the idea that systematic ANA testing in RA may be of practical and theoretical value.
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PMID:Slow onset anti-rheumatic drugs in rheumatoid arthritis: could the presence of antinuclear antibody influence the therapeutic results? 11 Sep 29

During hypertonic saline induction, the evolution of intrauterine pressure, the oxytocin response and abortion were delayed in naproxen-treated patients. The PG synthesis inhibitors naproxen, mefenamic acid and ibuprofen decreased the high uterine resting pressure ('tone'), the frequency of contractions but not always the active pressure ('amplitude') in dysmenorrheic patients, with a coincident decrease in pain. The naproxen-sodium treatment decreased prostaglandins F and E in menstrual blood and uterine jet washings by 60--80 per cent.
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PMID:Suppression of uterine activity by prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors. 11 65

A case of alcoholic ketoacidosis in a 23-year-old chronic alcoholic, gravada V, para IV, is reported. Symptoms were constant, severe, nonradiating pain with crampy exacerbations, anorexia, nausea and vomiting. The patient had a tender and irritable full-term uterus. She was treated inhospital with vigorous fluid therapy and 5% dextrose in normal saline, sodium bicarbonate, glucose and insulin and showed improvement overnight. Alcoholic ketoacidosis has not been reported in pregnant women. Metabolic derangements combine to produce ketoacidosis more readily in the pregnant alcoholic. Differentiation of alcoholic ketoacidosis and diabetic ketoacidosis is important since treatment varies. For alcoholic ketoacidosis, treatment is vigorous rehydration with dextrose-saline while diabetic ketoacidosis usually requires multiple therapeutic modalities.
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PMID:Alcoholic ketoacidosis in a pregnant woman. 11 97

1. The effects of apomorphine and sodium Di-n-propylacetate (DPA, sodium valproate) on pain-induced aggressive behavior were investigated in three inbred strains of mice: BALB/c, C57B1/6 and DBA/2, which exhibited spontaneously low levels of aggression. 2. Apomorphine elicited aggressive behavior in the three strains, the range of effective doses being different for each strain of mice. 3. Di-n-propylacetate was effective in inhibiting apomorphine elicited aggression but the three strains exhibited a different sensitivity to this drug. 4. The effects of Di-n-propylacetate were not related to pain sensitivity, posture and locomotion. Only C57 strain exhibited a slight postural and locomotor impairment when injected with a higher dose of Di-n-propylacetate. 5. The results are discussed in terms of a genetic inference and of biological differences existing between these three strains.
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PMID:Effects of apomorphine and sodium Di-n-propylacetate on the aggressive behaviour of three strains of mice. 12 90

The activity of a therapeutic drug against Paget's disease is judged by a reduction in the level of hydroxyprolinuria and of alkaline phosphatasaemia, these being the metabolic signs of the bone changes, and by a decrease in bone pain which may accompany the bone changes in Paget's disease. The effect of aspirin is only moderate and is produced only with large doses that are often not well tolerated. The cortisone drugs are also active only at high doses that should be avoided. The action of sodium fluoride is uncertain. Mithramycin is always effective; it leads to a decrease in the levels of hydroxyprolinuria and of alkaline phosphatosaemia and to disappearance of the pain. At the dose levels used by the authors, mithramycin induces only certain metabolic anomalies (rise in transaminases, decrease in the prothrombin level...) which return to normal at the end of treatment. However, the long-term tolerance of mithramycin is unknown and the authors think that its use in cases of Paget's disease should be severely restricted. Sodium etidronate, a diphosphonate that inhibits both bone resorption and osteoformation also decreases regularly the levels of hydroxyprolinuria and of alkaline phosphatasemia and often decreases the pain. It is usually well tolerated. However at the dose rate of 20 mg/kg/day it may lead to the development of osteomalacia.
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PMID:[Non-hormonal drug treatment in Paget's disease]. 13 65

A case of 21 year old male with neuropathy caused by renal insufficiency was present. He had taken bromate (mixed powder of potassium bromate and sodium bromate) for the purpose of suicide and suffered from acute renal insufficiency and hard of hearing. Renal dysfunction improved gradually by peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis. However, on the 32th day after the onset, burning pain appeared in the bilateral feets. Following this, he began to complain of the disturbances of superficial and deep sensory below the ankle jerks and the weakness of his toes. Considering the clinical features, we supposed that the disturbance of the peripheral nerve was caused by uremia due to taking bromate. N. suralis was biopsied on the 80th day after the onset and examined electron microscopically. Electroscopical findings was as follows. Degeneration of the Schwann cells and irregularity or destruction of the myelin sheaths were observed. The axoplasm of the myelinated nerve fiber were relatively preserved as compared with the changes of the myelin sheaths. In the unmyelinated nerve fibers, cavity formations were observed. The findings of regeneration were not observed. From the electron microscopical findings, we speculate that the changes of the Schwann cells and the myelin sheaths are primary resulting from the disturbance of the metabolism of the Schwann cells. We speculate that anemia and hypoproteinemia caused by bromate disturbed regeneration.
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PMID:[Peripheral nerve disease associated with acute renal failure due to bromate poisoning]. 19 41


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