Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0030193 (pain)
 261,466 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effectivenss and acceptability of the Copper-7 (Cu-7) IUD was assessed over a total of 8064.5 woman-months calculated by the life-table method of Tietze-Lewit, were accidental pregnancy, 3.1; spontaneous expulsion, 3.2; removal for bleeding and/or pain, 3.7; removal for other medical reasons, .5; removal for planned pregnancy, 5.3; and removal for other personal reasons, 5.2. The overall termination rate was 21/100 women. Most of the side effects occurred within the first 6 months of use. There were no cases of pelvic infection. The incidence of side effects and the reversibility of the method did not appear to be affected by the addition of copper to the device. Serum progesterone, estrogen, copper, and iron levels remained within the normal range. No marked endometritis was observed. It is concluded that the CU-7 IUD is a safe and effective contraceptive device.
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PMID:Clinical studies on Cu-7; copper-IUD. 1215 49

Lippes Loop D or Copper T-200 devices were randomly assigned to 400 women in Santiago, Chile, none of whom had been recently pregnant, in the effort to test the relationship between IUD use and anemia and the effect of daily iron supplements on hematocrit levels in conjunction with IUD use. The mean age for the acceptor group was 25.4; the mean parity was 1.9. Daily iron supplements were randomly assigned to 200 women in the group. Daily iron supplements were given to 21 women in the non-iron group who were admitted with hematocrit values of less than 30%. Hematocrit readings were performed at admission and at each subsequent follow-up. Readings were performed on cervical samples at 1, 3, 6 and 12 month follow-up visits. Mean admission hematocrit values were compared to the corresponding values at each follow-up via a paired t-test. There were no significant differences found for users of either IUD in the group taking daily iron supplements. In the non-supplement group, there were significant declines in hematocrit levels at 3 and 6 months after IUD insertion. At 12-months post-insertion, the mean hematocrit values for all groups increased from the 6-month level. Women taking iron supplements had lower rates of expulsion and removal for bleeding and pain, but the results were insignificant.
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PMID:The IUD and anemia: a study of hematocrit. 1226 17

71 Egyptian women using Norplant contraceptive implants for 1 year were followed with laboratory testing of carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism, liver and kidney function tests, serum iron and iron binding capacity and pituitary response to GnRH. The subjects were normal, healthy fertile, non-pregnant, non-lactating women who had not used hormone for 6 months. There were no pregnancies. Most women complained of altered menstrual patterns. Some reported headache, dizziness, increased vaginal discharge, nausea, and pain at the insertion site. There was no significant change in fasting or post-prandial glucose, or kidney function. Cholesterol decreased significantly at 3 months, triglycerides fell at 3 and 12 months, and HDL rose significantly at 3 and 12 months. SGPT fell significantly at 3 and 12 months. Total protein and albumin was significantly lower at 12 months. Serum iron and total iron binding capacity were significantly elevated at 3 and 12 months. Secretion of LH and FSH fluctuated around normal limits. The lipoprotein findings are discrepant from those reported from other developing countries in Norplant trials.
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PMID:Clinical chemistry and pituitary response changes in Egyptian acceptors of L. Norgestrel six rods implants during the first year of use. 1228 53

In 115 women who chose the IUD, hemoglobin level (Hb), hematocrit (HTC), and iron levels were tested before IUD insertion (Copper IUD in 77 cases, inert IUD in 38). The 1st group (treated) of 52 women was administered prophylactic prostaglandin (PG) synthetase inhibitors (P6SI) indomethacin, flufenamic acid, or naproxen. The 2nd (untreated) group of 63 women was given no medication after IUD insertion. 4 months later with the device in utero, the 1st group had a significant rise in Hb and iron level from 12.9% to 13.3% and from 115.5 lamda% to 124.0 lamda% respectively. HTC was unchanged. In the untreated group, Hb level fell from 12.8 to 11.6g%, HTC from 37.5 to 33.9%, and iron from 115.0 to 84.4 lamda%. None of the treated women had side effects from the drug or excessive bleeding and the device did not have to be removed. For these reasons, administration of P6SI to all women after IUD insertion for the 1st year to avoid excessive pain, bleeding, and iron deficiency is recommended.
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PMID:Prevention of iron deficiency anemia in IUD users by prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors. 1231 41

Besides the common distal symmetrical sensory-motor polyneuropathy (DSP) that is often associated with autonomic dysfunction, diabetic patients may develop multifocal sensory-motor deficits (MDN) secondary to roots, plexus and nerve trunk involvement. Nerve ischaemia has been suggested as a common mechanism for the different patterns of diabetic neuropathies, yet the important clinical differences that exist between DSP and MDN suggest concurrent factors. In order to learn more on the subject, we prospectively studied 22 consecutive diabetic patients with MDN, for which other causes of neuropathy were excluded by appropriate investigations, including biopsy of a recently affected sensory nerve. Three patients had a relapsing course, and the others an unremitting subacute-progressive course. Painful MDN progressed over 2-12 months. The neurological deficit predominated in distal lower limbs which were involved in all patients, unilaterally in seven, bilaterally in the others, with an asynchronous onset in most cases. In addition, a proximal deficit of the lower limbs was present on one side in seven patients, and on both sides in six. Thoracic radiculoneuropathy was present bilaterally in two patients, and unilaterally in one. The ulnar nerve was involved in one patient, and the radial nerve in two. The CSF protein ranged from 0.40 to 3.55 g/l; mean: 0.87 g/l. Electrophysiological testing showed severe, multifocal, axonal nerve lesions in all cases. Asymmetrical axonal lesions were found in all nerve specimens. The mean density of myelinated axons was reduced to 1340 +/- 1070 per mm(2) of endoneurial area versus 8370 +/- 706 myelinated fibres/mm(2) in controls. The mean density of unmyelinated fibres was reduced to 5095 +/- 6875 per mm(2) (extremes: 0-26 600). On teased fibre preparations, 34 +/- 31% of the fibres were at different stages of axonal degeneration (extremes 0-99%); 7 +/- 6% of the fibres showed segmental demyelination or remyelination. Necrotizing vasculitis of perineurial and endoneurial blood vessels were found in six patients. Endoneurial seepage of red cells was present in 11 specimens, and endoneurial haemorrhage in five. Ferric iron deposits that characterize previous bleeding were found in seven patients, including two who had no red cells in the endoneurium. Perivascular mononuclear cell infiltrates were present in the nerve specimens of 21 out of 22 patients, prominently in four patients. In comparison, nerve biopsy specimens of 30 patients with severe distal symmetrical diabetic polyneuropathy showed mild epineurial mononuclear cell infiltrate in one patient and endoneurial seepage of red cells in another. We conclude that MDN is related to pre-capillary blood vessel involvement in elderly diabetic patients with a secondary inflammatory response.
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PMID:Inflammatory vasculopathy in multifocal diabetic neuropathy. 1253 4

The harmfulness from partial vibration with extended contact vibration time was studied by investigating into the symptoms and signs of workers with local vibration disease in Taiyuan Iron & Steel Company. The sense of hand, the function of nerve ending and the microcirculation of fingernail wrinkles of 321 workers working on local vibration operations were examined and observed. The indexes examined are worse with the increase of contact time and are better in low contact group. A positive correlation between the abnormal of microcirculation, the pain and numbness of hand was observed. It is concluded that the degree of harmfulness on hands and upper limbs of whom working on local vibration operation is related to the time of contact vibration. The function of nerve ending and the ending circulation were injured at the same time.
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PMID:[Investigation and evaluation on the harmfulness of partial vibration and the contact vibration time]. 1256 24

Vascular lesions of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract include arterio-venous malformations as angiodysplasia and Dieulafoy's lesion, venous ectasias (multiple phlebectasias and haemorroids), teleangiectasias which can be associated with hereditary hemorrhagic teleangiectasia (HHT), Turner's syndrome and systemic sclerosis, haemangioma's, angiosarcoma's and disorders of connective tissue affecting blood vessels as pseudoxanthoma elasticum and Ehlers-Danlos's disease. As a group, they are relatively rare lesions that however may be a major source of upper and lower gastrointestinal bleeding. Clinical presentation is variable, ranging from asymptomatic cases over iron deficiency anaemia to acute or recurrent bleeding that may be life-threatening. Furthermore, patients may present with other symptoms, e.g. pain, dysphagia, odynophagia, the presence of a palpable mass, intussusception, obstruction, haemodynamic problems resulting from high cardiac output, lymphatic abnormalities with protein loosing enteropathy and ascites, or dermatological and somatic features in syndromal cases. Diagnosis can usually be made using endoscopy, sometimes with additional biopsy. Barium radiography, angiography, intraoperative enteroscopy, tagged red blood cell scan, CT-scan and MRI-scan may offer additional information. Treatment can be symptomatic, including iron supplements and transfusion therapy or causal, including therapeutic endoscopy (laser, electrocautery, heater probe or injection sclerotherapy), therapeutic angiography and surgery. The mode of treatment is of course depending on the mode of presentation and other factors such as associated disorders. If endoscopic or angiographic therapy is impossible and surgical intervention not indicated, pharmacological therapy may be warranted. Good results have been reported with different drugs, albeit most of them have not been tested in large trials.
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PMID:Vascular lesions of the gastrointestinal tract. 1261 28

There were 5124 deliveries during January to December 2000 and of these 386 patients (7.53%) were severely anemic (Hb < 6.0 g/dl). 1083 units of blood were transfused to these patients, a mean of 2.80 units to each patient. There were 2 maternal deaths due to severe anemia. Of the 386 patients, 246 could be interviewed in detail and their demographic details were compared with 100 normal pregnant women with haemoglobin levels of 10 g/dl or more. In the anemic group 81.7% were illiterate, 62.1% had no antenatal check, 78.8% had no access to safe drinking water 90.65% had no toilet facilities and used open fields for defaecation, 63.1% reported having diarrhoea and pain in abdomen off and on. 20.73% reported history of passage of worms in the stools. History of previous menorrhagia was present only in 1.2%. The comparable figures in the non-anaemic group were 34% illiterate, 24% no antenatal checkup, 55% no toilet facilities, 38% unsafe drinking water, 6% diarrhoea, 2% (worms in stools) and 5% menorrhagia. Hence it is concluded that along with prophylaxis with iron and folic acid sufficient consideration should be given to sanitation facilities, safe drinking water, recurrent gastrointestinal infection etc.
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PMID:Burden of chronic severe anemia in obstetric patients in rural north India. 1264 44

Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is an inherited disorder of hemoglobin synthesis that is characterized by life-long severe hemolytic anemia, attacks of pain crisis, and chronic organ system damage. A third of the hemolysis in SCA is intravascular and the resulting urinary losses of iron may lead to iron deficiency. There is no evidence of iron overload in SCA and iron deficiency may be more common than suspected, especially in men. Absence of bone marrow iron remains a gold standard for the diagnosis of iron deficiency in these patients. Although low serum ferritin is highly specific for the diagnosis of iron deficiency, its sensitivity is quite low in SCA because of non-specific elevation due to increased red cell turnover. The kinetics of sickling is strongly concentration dependent such that small decreases in the mean corpuscular deoxyhemoglobin-S concentration (MCHC-S) cause a substantial delay in sickle hemoglobin polymerization. Prolongation of the "delay time of gelation" in excess of the capillary transit time may allow the erythrocyte to traverse the capillary bed to escape to the arterial side before there is rheologic impairment of the erythrocyte from polymerization of sickle hemoglobin. Overt iron deficiency lowers the MCHC-S and thereby decreases the sickling tendency and the severity of hemolysis. The clinical improvement in SCA following the induction of iron deficient erythropoiesis by repeated phlebotomies or by erythrocytapheresis has been reported. Prospective controlled studies are needed to evaluate further, the therapeutic strategy of inducing controlled iron-deficient erythropoiesis in selected patients with SCA.
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PMID:Iron in sickle cell disease: a review why less is better. 1270 Nov 23

Von Willebrand disease (VWD) is the commonest inherited disorder of hemostasis and the majority of women with this disorder experience excessive uterine bleeding. Yet very little information is available on the health-related quality of life (HRQL) in individuals with VWD. To test the a priori hypotheses that these individuals will have poorer HRQL than members of the general population, and that this burden of morbidity will correlate with the severity of VWD, a cross-sectional study was undertaken of a population-based cohort in a regional hemophilia program in Ontario, Canada. A survey was made of individuals over 13 years of age with VWD who self-reported their health status using a standard 15 item questionnaire. The responses were converted to levels in the Health Utilities Index Mark 2 (HUI2) and Mark 3 (HUI3) health status classification systems to form multi-element vectors from which single attribute morbidity and overall HRQL utility scores were determined. As a group, individuals with VWD were shown to have poorer HRQL than members of the general population and those with Type 2 disease carried a greater burden of overall morbidity than those with Type 1 disorder. Morbidity was evident mainly in the attributes of emotion, cognition with pain. A striking difference was observed between males and females, with the latter having overall HRQL utility scores similar to those reported previously for HIV positive, severe hemophiliacs. It is possible that this remarkable burden of morbidity reflects chronic iron deficiency associated with menorrhagia. A national study has been proposed to address this likelihood as it offers an opportunity for effective therapeutic intervention (iron supplementation) with a concomitant gain in health status and HRQL.
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PMID:Health status and health-related quality of life associated with von Willebrand disease. 1274 12


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