Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0030193 (pain)
 261,466 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We can state that an effective pain relief during labour, like epidural analgesia, is indicated and it prevents or modifies the pain-induced harmful effects on mother and the fetus. Maternal and fetal ACTH or BE response in labour are not altered, but the increase of maternal cortisol secretion is reduced, thus probably suggesting a lesser maternal stress, to which also point the changes of PRL. Epidural analgesia prevents harmful maternal metabolic changes like hyperventilation, hypocapnia, metabolic acidosis and lactic acid accumulation. These beneficial effects are also reflected in a better fetal and neonatal condition. Carbohydrate and fat metabolism, on the contrary, seem not to be significantly changed by epidural analgesia. Epidural analgesia is beneficial also by reducing the pain induced catecholamine release, and by improving the intervillous blood flow, especially in pre-eclamptic parturients.
 ...
PMID:Maternal and fetal effects of epidural analgesia during labour. 299 Jan 22

In order to investigate the involvement of pituitary beta-endorphin in electroacupuncture analgesia (EAA), the effects of hypophysectomy, dexamethasone (Dex) and adrenalectomy on the analgesia and the increase in plasma corticosterone (Cort) and ACTH levels produced by electroacupuncture (EA) were studied in male SD rats. In saline-treated and Dex-treated rats, plasma Cort levels were correlated with plasma ACTH levels. In non-treated rats, the time course of EA-induced increase in pain threshold was similar to that of EA-induced elevation of plasma Cort levels. In the hypophysectomized rats, EAA was significantly reduced and the EA-induced increase in plasma Cort was also abolished. Single administration of a large dose of Dex tended to reduce EAA and significantly reduced the EA-induced increase in plasma Cort and ACTH. Further suppression of pituitary functions by 4 days-treatment with Dex resulted in further reduction of EAA and the EA-induced increase in plasma Cort and ACTH. On the other hand, hind-paw pressure test without EA produced an increase in plasma Cort and ACTH to the same extent as that produced by EA and produced no analgesia. In the adrenalectomized rats, EAA was reduced, and the plasma ACTH level, which was sixteen times higher than that of nonoperated rats, was further elevated 2-fold higher by EA. No correlation between plasma ACTH levels and the increase in pain thresholds was observed in individual rats of the saline-treated and Dex-treated groups. Control pain thresholds were not influenced by hypophysectomy, Dex or adrenalectomy. These results suggest that pituitary beta-endorphin may not be mainly involved in EAA.
 ...
PMID:[The role of the pituitary in the development of electroacupuncture analgesia in rats]. 299 39

We investigated the psychoneuroendocrine and emotional correlates of the natural stress situation of human labor. State anxiety, subjective pain, plasma ACTH, peripheral plasma beta-lipotropin (Beta-LPH), beta-endorphin (Beta-EP), and met-enkephalin (Met-Enk) were serially evaluated at six predetermined time points before, and after labor in a sample of 14 women with normal pregnancies. State anxiety and subjective pain showed a progressive increase during labor, with a levelling during the final stage. Plasma Beta-EP and ACTH showed a similar progressive increasing from baseline until the end of labor. Beta-LPH showed no significant modification. Met-Enk remained at nearly baseline values throughout labor, with a marked progressive rise in the postpartum stage. The findings of this study seem to confirm the role of plasma Beta-EP as a stress hormone. Possible relationship between pain and anxiety curves and plasma Beta-EP are discussed in light of psychobiological studies on stress, the opioid system and analgesia. Plasma Met-Enk, according to our findings, should probably not be regarded as a stress hormone. Its rise in the postpartum stage might be as one of the psychoneuroendocrine mechanisms maintaining elevated prolactin levels during lactation.
 ...
PMID:ACTH, beta-endorphin and met-enkephalin: peripheral modifications during the stress of human labor. 299 23

Thirty two male patients undergoing coronary bypass surgery were given low (group A, 0.01 mg/kg bw) and high dose (group B, 0.035 mg/kg bw) fentanyl anaesthesia. Haemodynamic and hormone responses were investigated from the beginning of anaesthesia until extracorporeal circulation (ECC) (group A: n = 16; group B: n = 16). Significant changes in haemodynamics occurred only in group A including an increase in heart rate (36%) and systolic arterial pressure (21%). Plasma vasopressin (ADH) levels rose significantly in both groups after the beginning or surgical procedure which was markedly less pronounced in patients with high fentanyl (group B). In group A (low dose) a second dose of fentanyl was given after sternotomy, which was followed by a significant decrease in ADH (80% from previous value). No significant variations could be demonstrated in plasma levels of cortisol, ACTH, and human growth hormone (HGH). The data stress the importance of plasma-vasopressin-levels in determining the endocrine stress response following trauma and operation. On the other hand there was a lack of correlation between trauma and pain and frequently reported patterns of the endocrine-metabolic stress response.
 ...
PMID:[Significance of endocrine parameters of stress]. 299 19

Maternal and fetal stress response at vaginal delivery were studied in 19 normal parturients at term. Ten patients to whom an epidural block (group EA) had been administered were compared with 9 patients (group NEA) who used only nitrous oxide for pain relief. Plasma concentrations of ACTH, cortisol, 17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone, blood glucose and catecholamines were measured in maternal and umbilical vein blood at delivery and in maternal vein blood 30 minutes after delivery. At delivery maternal plasma concentrations of ACTH, cortisol and catecholamines were lower in the EA group compared with in the NEA group. There were no differences in umbilical plasma concentrations of the studied stress variables between the two groups. A linear relation was demonstrated between maternal and umbilical vein cortisol concentration. In both the EA and NEA group a significant fall in ACTH, 17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone and catecholamine concentrations were demonstrated 30 minutes after delivery, whereas cortisol and blood glucose were virtually unchanged. It was found that epidural anesthesia reduced the maternal stress hormones at delivery but seemed to have little or no effect on the fetal endocrine stress hormones.
 ...
PMID:Maternal and fetal endocrine stress response at vaginal delivery with and without an epidural block. 302 62

Bulimia, a disorder of episodic binging and purging, remains without a known etiology. A case report is presented of a patient who attributed bulimic episodes to efforts at inducing euphoria. Experimental pain tolerance was increased by bulimic vomiting, blocked by naloxone, but not by saline. Vomiting was also associated with falls in depression and anxiety. Plasma ACTH and cortisol, putative markers for beta-endorphin, also rose following vomiting. It is hypothesized that in some bulimics, the disorder arises by virtue of an addiction to one's own internally released endogenous opioid peptides.
 ...
PMID:Bulimic vomiting alters pain tolerance and mood. 303 Sep 47

Endogenous opioid peptides (EOP) participate in a variety of physiological and pharmacological responses that can be recognized by: increased concentrations of EOP in the cerebrospinal fluid; a combination of euphoria and analgesia; and suppression of the responses by specific opiate antagonists. Application of these responses is exemplified in acupuncture, in self-stimulation via hypothalamic electrodes, and in food and fluid consumption. For example, intake of sweet solutions exerts a biphasic effect: in the beginning pain threshold is elevated, but later on tolerance to morphine-induced analgesia develops. A supply of 2% NaCl also stimulates fluid intake as well as raising the pain threshold. Stress-induced analgesia is due to coupled release of ACTH and beta-endorphin from the pituitary. In man, large variations in pain sensitivity may be related to the level of intrinsic EOP.
 ...
PMID:The role of endogenous opioid peptides in physiological and pharmacological reward responses--a survey of present-day knowledge. 303 50

A phase I study of whole body hyperthermia (WBH) (52 treatments/12 patients) utilizing a radiant heat device has been completed. This study incorporated a temperature escalation scheme from 39.5 to 41.8 degrees C for up to 150 min. Pain relief or a sense of well being was observed post-WBH in the first three patients entered in this study. We postulated that WBH might result in increases in the opiate peptide beta-endorphin. Therefore we elected to study prospectively the next six patients entered in this study to test the hypothesis that WBH stimulates the neuroendocrine axis. Results are reported which show thermal-induced increases in plasma levels of beta-endorphin as well as prolactin, ACTH and cortisol.
 ...
PMID:Neuroendocrine changes in patients undergoing whole body hyperthermia. 303 72

Serum corticosterone and cortisol concentrations were determined during pregnancy and at delivery in six normal pregnant women. The concentrations of both steroids increased gradually during pregnancy and in late pregnancy they reached values which were 2.5 times those in early pregnancy. The corticosterone concentration increased rapidly immediately after delivery, the values averaging 6.3 times those at the onset of the first labor pain, whereas the cortisol concentration was only about 2.1 times. Although the corticosterone to cortisol concentration ratio was constantly within the normal range throughout pregnancy until delivery, a significant increase in the ratio was observed immediately after delivery (p less than 0.001). It has been known that adrenal secretion of corticosterone in response to exogenous ACTH occurs prior to that of cortisol. Consequently, our results suggest that the dramatic increase in the corticosterone serum concentration after delivery may be due to some physical stress in terms of labor pains, while the steady increase before labor must be due to physiological organic changes characteristic of pregnancy.
 ...
PMID:[Changes in human serum corticosterone and cortisol during pregnancy, labor and delivery]. 335 63

Central administration of corticotropin-like peptides generally blocks the analgesic action of opiate ligands, yet it is unclear whether this is due to an independent hyperalgesic action of corticotropin or to some other mechanism. Single cells in the ventromedial medulla of the anaesthetized rat were characterized as either excited by noxious stimuli or inhibited. Injections of ACTH(1-24) excited cells that were excited by noxious stimuli and inhibited cells that were inhibited by noxious stimuli. The results support an independent role for corticotropin-like peptides in pain-modulating mechanisms.
 ...
PMID:Effects of ACTH(1-24) on single unit activity in the brainstem of the rat. 343 40


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>