Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0030193 (pain)
 261,466 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Effects of pentobarbital and ether anesthesia on PGD2 contents in brain and plasma levels of compound beta, A.C.TH. epinephrine (E) norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine were investigated in 39 male Wistar strain rats weighing 280-300 g. They were divided into 3 groups: pentobarbital anesthesia group (P.A.), ether anesthesia group (E.A.) and control. Anesthesia or not the rats were decapitated the heads were frozen with liquid nitrogen and PGD2 were extracted and assayed by radioimmunoassay. In the group of P.A. and E.A., PGD2 contents of the brain were decreased by 69.6% and 77.8% of the control group respectively. In the group PA, plasma levels of Comp-beta, ACTH, E and NE were significantly decreased. In the EA group, plasma levels of Comp-beta was not changed but that of ACTH, E and NE were significantly increased. In the EA and PA groups, plasma levels of dopamine were not significantly changed. Intraventricularly injected PGD2 has been reported to induce the natural sleep in rat, increase or decrease the pain threshold and lower the body temperature in rat. On the other hand, intravenous injection of PGD2 has been reported to prolong the duration of pentobarbital anesthesia in rat or changed the EEG pattern to slow wave in cat. Stresses including restrain and foot shock have been reported to increase the PGE2 and PGF2a in the brain of rat. The present findings demonstrate that pentobarbital and ether anesthesia decreased the PGD2 contents in the brain of rat.
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PMID:The effect of pentobarbital and ether anesthesia on rat brain PGD2 content. 261 Feb 92

Twelve patients with a bronchial carcinoid tumor seen over the past 10 years, were retrospectively analyzed. The age, symptoms, smoking habit, previous respiratory conditions, X-ray and extension of the tumor, bronchial endoscopy, treatment and survival were studied. The mean age of these patients was 42.5 years with a male predominance of 2:1. More than half of the patients were smokers (58.3%). The most common symptoms were hemoptysis, costal pain, pneumonia and fever. Two of the patients were asymptomatic (16.6%) and their tumor was detected in a routine health control. Almost half of the patients (41.6%) complained of respiratory symptoms for 3 years previous to diagnosis (mean 7.8 years with a range of 3 to 11 years). 75% of the cases were centrally located. The left lung was most frequently affected (75%). Fiberbronchoscopy was carried out in nine patients; in eight of them the tumor was localized and information was obtained about the segment involved. However, the biopsy was positive in only one case (14.2%). Two patients presented endocrine symptoms with a syndrome similar to the carcinoid. The disease was disseminated with adrenal metastasis in two cases, one of which had also bone and liver metastasis. An immunohistochemical study was performed in eight cases with a positive result for ACTH and calcitonin in one patient. Ten patients were treated with surgery; one with chemotherapy and the other was treated with palliation. Two patients were lost in the follow up period.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Carcinoid tumor of the bronchi. An infrequent tumor. Clinical study of 12 cases]. 267 62

The argument developed in this paper can be outlined as follows: relationships are vital for growth, for adults and especially for children; to ensure that we work to maintain relationships, evolution provided for pain on separation, which stimulates behaviours designed to restore the relationship. If the separation is permanent, it is necessary to form other relationships. This requires modifying the attachment to the lost object, a process which involves unlearning of emotional bonds and then learning new bonds to new objects. The process of mourning and the affective state of grief, I believe, assist in this unlearning and new learning. The stages of mourning involve cognitive learning of the reality of the loss; behaviours associated with mourning, such as searching, embody unlearning by extinction; finally, physiological concomitants of grief may influence unlearning by direct effects on neurotransmitters or neurohormones, such as cortisol, ACTH, or norepinephrine. Besides losses occasioned by bereavement, life and normal development include many other kinds of losses. Mourning for these losses is as necessary as mourning after a death. Failure to adequately mourn can result in psychopathology or psychosomatic illness. In comparison, appropriate mourning is adaptive, and parallels can be drawn between it and healing in psychotherapy. The psychoanalytic and psychotherapeutic literature supports the notion that mourning and grief in therapy act to heal. Given that there may be a biological basis for this healing through the effects of mourning on learning, psychotherapists might actively seek to encourage identification of losses and their adequate mourning in therapy. Various approaches are discussed. Two case reports of mourning occurring in psychotherapy are given, followed by suggestions for research.
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PMID:Mourning and grief as healing processes in psychotherapy. 273 71

Plasma levels of cortisol, ACTH and beta-endorphin like immunoreactivity (beta-ELI) were measured to evaluate postoperative pain relief with epidural morphine and systemic analgesics in conjunction with endocrine functions in 16 patients who underwent gastrectomy. Eight of these patients (epidural morphine group) obtained postoperative analgesia with continuous epidural infusion of morphine with a pump as in our previous report. A bolus of epidural morphine was administered through an indwelling thoracic (Th8,9) catheter at 3 hrs prior to the proposed end of the surgery, which was followed with continuous epidural infusion of morphine at a rate of 0.167-0.042 mg.hr-1 with a pump (CADD-PCA, Model 5200P, Pharmacia) during and after anesthesia and surgery with gradual decrease in dose until the third postoperative day. The remaining eight patients (systemic analgesics group) repeatedly received systemic pentazocine and buprenorphine when needed. Plasma cortisol levels increased significantly at the end of surgery and after in both groups. However plasma concentrations of cortisol in the epidural morphine group were significantly lower than those in the systemic analgesics group on the first and second postoperative days. Plasma levels of ACTH and beta-ELI increased significantly at the end of surgery but returned to levels of the previous day in both groups postoperatively. Our study suggests that continuous epidural infusion of morphine is adequate for postoperative pain relief and has suppressing effect on plasma cortisol levels as compared with systemic analgesics regimen.
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PMID:[Effect of continuous epidural infusion of morphine for postoperative analgesia on pituitary-adrenocortical function]. 277 49

Nine winter swimmer men were exposed to: (A) sauna and ice water immersion; (B) sauna and 15 degrees C shower; (C) sauna and room temperature; (D) head-out ice-water immersion and room temperature. The exposures were repeated and ended with a recumbent recovery. The initial, post-exposure and post-recovery concentrations of plasma ACTH, serum cortisol, serum melatonin, plasma norepinephrine and plasma epinephrine were determined. ACTH and cortisol indicated a slightly increased post-exposure level. Melatonin concentration did not change. Post-exposure norepinephrine levels increased (P less than 0.05) from the initial. Post-exposure epinephrine indicated a tendency to elevated levels with a nearly doubled (P less than 0.05) concentration in experiment A. The tendency toward enhanced ACTH and cortisol secretion and sympathetic activity shown by increased catecholamine secretion suggest that the winter swimming practice may raise the pain threshold and develop a potential for improved cold tolerance, possibly by nonshivering thermogenesis.
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PMID:Some endocrine responses to sauna, shower and ice water immersion. 278 70

Thymopoietin and thymopentin are well characterized polypeptides influencing immunoregulation by several mechanisms. Proposed as a therapy in diseases with major immune abnormalities such as rheumatoid arthritis, thymopentin improved within 2 weeks some clinical parameters as pain and joint swelling. The hypothesis that this spectacular effect could be mediated through interactions with anti-inflammatory (ACTH) and pain relieving (beta-endorphin) hormones producing cells was tested on the rat isolated pituitary cell model. Thymopentin and thymopoietin can enhance in vitro the levels of ACTH, beta-endorphin and beta-lipotropin in a time- and dose-dependent fashion for physiological concentrations ranging from 10(-12) to 10(-8) mol/l. The action on pituitary cells was restricted to those molecules as no changes occurred in LH, FSH, GH, TSH and PRL levels, after otherwise identical experimental conditions.
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PMID:Thymopoietin and thymopentin enhance the levels of ACTH, beta-endorphin and beta-lipotropin from rat pituitary cells in vitro. 282 Jan 73

The purpose of the present study was to assess the repercussion of morphine injected in the intrathecal space on postoperative neuroendocrine response and the correlation with pain relief in the postop period. We studied 50 healthy patients (ASA I-II) submitted to orthopaedic surgery under general anaesthesia (N = 25) or spinal anaesthesia (N = 25). In the group under general anaesthesia we observed a hypersecretion of ADH, ACTH, cortisol and aldosterone during and after surgery. In the group un spinal anaesthesia, it was evident, on the contrary, a blockade of the neuroendocrine response during surgery, as well as an attenuation during postoperative period. Intraoperative and postoperative bleeding with spinal anaesthesia was significantly lower (p less than 0.01; p less than 0.05 respectively) than with general anaesthesia. Postoperative analgesia was excellent in group with spinal anaesthesia; the average duration of analgesia was 16.3 hours. We conclude that small intrathecal doses of morphine have beneficial effects and may be used usefulness in orthopaedic surgery.
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PMID:[A bupivacaine-morphine combination by intrathecal route: correlation between pain relief and postoperative neuroendocrine response]. 285 85

The role of trigeminal nucleus caudalis (Vc) in control of the autonomic and endocrine correlates of nociception was assessed in chloralose-anesthetized cats. Microinjections of the neuroexcitatory agent, L-glutamate (0.5 M), were directed at the marginal layers, at the central magnocellular portion, and at the deep magnocellular portion of Vc. Changes in the plasma concentration of adrenocorticotropin (ACTH), in mean arterial pressure, and in heart rate were examined. Glutamate excitation of neurons within the marginal layers of Vc evoked a significant (+143 +/- 52 pg/ml, P less than 0.01) increase in plasma ACTH during the 10 min postinjection sampling period. Glutamate injections into the deep magnocellular portion of Vc also increased plasma ACTH (+97 +/- 28 pg/ml, P less than 0.05), whereas activation of neurons in the central magnocellular portion of Vc had no consistent effect on plasma ACTH (-25 +/- 29 pg/ml, P greater than 0.10). Arterial pressure increased transiently after glutamate injections into the marginal layers or central magnocellular portion of Vc, whereas injections into the deep magnocellular portion of Vc did not affect arterial pressure. Heart rate increased transiently regardless of the laminar site of injection within Vc. These data indicate that activation of neurons in laminar regions of Vc that process nociceptive information cause an increase in plasma ACTH, whereas activation of neurons in laminae of Vc that process mainly non-nociceptive input have no significant influence on plasma ACTH.
Pain 1988 Jun
PMID:Glutamate activation of neurons within trigeminal nucleus caudalis increases adrenocorticotropin in the cat. 290 7

Effects of electroacupuncture (EA) on pain threshold and beta-endorphin (beta-End) contents in plasma, pituitary (Pit), hypothalamus (Hyp) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were studied in nontreated, dexamethasone (Dex) treated and adrenalectomized (Adrex) male SD rats by the use of specific determination of rat beta-End (combination of HPLC and RIA). EA increased pain threshold and plasma beta-End with no effect on beta-End contents in Pit, Hyp and CSF. Dex did not affect control pain threshold, but tended to reduce EA-induced increase in pain threshold (EA-analgesia, EAA) and EA-induced increase in plasma beta-End. Adrex increased plasma beta-End without change in control pain threshold. Adrex tended to reduce EAA, but a tendency of further increase in plasma beta-End was observed after addition of EA. Adrex increased Pit beta-End, but no further change in Pit beta-End was observed after addition of EA. A positive correlation between plasma beta-End and plasma ACTH was observed in nontreated, Dex treated and Adrex rats. No correlation between plasma beta-End and potency of EAA was observed in nontreated, Dex treated and Adrex rats. The hind-paw pressure test without EA increased plasma beta-End to the same degree as that produced by EA, and it produced no analgesia. These results suggest that Pit beta-End may not be mainly involved in the development of EAA.
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PMID:[Effects of electroacupuncture on beta-endorphin contents in rats]. 293 79

The possibility that nitrous oxide releases endogenous opioid peptides into the circulation has been tested in 10 pain-free, unstressed volunteers breathing 30% nitrous oxide in oxygen. Despite achieving plateau concentrations in venous blood, accompanied by subjective effects, there were no significant changes in plasma concentrations of immunoreactive beta-endorphin, methionine-enkephalin or ACTH. These results indicate that, in the absence of nociceptive input, the effects of the inhalation of nitrous oxide are unrelated to alterations in peripheral concentrations of these endogenous opioid peptides.
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PMID:Nitrous oxide inhalation does not influence plasma concentrations of beta-endorphin or Met-enkephalin-like immunoreactivity. 298 88


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