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Query: UMLS:C0030193 (pain)
 261,466 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A double-blind, random selection comparison was made of the therapeutic effects in acute herpes zoster of (A) 40% idoxuridine (IDU) dissolved in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO), or one of the following ointments: (B) a basis of polyethylene glycol, (C) a basis with 60% DMSO, (D) a basis with 5% IDU and 60% DMSO, and (E) a basis with 40% IDU and 60% DMSO. Each group comprised 20 patients. The patients were evaluated daily until skin healing and then at 1,3, and 6 months by registering 4 neurological signs, 5 clinical evaluations of skin pathology and 4 photographic evaluations of the skin lesions. A 'profile' of the effect of each treatment was computed by calculating normalized means for each of the 13 variables. A non-random distribution of the clinical and photographic variables indicated a statistically significant, but small therapeutic effect of treatment A on skin healing, whereas no convincing effect on pain or sensitivity disturbances was established. Treatments B-E were without positive effects. The information given by the highly interdependent variables were computed for each variable and for groups of variables after appropriate scoring. It was found that the photographic evaluation contributed evidence independent of the clinical evaluation of skin pathology. A multiple correlation analysis revealed that age was positively correlated to the duration of pain and to delayed healing, that rapid healing was intimately connected to no or short-lived pain, and surprisingly that zoster in the trigeminal area healed faster than in other locations without being correlated to less pain. Treatment A must necessarily be reevaluated taking into account proper controls as well as age and affected dermatomes.
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PMID:Treatment of herpes zoster with idoxuridine ointment, including a multivariate analysis of symptoms and signs. 36 65

The most controversial therapeutic agent in the past decade has been dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO), an industrial solvent to which great healing powers have been attributed. After initial laboratory testing, DMSO was rapidly introduced into veterinarian medicine and clinical medicine as an experimental agent with the ability to relieve pain, reduce swelling and edema in trauma, to show anesthetic, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties when applied topically to the skin. Ninety percent DMSO was used alone and in conjunction with alkaloids and antibiotics to test the clinical properties attributed to this drug. Although DMSO was found not to be ototoxic, laboratory and clinical testing which included double blind studies on patients with otological infections demonstrated that DMSO had no antibacterial, anesthetic or anti-inflammatory properties when applied within the external auditory canal. There was no indication that 90% DMSO, when combined with these various preparations, potentiated or acted synergistically to enhance their penetration through the dermal barrier.
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PMID:DMSO in otology. 77 17

Local anesthesia of the intact skin is difficult because of the skin barrier to epicutaneous penetration. Using solutions of local anesthetics in organic agents, which have the ability of penetrating the skin without causing irreversible damage and enhancing the percutaneous absorption of all materials dissolved therein, topical anesthesia seems to be attainable. A satisfactory method for determining pain threshold in uninjured skin of animals has been set up. Measurments of the pricking pain threshold have been made by exposing the skin of guinea-pigs to defined mechanical and electrical stimuli. A nociceptive muscle reflex (twitch) has been taken as the index of pain sensation. The suppression of this twitch has been used as an indicator of anesthetic potency. Two methods have been applied with varying parameters: stimulation at a fixed intensity until the pain threshold was reached (duration of anesthetic effect) and stimulation with increasing stimulus strenght until the cutaneous reflex was elicited (intensity or "depth" of anesthesia). The local anesthetic effects of lidocaine, fomocaine and procaine bases were studied, after dissolving them in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), a wellknown carrier for transmembranal application. The duration of local anesthesia measured by electrical stimuli was longer than that obtained with mechanical ones. Differences are discussed. All results indicate that fomocaine (5%) has a greater local anesthetic potency than procaine (5%) but both are less active than lidocaine (5%). No effect could be seen after application of DMSO alone.
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PMID:[Local anesthesia after percutaneous administration. I]. 103 79

An uncontrolled, double-blind, random-selection study of fifty consecutive patients with attacks of herpes zoster treated with one of two concentrations (5 per cent or 40 per cent) of idoxuridine (IDU) in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) has shown that, over all, the patients fared better than would have been expected had they been treated only symptomatically. There was no apparent difference between the two concentrations of idoxuridine in regard to either side-effects or benefits. In 17 of the fifty patients the skin lesions healed more rapidly than would have been expected without treatment, and pain was relieved more rapidly than expected in 26 of the 47 patients in whom it was a feature of the attack. Side-effects, which included a transient stinging or burning sensation in 29 patients and acute sensitivity to idoxuridine (confirmed by patch-testing) in one, did not lead to withdrawal of any patient from the trial. Three patients complained of an unpleasant, garlicky taste during treatment. No significant abnormalities were noted in liver-function tests and in white-cell or platelet counts in patients in either treatment group. The solutions of idoxuridine in dimethyl sulphoxide were provided by W.B. Pharmaceutical Ltd.
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PMID:Idoxuridine in the treatment of herpes zoster. 110 Dec 47

Mitomycin-C is a commonly used anticancer drug for patients with advanced anal, breast, colorectal, gastric, lung, or pancreatic cancers. Mitomycin-C can cause severe necrosis and ulceration when extravasated inadvertently into skin and soft tissues following IV drug administration. Local applications of heat, ice, and common antidotes such as glucocorticosteroids and hyaluronidase or sodium thiosulfate have failed to reduce the experimental toxicity of these vesicant reactions in mice. Plastic surgery with split-thickness skin grafting may be required to palliate local pain symptoms and loss of function, although some extravasations heal without any local treatment. This brief communication summarizes two case reports of the treatment of severe mitomycin-C venous extravasations using topical applications of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). Although the authors' experience represents the results of DMSO interventions in only two patients, the response to treatment in both patients was so pronounced that others may find this useful in their practice.
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PMID:Case report: topical DMSO for mitomycin-C-induced skin ulceration. 190 66

In a double-blind, randomized, patient-initiated treatment study at five medical centers, 301 immunocompetent patients experiencing a recurrence of herpes labialis were treated with topical 15% idoxuridine (IDU) in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), 80% DMSO control solution, or 2% DMSO control solution. IDU did not prevent the development of lesions but significantly accelerated lesion resolution in comparison with the combined control groups. For the total population, the mean duration of pain was reduced by 1.3 days (35%, P = .01) and the mean healing time to loss of crust by 1.7 days (21%, P = .004). Analysis of subpopulations revealed that the beneficial activity of the treatment was concentrated among the patients who began treatment in the prodrome or erythema lesion stage. For these patients, the mean duration of pain was reduced by 1.8 days (42%, P = .08) and the mean healing time to loss of crust by 3.3 days (38%, P less than .001). If only patients with classic herpes lesions (vesicle, ulcer, or crust formation) were considered, there was a greater drug effect on the duration of pain (reduction by 2.6 days, 49%; P = .03) and the mean healing time to normal skin was significantly shortened (reduction by 2.3 days, 23%; P = .004). Adverse reactions to the medication were minimal.
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PMID:Early application of topical 15% idoxuridine in dimethyl sulfoxide shortens the course of herpes simplex labialis: a multicenter placebo-controlled trial. 215 36

The optimal management of anthracycline extravasation remains unclear. Traditional topical measures to reduce local tissue damage, including corticosteroids, sodium bicarbonate, and ice applications, have not consistently demonstrated beneficial effects. This report describes our experience with four adult patients who suffered anthracycline extravasation and were treated with a regimen of ice, local glucocorticoid injection, and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) 55%-99% applied topically every 2-4 h after extravasation for a minimum of 3 days. In all four cases, pain and erythema resolved within 2 days; in no case did tissue necrosis or skin ulceration occur. Topical DMSO is a safe, inexpensive agent that appears to reduce the risk of anthracycline-induced tissue damage. Further studies are needed to determine the optimal dose and schedule of DMSO application and to assess its efficacy in extravasation injuries from other vesicants.
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PMID:Topical dimethylsulfoxide may prevent tissue damage from anthracycline extravasation. 270 38

Twenty patients with extravasation of anthracyclines were treated on a single-arm pilot study with topical 99% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and observed for 3 months with regular examinations and photographs. DMSO was applied to approximately twice the area affected by the extravasation and allowed to air dry. This was repeated every six hours for 14 days. The initial signs of extravasation included swelling in 17 patients, erythema in 15, and pain in 12. The median area of damage was 8.25 cm2 and a median of 25 minutes elapsed between extravasation and application of DMSO with one patient not treated until seven days postextravasation. Sixteen patients were observed for 3 months, two died of disease earlier after receiving 2 weeks of DMSO and three days of DMSO, respectively, and two were lost to follow-up having received one day and five days of DMSO. In no patient did extravasation progress to ulceration or require surgical intervention, suggesting with 95% confidence a true ulceration rate of between 1% and 17%. At 3 months there was no sign of residual damage in six patients, while a pigmented indurated area remained in ten. Two patients had a recall reaction with increased pain at the extravasation site when further intravenous (IV) doxorubicin was administered. The only toxicities of DMSO included a burning feeling on application subsequently associated with itch, erythema, and mild scaling. Blisters occurred in four patients. Six patients reported a characteristic breath odor associated with DMSO. Topical DMSO appears to be a safe and effective treatment for anthracycline extravasation.
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PMID:A prospective study of topical dimethyl sulfoxide for treating anthracycline extravasation. 318 3

Topical application of a local anesthetic agent can induce adequate insensibility to pain, and therefore can avoid the use of general anesthesia or invasive infiltration techniques for myringotomy or the insertion of a tympanostomy tube. A comparative study was conducted on a guinea pig animal model to determine the effects of three agents on the structure of the tympanic membrane: 5% tetracaine base dissolved in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), pure DMSO, and Bonain's solution. Survival times ranged from 1 day to 3 months. Following removal from the animals, membranes were embedded in Spurr and cut in semithin sections. Signs of mild or severe external otitis were frequent; to avoid non-specific results, infected specimens were not evaluated. Bonain's solution caused loss of the epidermis and mucosal epithelium within 1 day of treatment. The connective tissue layers of the drum were severely hyperplastic after a survival time of 1 month. Tetracaine base in DMSO caused a loss of epithelium and mucosal cells in 3 days. Regeneration started within 7 days and a restitution to integrity was seen after 3 months in drums treated with tetracaine base or DMSO alone.
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PMID:Effects of topical anesthetics on tympanic membrane structure. 334 54

An attempt was made to improve the perception of pain and touch sensations at the leprosy lesions. The loss of pain and touch sensations in a lesion was graded using Pain/Touch-Sensation-Testing-and-Grading devices. Application of a solution containing 1 mg of histamine per ml of DMSO, at the affected area decreased the grades of the loss of pain sensation in 11 (31.4%) patients and of touch sensation in 8 (22.8%) patients, out of the 35 patients tested, indicating an improvement in the perception at the lesion. This effect, however, did not persist even for 5 minutes. A higher concentration (2 mg/ml) of histamine produced reduction in the sensory loss in a larger percentage (47% for pain and 35.3% for touch) of patients, though the duration of this effect was still not prolonged.
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PMID:An attempt to reduce the loss of pain and touch sensations in leprosy patients. 380 94


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