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Query: UMLS:C0030193 (pain)
 261,466 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Mechanical probes of various sizes and shapes were used to determine thresholds for the perception of pressure, sharpness, and pain on the human finger. As force increased, perception changed from dull pressure to sharp pressure to sharp pain. With the smallest probe (0.01 mm2), sharpness threshold was very close to pressure threshold. As probe size increased, sharpness and pain threshold expressed in terms of force) increased in proportion to probe circumference (not probe area), whereas pressure threshold increased relatively little. Pain and sharpness thresholds also increased as probe angle became obtuse. There was a statistically significant increase in both thresholds with a probe angle change of 15 degrees. Thus, both size and shape are necessary to describe a mechanical stimulus adequately, and pressure (force/area) is not a sufficient metric for pain studies. Thresholds varied at different skin sites on the finger. The dorsal surface had lower thresholds than the volar surface, but the difference between the two areas was not always statistically significant. The compliance of the skin (e.g., the amount of indentation produced by a given force) exhibited no relation to sharpness or pain threshold, whether considered within subjects at various skin sites, or across subjects at the same skin site. Comparison of the perceptual thresholds with the thresholds for nociceptors determined in electrophysiological studies indicates that the sensation of nonpainful sharpness is likely to be mediated by nociceptors. Furthermore, considerably more than threshold activation of nociceptors is necessary for normal pain perception.
Somatosens Mot Res 1991
PMID:Stimulus features relevant to the perception of sharpness and mechanically evoked cutaneous pain. 188 24

One of the basic teachings of Aikido is known as Yonkyo (Fourth Teaching) or Tekubi-Osae (Wrist Securing). According to some Aikido master teachers, Yonkyo is designed to attack the opponent's weak points. This investigation focused on examining this teaching with the purpose of describing the anatomical tissues involved in the etiology of pain when this teaching is applied precisely. Particular focus was placed on the anatomical locations/sources of pain associated with the application of this teaching.
Percept Mot Skills 1990 Dec
PMID:An examination of Aikido's Fourth Teaching: an anatomical study of the tissues of the forearm. 208 58

As part of their evaluation, an EMG muscle scanning procedure was conducted on 100 patients enrolled in a pain program for in-patients. The left and right aspects of 11 muscle sites were monitored in the sitting and standing postures. Correlations between muscle region and average total muscle tension suggest that the lower and upper back muscles were the most highly related to their total tension. These results do not appear to be the results of statistical artifact and the correlations do not seem redundant. Further analyses identified the T10 paraspinals muscle site as most highly correlated with their total tension. These findings are preliminary and experiments are needed to confirm or repudiate the hypothesis that there is a key muscle. Investigators are encouraged to look to the back musculature for training generalized relaxation.
Percept Mot Skills 1990 Jun
PMID:Correlations between muscle regions and average total muscle activity: support for the back. 214 11

The authors have realized this surgical procedure upon 68 patients from 1978 to 1987. The fusion was badly tolerated or initiated a decompensation in the lumbar spine, in the knees, or in the opposite hip. This type of arthroplasty is difficult because the usual anatomical marks are changed and a pre-operative schedule is necessary to restore a satisfactory abductor strength. Special implants are needed to fit the frequent femoral dystrophies. 57 patients (62 hips) have been reviewed four to five years after operation. The functional improvement was important in the lumbar spine, not as much in the knees and in the opposite hip. The result upon the operated hip was satisfying for the mobility (average flexion: 78 degrees) and for the pain which disappeared apart from scarce complications. But, the stability was not as good with 20 per cent insufficiencies of the gluteus medius, implying for these patients the use of a walking-stick, the impossibility of standing on one leg, and the Trendelenburg sign. The state of the gluteus medius is the condition of a successful operation. The electromyogram performed before the operation may show a denervation; in this case, a choice must be done between an osteotomy of femoral correction and an arthroplasty implying a risk of instability which would be said to the patient.
Rev Chir Orthop Reparatrice Appar Mot 1990
PMID:[Arthroplasty of the hip after bone fusion. Report of 13 cases]. 214 78

Twenty seven children and adolescents with severe lombo-sacral spondylolisthesis (degre III and IV) were operated using an original procedure of reduction and fixation. It is a two stages procedure, in the same session. Through a posterior approach, the sciatic roots are released and two long screws are set through the sacrum. An anterior approach allows a progressive reduction using a bended plate fixed with the protruded long screws, and an anterior arthrodesis. Results were evaluated with a three years mean follow-up. Clinical results were excellent on pain and on the morphological aspect of the trunk. There were four cases of residual weakness in the L5 motor distribution. This complication can be avoided by a good preparation before the procedure and precise post-operative care. The anterior displacement was improved from 77 per cent to 11 per cent. The angular lombosacral kyphosis from -23 degrees (kyphosis) to + 11 degrees (lordosis). The initial fears in the early experience, about the risks of kyphosis or slipping of the L4-L5 level have not been proved.
Rev Chir Orthop Reparatrice Appar Mot 1990
PMID:[Large-displacement spondylolisthesis in children and adolescents. Results of reduction-arthrodesis with front plates]. 214 80

Cystic lesions of the calcaneus are almost always benign solitary bone cysts. They are in most cases asymptomatic; the need for surgery being diagnostic. The purpose with this study was to precisize the indications for surgical treatment of these lesions. We analyzed 11 cases of cystic lesions of the calcaneus. Two patients had atypical radiographs, four had symptoms and in 7 patients the lesion was found accidentally. Five patients underwent surgery. The histological findings in three cases with typical radiographs was solitary bone cyst and in the two cases with atypical radiographs respectively chondromyxoid fibroma and fibrous dysplasia. We made a solitary observation of raised intracystal pressure in one symptomatic patient with a solitary bone cyst. Asymptomatic cystic lesions of the calcaneus can safely be treated by simple observation if they fill the criterias for a typical solitary bone cyst of the calcaneus. Atypical cysts should be biopsied. Persisting pain is also an indication for surgery. Elevated intracystal pressure can contribute in the pathophysiological mechanisms producing pain.
Rev Chir Orthop Reparatrice Appar Mot 1990
PMID:[Cysts of the calcaneus, diagnosis and treatment]. 215 Jul 12

13 subjects were trained in biofeedback and self-regulation strategies for reducing chronic pain. Upon demonstrating ability to hand warm, subjects were exposed to an imagery exercise designed to increase skin temperature at trigger-point sites, which are small tender irritative foci located in the soft tissue. Skin temperature, tissue compliance, and pressure-pain sensitivity were recorded before and after imagery intervention. Subjects showed significant increases in skin temperature and muscle relaxation at trigger-point sites and decreases in pressure-pain sensitivity. This suggests that localized trigger-point warming may be an effective adjunct in treating chronic pain.
Percept Mot Skills 1990 Dec
PMID:Effects of warming imagery aimed at trigger-point sites on tissue compliance, skin temperature, and pain sensitivity in biofeedback-trained patients with chronic pain: a preliminary study. 215 Aug 81

19 patients between 23 and 65 yr. of age whose chronic back pain was caused by lumbosacral disk disease and 19 healthy volunteers matched for age and sex were studied. Pain thresholds under phasic and tonic heat stimulation and thermal thresholds for warmth and cold were measured on the right hand. The patients rated any current back pain on a visual analog scale. There was a significant negative correlation between current back pain and the threshold for tonic pain, but there was no correlation between current back pain and either the threshold for phasic pain or temperature sensitivity. Hence, current back pain and experimental tonic pain seem to have an additive effect on pain perception because perceptual qualities are similar. Reduced somatosensory perception of chronic back pain patients could be demonstrated for temperature sensitivity and to a lesser degree for phasic pain, but as a consequence of the "opposing" effect of current back pain, not for tonic pain perception.
Percept Mot Skills 1990 Dec
PMID:Effects of chronic back pain on the perception of experimental heat pain. 215 Aug 82

Lateral lumbar disc herniations (L.D.H.) develop in the foramen, and compress the nerve root against the overlying vertebral pedicle. In our study of L.D.H. from the clinical, radiographical, and therapeutical aspects, we reviewed 23 cases selected from the 590 patients treated for discal herniation from 1984 to 1987. The frequency of L.D.H. in this series was 3.8 per cent. The clinical pattern brings out some suggestive signs of L.D.H. (frequency of cruralgia, a seldom very positive Lasegue's test, the paucity of spinal signs, non impulsive pain). Saccoradiculography and discography rarely evidenced the L.D.H.. The T.D.M. was the investigation of choice on condition that it was correctly used. When the image was doubtful, disco-CT confirmation should be proceeded too. This latter method of investigation enabled the possibility of sequestration to be explored. 14 patients were treated by chemonucleolysis, with 9 successful outcomes. The 5 failures were cases where chemonucleolysis should not have been indicated, mainly due to associated osseous stenosis. 9 patients underwent immediate surgery with good results in each case.
Rev Chir Orthop Reparatrice Appar Mot 1990
PMID:[Lateral lumbar disk hernia]. 215 75

The authors have observed 13 cases of ruptures of the tibialis posterior tendon. Two types were described: either sudden and frank ruptures after traumas in younger patients or progressive ruptures in older patients, of degenerative origin. Clinical examination was based on the isometric test of the tibialis posterior, either after an acute trauma or in valgus painful progressive flat feet. The diagnosis was confirmed mainly by CT scan. Eleven cases were operated on, several techniques being used: suture (4 cases) resection (4 cases) plastic transfers or plastic operations (4 cases). The results were analysed according to the strength of the muscle, the ability to stand on the tip of the foot with inversion of the heel and resume of the previous sports. The pain disappeared 4 to 6 months after surgery. The results were satisfactory in nine cases. However the shape of the foot could not be completely restored and the use of a foot support had to be continued.
Rev Chir Orthop Reparatrice Appar Mot 1990
PMID:[Ruptures of the tibialis posterior tendon. A clinical and therapeutic study apropos of 13 cases]. 215 77


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