Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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 261,466 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Recent information regarding the increased risk of urinary tract infections in the first year of life for uncircumcised boys has created confusion regarding the appropriate guidance to be given to parents confronting the circumcision issue. A decision model was built that addressed the question of whether or not to circumcise a newborn male considering the probability of a non-circumcised boy having a UTI in the first year of life (0.041), the probability of a circumcised boy having a UTI in the first year of life (0.002), and the likelihood of renal scarring from a UTI (0.075). After considering the morbidity associated with the procedure, all possible outcomes were ranked from worst to best (circumcised-renal pathology to uncircumcised-no infection) and given a value on a 0 to 1 scale. For the set of values assigned to the outcomes, the choice of no circumcision yielded the highest expected utility. For the set of assigned utilities, sensitivity analysis showed that unless the probability of a UTI in the first year of life for an uncircumcised male was greater than or equal to 0.29, then non-circumcision was still the preferred choice. The decision was most sensitive to the degree of aversion to the morbidity associated with the procedure (pain, bleeding, inflammation).
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PMID:Circumcision: is the risk of urinary tract infection really the pivotal issue? 154 71

Two hundred and seventy-six hospitalized patients with severe infection (complicated UTI, pneumonia, skin and soft tissue infection or septicaemia) were randomly allocated to receive either 1g or 2g cefpirome bd. Two hundred and seventy-four patients were evaluable for tolerance, 210 for bacteriological efficacy. The two groups were similar in terms of underlying disease, age, sex, and general condition on admission. The overall clinical and bacteriological response rates were 97/103 (94%) and 68/76 (90%) respectively in the 1g group, compared with 102/107 (95%) and 67/71 (94%) in the 2g group. There was no significant difference between the treatment groups. Eighteen adverse events, possibly or probably drug related, were reported (7 in the 1g group, 11 in the 2g group). This resulted in discontinuation of therapy in four cases (two in each group). Fourteen of the adverse events were local (five receiving 1g, nine receiving 2g), mainly phlebitis or pain at the injection site. Thirteen patients died during the study period (up to 14 days after the last dose) but in no case was death attributed to cefpirome. A review of routine laboratory parameters revealed no abnormalities which could definitely be attributed to cefpirome although in four cases a relationship was considered possible; these included two increases in serum creatinine, one increase in SGPT, and one episode of neutropenia. Cefpirome administered as 1 or 2g twice daily was a well tolerated, effective agent for the treatment of severe sepsis in hospitalized patients.
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PMID:Prospective randomized phase II study of intravenous cefpirome 1g or 2g bd in the treatment of hospitalized patients with different infections. Cefpirome Study Group. 160 64

During a 15-year period 29 patients were treated for unilateral multicystic kidney. The diagnosis was obtained from antenatal ultrasonography in 17 cases, investigation of an abdominal mass at routine palpation in 10, UTI investigation in 1 and uraemia investigation in 1. Eleven patients had associated malformations. Further investigations included ultrasonography, intravenous pyelography, micturition uretrocystography and in a few cases computed tomography and Dimercapto-succinic acid (DMSA) scan. Percutaneous pyelography was performed in 9 cases. Twenty-six children were operated on and 3 were not operated, of which 1 with severe cardiac malformations, died. The age at operation was under 6 months in 14 cases and between 6 and 12 months in 8. Four children developed hypertension preoperatively but the hypertension disappeared within 1 week postoperatively in all cases. The indication for surgery in unilateral multicystic kidney seems to be clear if the patient is symptomatic. In the asymptomatic patient, the complications of a remaining multicystic kidney like hypertension, malignancy, infection and pain suggest a surgical approach at around 6 months of age.
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PMID:Surgery in unilateral multicystic kidney. 223 49

To objectively evaluate the efficacy, safety and utility of lomefloxacin (NY-198), a new quinolone antibacterial agent, in the treatment of acute uncomplicated cystitis, a comparative double blind trial was performed using norfloxacin (NFLX) as the control drug. In both groups, the drug was orally administered after meals for 3 days in a dose of 100 mg t.i.d. and clinical efficacies were assessed on the 3rd day (the 1st assessment) according to the criteria by the UTI Committee in Japan. Subsequently, either the active drug (NY-198 or NFLX) or placebo was administered for 4 days and the 2nd assessment was performed on the 7th day. Further, in patients who showed excellent responses at the 2nd assessment, recurrence was examined on the 14th day (the 3rd assessment) and on around the 21st day (the 4th assessment) following a subsequent 7-day placebo treatment. 1. A total of 258 patients was treated, and among them clinical efficacies were evaluable in 207 patients (NY-198: 106, NFLX: 101) at the 1st assessment, and in 176 patients (NY-198-NY-198 which was the combination of the 1st and 2nd administrations: 47, NY-198-placebo: 43, NFLX-NFLX: 44, NFLX-placebo: 42). 2. In the evaluation of overall clinical efficacy by the committee at the 1st assessment, the overall efficacy rates in the NY-198 group and the NFLX group were 76.4% and 64.4% (excellent), respectively, or 100% and 99.0% (excellent and good), respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups. In the 1st assessment on effects of drugs on pain at micturition, pyuria and bacteriuria and on bacteriological response, no significant differences were observed between the 2 groups. 3. In the 2nd assessment by the committee, there were statistically significant differences among the 4 groups in the overall clinical efficacies and the effects on bacteriuria (P less than 0.05). No difference was observed between NY-198 group and NFLX group, but the groups administered with active drug for 7 days, i.e. NY-198-NY-198 group and NFLX-NFLX group were significantly superior to the groups administered with active drug for 3 days and placebo for subsequent 4 days, i.e. NY-198-placebo group and NFLX-placebo group (P less than 0.05). There were no differences in the effects on pain at micturition and pyuria among the 4 groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[A comparative study on lomefloxacin and norfloxacin in the treatment of acute uncomplicated cystitis]. 267 24

Recurrence rate and symptoms after chemotherapy against acute uncomplicated cystitis (AUC) were studied. Upon completion of a 7-day treatment with two regimens, one of CEX alone (Group C) and the other of a combination of CEX with Lysozyme (Neuzym) (Group L), at a dose of 1 g CEX daily, efficacy of the drugs was assessed according to the criteria established by the UTI Study Group. The forty one cases in Group C and 38 cases in Group L showing an excellent response were evaluated for recurrence. The rates of recurrence were 12.2% in Group C and 21.1% in Group L during the first 7 days after treatment. In recurrent cases, bacteriuria was seen in 84.6% (11/13), pyuria in 53.8% (7/13) and miction pain in 30.8% (4/13). Thus, bacteriuria and pyuria should be the items of the criteria for AUC recurrence.
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PMID:[Clinical studies on recurrence of acute uncomplicated cystitis]. 638 65

The evaluation of a 10-day 3 x 800 mg dosage regimen was equivalent for bacampicillin to oral ampicillin therapy (using 3 or 4 g respectively per day) in patients with primary UTI (n = 50) in clinical and bacteriological respect. The cure rate amounted to 69 and 68,4% respectively 2 days after therapy. No differences could be assessed after a 2-, 4- and 6-week period. Frequency of diarrhoea was 3 times as high in the ampicillin group as in the bacampicillin group. The rate of exanthema was also 2,5 times as high. No differences existed between eosinophilia and pain complaints in the upper gastrointestinal tract. 10 patients with liver function disturbances and renal impairment respectively tolerated well bacampicillin treatment. Only in the patients with impaired liver function rise of BUN and urea was found in 3 cases, not related to rise of creatinine.
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PMID:[Bacampicillin in urinary tract infections tolerance in patients with impaired kidney and liver function]. 639 71

Renal ptosis is the caudal acquired displacement of one or both of the kidneys, with different degree and etiology, considered as a urological pathology because of its urodynamic changes and, in the last years, almost completely neglected. The aim of the work is to research a parenchymal involvement, through a close examination of our outpatient record of cases, compared with data from the literature about renal ptosis. The literature reports the largest incidence in females; in our record of cases, instead, the incidence is nearly the same. Second degree ptosis is the most frequent, but, in females, bilateral ptosis is prevalent (77%). We agree with the literature about urinary symptoms; actually, the most of the patients shows urinary colics or lumbar pain. We also noticed UTI (62%), urinary lithiasis (26%) and pyelocalyceal ectasia (46%). A lot of patients suffer from microscopic haematuria (77%) and, in 12%, we noticed gross haematuria. Hypertension affects about half of the patients (46%) and proteinuria too (42%). Echography highlights a reduced cortex (12%), cysts (14%) and other changes (8%). GFR is decreased in 30% of cases, to a different degree. The patients show different changes, according to their age. In conclusion, considering that the incidence and the anatomic and functional changes are remarkable, we think it opportune to take renal ptosis into account as a cause of chronic renal damage, also because it is included among the causes of obstructive nephrophaty, which according to some researches, can cause severe glomerular and tubular-intestinal changes, triggered off by a short urinary stasis and evident in the controlateral kidney too.
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PMID:[Renal ptosis: nephrologic consequences of an organ malposition]. 770 5

In countries where population-based data on health problems are scarce, the extent of reproductive morbidity can be estimated from replies in structured interviews as a complement or as an alternative to reports from physician's examination and laboratory tests. We examined the sensitivity and specificity of detected morbidity based on these replies as compared to medical diagnoses and explored the consistency of replies when the questionnaire was administered twice, by two types of interviewers in different environments. Data were collected in a cross-sectional survey in Istanbul. The presence or absence of five morbidities, reproductive and urinary tract infections (RTI and UTI), menstrual disorders, pelvic relaxation and anaemia was determined by algorithms based on the replies, and by the physician's diagnosis. Except with anaemia, questionnaire replies were more specific than sensitive in detecting morbidity, probably partly due to many morbid conditions being accepted as normal. Sepcificity exceeded 80% for home reports of menstrual disorders (93.0%), pelvic relaxation (95.7%), RTI (abnormal discharge and pain) (81.2%) and UTI (80.7%), with the corresponding figure for anaemia at 41.7%; the best sensitivity results were for anaemia (58.3%), RTI (abnormal discharge only) (49.3%) and menstrual disorders (45.4%) with figures for pelvic relaxation and UTI reaching only 17.3 and 13.0%. Reliability between the interviews (assessed by the K coefficient), was highest at 66.1% for pelvic relaxation and lowest at 39.9% for menstrual disorders. Reliability varied between the two lay interviewers, suggesting the interviewer and the interview conditions are important. Questionnaire-based information on this type of morbidity is most useful for ascertaining perceived ill-health and only of limited use for the corresponding medically defined conditions.
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PMID:Asking questions about women's reproductive health: validity and reliability of survey findings from Istanbul. 901 2

An intramuscular preparation of imipenem/cilastatin (IPM/CS, 500 mg/500 mg) was administered to 59 patients with complicated urinary tract infections (UTI; cystitis and pyelonephritis) to evaluate its efficacy and safety. The obtained results are summarized as follows: In patients with cystitis, evaluations based on daily frequencies of administration were also performed. 1) According to the treating doctors, the drug showed an overall efficacy rate of 80% (45/56 patients). The efficacy rate was 89% in patients with cystitis treated by a u.i.d. regimen. Among patients treated by a b.i.d. regimen, the efficacy rate was 67% for cystitis cases and 84% for pyelonephritis cases. 2) When clinical efficacy was assessed according to the criteria for UTI drug efficacy evaluation, the drug was 'markedly effective' in 14 patients, 'effective' in 23, and ineffective in 11 patients, for an efficacy rate of 77% (37/48 patients). 3) The microbiological eradication rate was 88% (59/67 strains). The rate was 95% (20/21 strains) for Gram-positive bacteria and 85% (39/46 strains) for Gram-negative bacteria. The efficacy for Enterobacter faecalis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was 100% and 73%, respectively. 4) As side effects, pain at the injection site was reported by one patient and abnormal laboratory test values were observed in 2 patients. All of these reactions were mild and resolved shortly after the completion of treatment. Based on these findings, it is concluded that this intramuscular preparation of IPM/CS is effective for treating complicated urinary tract infections.
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PMID:[Efficacy and safety of intramuscular imipenem/cilastatin (IPM/CS) for complicated urinary tract infections]. 974 8

Twenty-four hollow ITI implants (four screws, and 20 cylinders) were retrieved because of failure, and evaluated in our laboratory, in a eight-year period (1989-1996), to see if a common cause could be observed in this implant design. No selection of these implants was carried out, and they represented the total number of implants of this type received in the above-mentioned time frame. The implants had been inserted by several different clinicians and were received from four universities and a private practice. The implants had been removed for mobility, pain, and presence of a vertical bone loss. About two-thirds of the implants were unstable in the jaw at the time of retrieval. Twenty implants had been used as single implants restoration and four in bridge reconstructions. Most of our specimens showed that the inflammatory process had reached the hollow portion of the implants. The following microscopical features were present in almost all our specimens: calculus and plaque on the coronal portion of the implant surface, presence of proliferating epithelium and of bone sequestra, and presence of bone apically to the inflammatory process. Perhaps, when the inflammatory process reaches the implant hollow portion, the infection runs a more rapid course due to the scarce vascularity of the bone inside this part.
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PMID:A microscopical evaluation of 24 retrieved failed hollow implants. 1020 91


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