Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0030193 (pain)
 261,466 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The clinical effects of a new anti-viral 9-(2-hydroxymethoxymethyl) guanine (Aciclovir) against Herpes virus infections have been investigated. The patients had malignant tumours or auto-immune disease complicated by shingles and chicken pox due to Vaicella zoster virus (VZV) (43 cases), Herpes simplex virus (HSV) (10 cases) and 9 cases which were clinically diagnosed as Herpes, though the virus was not confirmed as the causative agent. As a general principle the dosage of Aciclovir was 5 mg/kg, t. i. d. for 5 days by slow intravenous infusion. The clinically effective rate against VZV was 93%, being excellent in 42% and against HSV it was 80%, being excellent in 40% and when the results of the cases of unknown origin were included it was excellent in 40% and the cumulative effective rate was 88%. Concerning the efficacy in reduction of pain, swelling, disappearance of vesicles and new scab formation, the effect was most noticeable after the third day of treatment. Treatment given early in the disease is likely to provide better results. Concerning side effects, one of 62 patients had proteinuria and the other had a drug rash and an abnormal liver function test. It is likely that the combination of treatment and the primary disease had some influence, but the cause/effect relationship to Aciclovir treatment is not clear.
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PMID:[The clinical effects of a new antiviral 9-(2-hydroxyethoxymethyl) guanine (aciclovir) against herpes virus infections]. 634 78

In a double-blind, randomised trial, immune-competent adults with acute herpes zoster received either 5 mg/kg acyclovir (17) or placebo (20) intravenously three times daily. Acyclovir significantly improved rash development, as evidenced by reducing the time of new lesion formation and the times to vesicle collapse and full crusting. Pain at the end of treatment and at three months was less in the treated group but the difference was not statistically significant. Ocular involvement was not affected.
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PMID:Intravenous acyclovir in acute herpes zoster infection. 634 77

Acyclovir given intravenously in either low dose (5 mg/kg every 8 h) or high dose (500 mg/m2 every 8 h) significantly reduced pain and accelerated skin healing in acute herpes zoster occurring in otherwise healthy adults. The higher dose also significantly reduced the duration of viral shedding. No significant effect on post-herpetic neuralgia could be demonstrated, although the higher dose showed a promising trend. No adverse effects were associated with the lower dose, but acyclovir at 500 mg/m2 resulted in nausea, vomiting and transiently elevated serum creatinine in a substantial number of patients.
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PMID:Acyclovir in shingles. 635 47

A multicenter trial of Acyclovir was carried out in 50 immunodepressed patients. The dose used was 15 mg/kg/day for 5 days in herpes simplex and 30 mg/kg/day for 10 days in herpes zoster and chicken pox by three one-hourly intravenous infusion per day. Acyclovir had a clear cut effect in 42 cases, a partial effect in 1 case, no effect in 1 case, and its action could not be assessed in 6 cases. The cutaneous and mucous membrane lesions were stabilised after an average of two days' treatment, and regression was observed from the third day. Of the 21 cases of zoster, 15 were cured without sequellae and 5 with post-zoster pain. The treatment failed in one patient. Of the 21 cases of cutaneous and/or mucous membrane herpes simplex, 20 satisfactory and 1 partial result were obtained. The outcomes of the 2 cases of chicken pox were favourable. There were three relapses after the end of therapy (2 herpes simplex, 1 zoster) but their outcomes were favourable after a second course of Acyclovir. In 20 cases it was possible to maintain the immuno-suppressive therapy. General tolerance was satisfactory.
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PMID:[Efficacy and tolerability of acyclovir in immunosuppressed patients with herpes simplex, herpes zoster or cutaneomucous chicken-pox. Multicenter trial apropos of 50 cases]. 636 84

Acyclovir, a new antiviral agent, was compared to a placebo in a randomized double-blind trial of treatment for culture-proven herpes simplex virus infection after marrow transplantation. Patients received either intravenous acyclovir at 750 mg/m2 body surface area per day or a placebo for 7 days. Thirteen of 17 patients given acyclovir had a beneficial response as compared with two of 17 given the placebo (p less than 0.01). The duration of positive cultures was shorter among acyclovir recipients (3 versus 17 days, p less than 0.00005). Also shorter were the median days to resolution of pain (10 versus 16 days, p = 0.03), to crusting of lesions (7 versus 14 days, p = 0.01), and to total healing (14 versus 28 days, p = 0.03). No acyclovir toxicity was observed. Recurrent infection was common. Acyclovir provided significant antiviral and clinical efficacy without toxicity in highly immunosuppressed patients but had no effect on virus latency.
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PMID:Intravenous acyclovir to treat mucocutaneous herpes simplex virus infection after marrow transplantation: a double-blind trial. 703 16

Three patients in whom herpes zoster infections developed following bone marrow transplantation were treated with acyclovir. The patients experienced pain relief within 24 hours of starting treatment. The progression of their skin lesions halted within 1, 2, and 4 days of therapy, respectively, and healed completely within two weeks of therapy. Pharmacokinetic studies indicated that acyclovir plasma concentration-time profiles approximated biexponential equations. The drug half-lives were 3.91, 3.83, and 3.40 hours, respectively. Acyclovir was not myelotoxic and may be helpful in aborting varicella-zoster virus infections in bone marrow transplant recipients.
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PMID:Acyclovir treatment of herpes zoster infections. Use in children undergoing bone marrow transplantation. 703 77

Intravenous acyclovir was evaluated in the treatment of 97 immunocompromised patients with mucocutaneous herpes simplex virus infection in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Acyclovir recipients had significantly shorter periods of virus shedding (p less than 0.0002) and lesion pain (p less than 0.01), and more rapid lesion scabbing (p less than 0.004) and lesion healing (p less than 0.04). The most common adverse reaction was a low incidence of peripheral vein irritation; no serious toxicity could be definitely attributed to acyclovir treatment even in these seriously ill patients. Intravenous acyclovir offers both safe and effective treatment for mucocutaneous herpes simplex virus infection in the immunocompromised host.
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PMID:Multicenter collaborative trial of intravenous acyclovir for treatment of mucocutaneous herpes simplex virus infection in the immunocompromised host. 704 14

Forty-three immunocompromised patients with progressive cutaneous herpes simplex virus infections were studied in a double-blind, placebo-controlled evaluation of topically applied acyclovir. Patients were randomized and 22 received acyclovir and 21 placebo; medications were applied four times daily for 10 days. Both study populations were balanced for all demographic characteristics. Acyclovir therapy resulted in no median differences in time to total healing compared with placebo responses, p = 0.13. However, those patients who received the acyclovir ceased shedding virus more rapidly, p less than 0.001, and lost pain more readily, p = 0.04, than placebo counterparts. Neither group experienced adverse effects. Because of the protracted nature of mucocutaneous herpes simplex infections in these patients, the immunocompromised host provides a good model for evaluation of topical antiviral therapy.
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PMID:Mucocutaneous herpes simplex virus infections in immunocompromised patients. A model for evaluation of topical antiviral agents. 704 15

Sixty-nine patients with first episodes and 111 with recurrent episodes of genital herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection were enrolled in a double-blind trial comparing a 5 percent topical acyclovir ointment versus placebo, polyethylene glycol (PEG). Among acyclovir recipients with first episodes of genital herpes, the mean duration of viral shedding from genital lesions, 2.0 days, mean duration of local pain or itching, 3.6 days, and mean time to healing of lesions, 11.2 days, were less than in placebo recipients 4.6, 6.7, and 15.8 days, respectively (p less than 0.05 for each comparison). Among patients with recurrent genital herpes, the mean duration of viral shedding from genital lesions was 0.8 days in acyclovir recipients compared with 1.7 days in placebo recipients (p less than 0.001). Among men with recurrent genital herpes, the mean time to crusting and healing of lesions was 3.5 and 7.5 days in acyclovir recipients compared with 5.0 and 9.7 days in placebo recipients, p = 0.03 and 0.07, respectively. No significant differences in the duration of symptoms or healing times were noted between acyclovir- and placebo-treated women with recurrent genital herpes. Acyclovir therapy was not associated with a decrease in frequency of clinical recurrences or an increase in the time of the next recurrence in patients with either first or recurrent genital herpes. Topical acyclovir appears effective in shortening some of the clinical manifestations of genital HSV infections.
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PMID:Double-blind controlled trial of topical acyclovir in genital herpes simplex virus infections. 704 19

Acyclovir treatment of acute herpes zoster speeds rash healing and decreases pain and ocular complications. The limited oral bioavailability of acyclovir necessitates frequent dosing. Valaciclovir, the l-valyl ester of acyclovir, is rapidly and almost completely converted to acyclovir in vivo and gives three- to fivefold increases in acyclovir bioavailability. In a randomized, double-blind, multicenter study, the safety and efficacy of oral valaciclovir given at a dosage of 1,000 mg three times daily for 7 or 14 days and oral acyclovir given at a dosage of 800 mg five times daily for 7 days were compared in immunocompetent adults aged > or = 50 years with herpes zoster. Patients were evaluated for 6 months. The intent-to-treat analysis (1,141 patients) showed that valaciclovir for 7 or 14 days significantly accelerated the resolution of herpes zoster-associated pain (P = 0.001 and P = 0.03, respectively) compared with acyclovir; median pain durations were 38 and 44 days, respectively, versus 51 days for acyclovir. Treatment with valaciclovir also significantly reduced the duration of postherpetic neuralgia and decreased the proportion of patients with pain persisting for 6 months (19.3 versus 25.7%). However, there were no differences between treatments in pain intensity or quality-of-life measures. Cutaneous manifestations resolved at similar rates in all groups. Adverse events were similar in nature and prevalence among groups, and no clinically important changes occurred in hematology or clinical chemistry parameters. Thus, in the management of immunocompetent patients > or = 50 years of age with localized herpes zoster, valaciclovir given at 1,000 mg three times daily for 7 days accelerates the resolution of pain and offers simpler dosing, while it maintains the favorable safety profile of acyclovir.
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PMID:Valaciclovir compared with acyclovir for improved therapy for herpes zoster in immunocompetent adults. 749 2


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